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In vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Polish patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Non-Interventional Study Cover

In vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates from Polish patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Non-Interventional Study

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Study protocol.
BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage, MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration
Study protocol. BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage, MIC = minimum inhibitory concentration

Fig. 2.

Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus (A – total, B – MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C) to the tested antibiotics (using EUCAST criteria).
AMK = Amikacin, CAZ = Ceftazidime, CEF = Cefepime, CZA = Ceftazidime/avibactam, CL = Colistin, CPT = Ceftaroline, CIP = Ciprofloxacin, CM = Clindamycin, CMX = Co-trimoxazole, IPM = Imipenem, MEM = Meropenem, LVX = Levofloxacin, LZD = Linezolid, TGC = Tigecycline, TOB = Tobramycin, TZP = Piperacillin/tazobactam, VAN = Vancomycin. EUCAST categorization: S = Susceptible, standard dosing regimen, I = Susceptible, increased exposure, R = Resistant
Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus (A – total, B – MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C) to the tested antibiotics (using EUCAST criteria). AMK = Amikacin, CAZ = Ceftazidime, CEF = Cefepime, CZA = Ceftazidime/avibactam, CL = Colistin, CPT = Ceftaroline, CIP = Ciprofloxacin, CM = Clindamycin, CMX = Co-trimoxazole, IPM = Imipenem, MEM = Meropenem, LVX = Levofloxacin, LZD = Linezolid, TGC = Tigecycline, TOB = Tobramycin, TZP = Piperacillin/tazobactam, VAN = Vancomycin. EUCAST categorization: S = Susceptible, standard dosing regimen, I = Susceptible, increased exposure, R = Resistant

Fig. 3.

Susceptibility of Burkholderia sp. (A), Achromobacter xylosoxidans (B),% and Stenotrophomonas maltophila (C) to the tested antibiotics (using EUCAST criteria).
AMK = Amikacin, CEF = Cefepime, CAZ = Ceftazidime, CPT = Ceftaroline, CZA = Ceftazidime/avibactam, CIP = Ciprofloxacin, CMX = Co-trimoxazole, CL = Colistin, IPM = Imipenem, LVX = Levofloxacin, MEM = Meropenem, TZP = Piperacillin/tazobactam, TGC = Tigecycline, TOB = Tobramycin. EUCAST categorization: S = Susceptible, standard dosing regimen, I = Susceptible, increased exposure, R = Resistant
Susceptibility of Burkholderia sp. (A), Achromobacter xylosoxidans (B),% and Stenotrophomonas maltophila (C) to the tested antibiotics (using EUCAST criteria). AMK = Amikacin, CEF = Cefepime, CAZ = Ceftazidime, CPT = Ceftaroline, CZA = Ceftazidime/avibactam, CIP = Ciprofloxacin, CMX = Co-trimoxazole, CL = Colistin, IPM = Imipenem, LVX = Levofloxacin, MEM = Meropenem, TZP = Piperacillin/tazobactam, TGC = Tigecycline, TOB = Tobramycin. EUCAST categorization: S = Susceptible, standard dosing regimen, I = Susceptible, increased exposure, R = Resistant

Identification of bacteria strains isolated from the respiratory tract of patients with CF_

Bacterial strainOveralln = 178Childrenn = 61Adultn = 117
Samplesn = 271Samplesn = 118Samplesn = 153
Staphylococcus aureus (total)177 (65.3%)73 (61.9%)104 (68.0%)
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)12 (4.4%)1 (0.8%)11 (7.2%)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa107 (39.5%)28 (23.7%)79 (51.6%)
Physiological upper respiratory tract flora37 (13.7%)27 (22.9%)10 (6.5%)
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia15 (5.5%)8 (6.8%)7 (4.6%)
Achromobacter xylosoxidans13 (4.8%)1 (0.8%)12 (7.8%)
Haemophilus influenzae9 (3.3%)2 (1.7%)7 (4.6%)
Klebsiella spp.8 (3.0%)1 (0.8%)7 (4.6%)
Escherichia coli8 (3.0%)1 (0.8%)7 (4.6%)
Burkholderia spp.6 (2.2%)-6 (3.9%)
Enterobacter cloacae6 (2.2%)2 (1.7%)4 (2.6%)
Pseudomonas spp.6 (2.2%)1 (0.8%)5 (3.3%)
Proteus mirabilis6 (2.2%)-6 (3.9%)
Serratia spp.4 (1.5%)-4 (2.6%)
Morganella morganii3 (1.1%)-3 (2.0%)
Ochrobactrum anthropii2 (0.7%)-2 (1.3%)
Sphingobacterium multivorum2 (0.7%)-2 (1.3%)
Other*7 (2.6%)2 (1.7%)5 (3.3%)

Characteristics of visits_

Overall, n = 179Children, n = 62Adult, n = 117
Total number of patients17962117
Total number of visits282121161
Visit type
Planned213 (75.5%)91 (75.2%)122 (75.8%)
PEx69 (24.5%)30 (24.8%)39 (24.2%)
Control visit after antibiotic therapy0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)
Collected samplesn = 282n = 121n = 161
Not analyzed11 (3.9%)3 (2.5%)8 (5.0%)
Microbiologically analyzed271 (96.1%)118 (97.5%)153 (95.0%)
Sample type
Spontaneous sputum237 (87.5%)116 (98.3%)121 (79.1%)
Induced sputum9 (3.3%)0 (0.0%)9 (5.9%)
BAL25 (9.2%)2 (1.7%)23 (15.0%)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2025-040 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
Language: English
Page range: 471 - 483
Submitted on: Jul 31, 2025
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Accepted on: Oct 29, 2025
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Published on: Dec 26, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 JUSTYNA MILCZEWSKA, WOJCIECH SKORUPA, KATARZYNA WALICKA-SERZYSKO, DARIA SPRINGER, EWA KOŁDA, SZCZEPAN COFTA, VIOLETTA PETRONIEC, JOANNA NOWAK, ANNA SCHNEIDER, ANNA MÓL, MONIKA BOGIEL, DOROTA SANDS, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
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