Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Lichen-Associated Endophytes from Helan Mountains: Insight into Microbial Diversity and Application Cover

Lichen-Associated Endophytes from Helan Mountains: Insight into Microbial Diversity and Application

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

The front and back morphology of 17 bacterial colonies.
The front and back morphology of 17 bacterial colonies.

Fig. 2.

Morphological diagram of 17 bacterial strains.
Morphological diagram of 17 bacterial strains.

Fig. 3.

Phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences.
The values at the branch points are the bootstrap values calculated 1,000 times when constructing the phylogenetic tree; the scale 0.05 represents a 5% difference in calculations.
Phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The values at the branch points are the bootstrap values calculated 1,000 times when constructing the phylogenetic tree; the scale 0.05 represents a 5% difference in calculations.

Fig. 4.

Inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of 17 strains against Staphylococcus aureus.
Inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of 17 strains against Staphylococcus aureus.

Fig. 5.

Inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of 17 strains against Proteus vulgaris.
Inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of 17 strains against Proteus vulgaris.

Fig. 6.

Inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of 17 strains against Candida albicans.
Inhibitory activity of secondary metabolites of 17 strains against Candida albicans.

Fig. 7.

Test results of salt tolerance of 17 bacterial strains.
Test results of salt tolerance of 17 bacterial strains.

Fig. 8.

Test results of alkali resistance of 17 bacterial strains.
Test results of alkali resistance of 17 bacterial strains.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification Protocol_

Pre-denaturationDenaturationAnnealingExtensionFinal extensionNumber of cycles
95°C, 5min95°C, 30s58°C, 30s72°C, 1min 30s72°C, 7min35

Identification results of 17 bacterial strains_

Strain No.Scientific nameQuery coverageIdentitiesSequence ID
CHF-2Streptomyces heliomycini100%99.22%NR_041197.1
CHF-3Streptomyces plumbiresistens100%99.21%NR_044518.1
CHF-5Streptomyces alfalfae100%98.79%NR_147713.1
CHF-6Streptomyces huasconensis100%100.00%NR_178969.1
CHF-7Streptomyces spiroverticillatus100%99.50%NR_112582.1
CHF-8Niallia nealsonii100%99.22%NR_044546.1
CHF-9Streptomyces alfalfae100%98.71%NR_147713.1
CHF-10Streptomyces kanamyceticus99%98.88%NR_043822.1
CHF-11Acinetobacter seifertii100%100.00%NR_134684.1
CHF-12Streptomyces alfalfae98%97.99%NR_147713.1
CHF-14Peribacillus frigoritolerans100%99.93%NR_117474.1
CHF-15Streptomyces alboniger100%99.35%NR_043228.2
CHF-16Streptomyces alfalfae100%97.59%NR_147713.1
CHF-17Streptomyces spiroverticillatus100%99.43%NR_112582.1
CHF-18Streptomyces spiroverticillatus100%99.50%NR_112582.1
CHF-19Pseudarthrobacter siccitolerans100%99.50%NR_108849.1
CHF-20Streptomyces aureus99%99.06%NR_025663.1

Results of inhibition zone determination of antibacterial activity of strains_

Strain No.Bacteriostatic diameter/cm
Staphylococcus aureusProteus vulgarisCandida albicans
CHF-2
CHF-31.521.561.55
CHF-54.25
CHF-62.272.52
CHF-71.49
CHF-8
CHF-91.781.55
CHF-102.11
CHF-111.621.531.54
CHF-123.343.35
CHF-142.141.501.53
CHF-151.202.73
CHF-164.142.37
CHF-171.491.72
CHF-181.471.371.69
CHF-19
CHF-202.20

Salt tolerance of 17 bacterial strains_

Strain No.NaCl concentration (g/l)
255075100
CHF-2+++
CHF-3+
CHF-5+
CHF-6+++
CHF-7++
CHF-8+
CHF-9+
CHF-10+
CHF-11++++
CHF-12+
CHF-14+++
CHF-15+++
CHF-16+
CHF-17++
CHF-18+++
CHF-19++
CHF-20++

Primer design_

 Primer nameSequence
27F5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′
1492R5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′

PCR Amplification Reaction System_

ReagentVolume
Genomic DNA (20 ng/μl)1.0 μl
10× Buffer (containing 2.5 mM Mg2+)5.0 μl
Taq Polymerase (5 U/μl)1.0 μl
dNTP (10 mM)1.0 μl
27F Primer (10 μM)1.5 μl
1492R Primer (10 μM)1.5 μl
ddH2O39.0 μl
Total volume50.0 μl

Alkali resistance of 17 bacterial strains_

Strain No.pH
891011
CHF-2++++
CHF-3++++
CHF-5++++
CHF-6++++
CHF-7++++
CHF-8+++
CHF-9++++
CHF-10++++
CHF-11++++
CHF-12++++
CHF-14++++
CHF-15++++
CHF-16++++
CHF-17++++
CHF-18++
CHF-19+
CHF-20++++
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2025-038 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
Language: English
Page range: 446 - 460
Submitted on: Jun 4, 2025
|
Accepted on: Sep 22, 2025
|
Published on: Dec 26, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Xiao-Li Ma, Jing-Jing Tian, Zhi-Jun Song, Jian Ma, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.