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Glycan Profile Alterations in Vaginitis and Their Role in Pathogen-Host Interactions. Cover

Glycan Profile Alterations in Vaginitis and Their Role in Pathogen-Host Interactions.

Polish Journal of Microbiology
Volume 74 (2025): Issue 4 (December 2025)
By: Małgorzata Bodaszewska-Lubaś  
Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Vaginal microbiota: shift from eubiosis to dysbiosis. Legend: Sugar residues forming the structures of N- and O-glycans: GlcNAc – N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc – N-acetylgalactosamine; Neu5Ac – N-acetylneuraminic acid; Fuc – fucose; Man – mannose; Gal – galactose; Glc – glucose.
Vaginal microbiota: shift from eubiosis to dysbiosis. Legend: Sugar residues forming the structures of N- and O-glycans: GlcNAc – N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc – N-acetylgalactosamine; Neu5Ac – N-acetylneuraminic acid; Fuc – fucose; Man – mannose; Gal – galactose; Glc – glucose.

Fig. 1.

The healthy vaginal epithelium coated by a protective mucus layer (CVM) and naturally secreted fluid (CVF), maintaining hydration and microbial balance. The figure was created in BioRender.com (https://BioRender.com/npsbi58) (Bodaszewska-Lubas). Legend: Sugar residues forming the structures of N- and O-glycans: GlcNAc – N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc – N-acetylgalactosamine; Neu5Ac – N-acetylneuraminic acid; Fuc – fucose; Man – mannose; Gal – galactose; Glc – glucose.
The healthy vaginal epithelium coated by a protective mucus layer (CVM) and naturally secreted fluid (CVF), maintaining hydration and microbial balance. The figure was created in BioRender.com (https://BioRender.com/npsbi58) (Bodaszewska-Lubas). Legend: Sugar residues forming the structures of N- and O-glycans: GlcNAc – N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc – N-acetylgalactosamine; Neu5Ac – N-acetylneuraminic acid; Fuc – fucose; Man – mannose; Gal – galactose; Glc – glucose.

Fig. 2.

Bacterial evasion. A) Bacteria without antigen mimicry feature are actively inactivated by immune system. B)Antigen mimicry. The figure was created in BioRender.com (https://BioRender.com/zwlqbxx) (Bodaszewska-Lubas). Legend: Sugar residues forming the structures of N- and O-glycans: GlcNAc – N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc – N-acetylgalactosamine; Neu5Ac – N-acetylneuraminic acid; Fuc – fucose; Man – mannose; Gal – galactose; Glc – glucose.
Bacterial evasion. A) Bacteria without antigen mimicry feature are actively inactivated by immune system. B)Antigen mimicry. The figure was created in BioRender.com (https://BioRender.com/zwlqbxx) (Bodaszewska-Lubas). Legend: Sugar residues forming the structures of N- and O-glycans: GlcNAc – N-acetylglucosamine; GalNAc – N-acetylgalactosamine; Neu5Ac – N-acetylneuraminic acid; Fuc – fucose; Man – mannose; Gal – galactose; Glc – glucose.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2025-043 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 494 - 506
Submitted on: Aug 6, 2025
|
Accepted on: Oct 30, 2025
|
Published on: Dec 26, 2025
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
glycan,
lactic acid bacteria,
molecular mimicry,
sialidase,
vaginosis
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Microbiology and virology

© 2025 Małgorzata Bodaszewska-Lubaś, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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