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The Dynamic Changes of Nutrient and Microbial Succession in Nanomembrane Aerobic Composting of Tomato Straw Cover

The Dynamic Changes of Nutrient and Microbial Succession in Nanomembrane Aerobic Composting of Tomato Straw

Polish Journal of Microbiology
Volume 74 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)
By: RONGJIAO WANG,  PO PU,  DAN HUANG,  XUANYAN DU,  RUI XIANG,  GUIZHEN LI and  LATIE JIAKA  
Open Access
|Sep 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Changes in temperature, pH, moisture content, and electrical conductivity under different composting methods. A)Temperature changes of tomato straw in different composting methods; B) pH changes of tomato straw in different composting methods; C) moisture content changes of tomato straw in different composting methods; D) electrical conductivity changes of tomato straw in different composting methods. CK – conventional manure pile group; EG – nanomembrane aerobic composting group.
Changes in temperature, pH, moisture content, and electrical conductivity under different composting methods. A)Temperature changes of tomato straw in different composting methods; B) pH changes of tomato straw in different composting methods; C) moisture content changes of tomato straw in different composting methods; D) electrical conductivity changes of tomato straw in different composting methods. CK – conventional manure pile group; EG – nanomembrane aerobic composting group.

Fig. 2.

Changes in organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus under different composting methods. A) Changes in organic carbon of tomato straw under different composting methods; B) changes in total nitrogen of tomato straw under different composting methods; C) changes in total potassium of tomato straw under different composting methods; D) changes in total phosphorus of tomato straw under different composting methods. CK – conventional manure pile group; EG – nanomembrane aerobic composting group.
Changes in organic carbon, total nitrogen, total potassium, and total phosphorus under different composting methods. A) Changes in organic carbon of tomato straw under different composting methods; B) changes in total nitrogen of tomato straw under different composting methods; C) changes in total potassium of tomato straw under different composting methods; D) changes in total phosphorus of tomato straw under different composting methods. CK – conventional manure pile group; EG – nanomembrane aerobic composting group.

Fig. 3.

Rank-abundance rarefaction curve and dilution curve. a) Rank Abundance curve; b) dilution curve.
Rank-abundance rarefaction curve and dilution curve. a) Rank Abundance curve; b) dilution curve.

Fig. 4.

Alpha diversity index, principal coordinate analysis, and UPGMA clustering tree of two treated composts. a) ACE index of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; b) Chao1 index of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; c) Shannon index of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; d) PCoA plot of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; e) UPGMA dendrogram of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.
Alpha diversity index, principal coordinate analysis, and UPGMA clustering tree of two treated composts. a) ACE index of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; b) Chao1 index of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; c) Shannon index of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; d) PCoA plot of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods; e) UPGMA dendrogram of bacterial alpha diversity across composting methods. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5.

Relative abundance and differential flora of bacteria across composting methods. A) Phylum-level composition of predominant bacterial communities; B) order-level composition of predominant bacterial communities; C) genus-level composition of predominant bacterial communities; D) correlation heatmaps between bacteria and different samples; E) LDA scores for microbial groups (determined by linear discriminant analysis). The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.
Relative abundance and differential flora of bacteria across composting methods. A) Phylum-level composition of predominant bacterial communities; B) order-level composition of predominant bacterial communities; C) genus-level composition of predominant bacterial communities; D) correlation heatmaps between bacteria and different samples; E) LDA scores for microbial groups (determined by linear discriminant analysis). The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6.

Relative abundance curve and observed species curve. a) Relative Abundance curve; b) observed species curve.
Relative abundance curve and observed species curve. a) Relative Abundance curve; b) observed species curve.

Fig. 7.

Multivariate statistical analysis and alpha diversity index plots. a) Principal component analysis (PCA) plot; b) OPLS-DA score plot; c) ACE index box plot; d) Chao1 index box plot. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.
Multivariate statistical analysis and alpha diversity index plots. a) Principal component analysis (PCA) plot; b) OPLS-DA score plot; c) ACE index box plot; d) Chao1 index box plot. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.

Fig. 8.

Relative abundance and composition of fungi in organic fertilizers from different composting methods. A) Fungal phylum levels composed of different treatment groups; B) fungal genus levels composed of different treatment groups. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.
Relative abundance and composition of fungi in organic fertilizers from different composting methods. A) Fungal phylum levels composed of different treatment groups; B) fungal genus levels composed of different treatment groups. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.

Fig.9.

Differential fungal flora and correlation in organic fertilizers from different composting methods. A) Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of fungi in different test groups; B) LDA of fungi in CK group; C) LDA of fungi in EG group; D) Clustering heatmaps of fungal flora and different treatments. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.
Differential fungal flora and correlation in organic fertilizers from different composting methods. A) Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of fungi in different test groups; B) LDA of fungi in CK group; C) LDA of fungi in EG group; D) Clustering heatmaps of fungal flora and different treatments. The experimental groups represented by CK and EG are the same as those in Fig. 1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2025-030 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 347 - 362
Submitted on: Jun 4, 2025
Accepted on: Aug 6, 2025
Published on: Sep 16, 2025
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
organic fertilizer,
tomato straw,
nutritional components,
bacterial diversity,
fungal diversity
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Microbiology and virology

© 2025 RONGJIAO WANG, PO PU, DAN HUANG, XUANYAN DU, RUI XIANG, GUIZHEN LI, LATIE JIAKA, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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