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Control Effect and Mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum TM11 against Blueberry Root Rot Cover

Control Effect and Mechanism of Trichoderma asperellum TM11 against Blueberry Root Rot

Polish Journal of Microbiology
Volume 72 (2023): Issue 3 (September 2023)
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2023

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Inhibitory activity of strain TM11 against Fusarium commune and Fusarium oxysporum.CK is F. commune and F. oxysporum alone; on the left side of each plate is the TM11 colony, and on the right side is the colony of F. commune or F. oxysporum.
Inhibitory activity of strain TM11 against Fusarium commune and Fusarium oxysporum.CK is F. commune and F. oxysporum alone; on the left side of each plate is the TM11 colony, and on the right side is the colony of F. commune or F. oxysporum.

Fig. 2.

Morphological characteristics of strain TM11.A–B) colony of TM11 surface and base, C) conidiophores, D) conidia (scale 20 microns).
Morphological characteristics of strain TM11.A–B) colony of TM11 surface and base, C) conidiophores, D) conidia (scale 20 microns).

Fig. 3.

Phylogenetic trees based on ITS (A) and SSU (B) sequences using the neighbor-joining method.The outgroup was Schizophyllum commune and Nectria berolinensis; numerical values above the branches are bootstrap percentiles from 1,000 replicates. Parsimony bootstrap values of more than 50% are shown at the nodes.
Phylogenetic trees based on ITS (A) and SSU (B) sequences using the neighbor-joining method.The outgroup was Schizophyllum commune and Nectria berolinensis; numerical values above the branches are bootstrap percentiles from 1,000 replicates. Parsimony bootstrap values of more than 50% are shown at the nodes.

Fig. 4.

Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium commune hyphal growth by Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 under a microscope.A) Strain TM11 causes lysis of F. oxysporum lysis of the hyphae (as shown by arrow), B) strain TM11 causes F. oxysporum lysis of the hyphae, and the cytoplasm has leaked out of that hyphal (as shown by arrow), C) strain TM11 to coil around the hyphae of F. commune (as shown by arrow), D) strain TM11 causes F. commune lysis of the hyphae, and the cytoplasm has leaked out of that hyphal (as shown by arrow).
Inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium commune hyphal growth by Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 under a microscope.A) Strain TM11 causes lysis of F. oxysporum lysis of the hyphae (as shown by arrow), B) strain TM11 causes F. oxysporum lysis of the hyphae, and the cytoplasm has leaked out of that hyphal (as shown by arrow), C) strain TM11 to coil around the hyphae of F. commune (as shown by arrow), D) strain TM11 causes F. commune lysis of the hyphae, and the cytoplasm has leaked out of that hyphal (as shown by arrow).

Fig. 5.

Inhibitory effects of volatile metabolites and fermentation metabolites of Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 on the growth of Fusarium commune and Fusarum oxysporum.CK1 and CK2 represent the growth of F. commune and F. oxysporum on PDA; volatile metabolites mean volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fermentation metabolites mean secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, ketones, esters, phenols and organic acids, such as erucamide, dibutyl phthalate and benzophenone.
Inhibitory effects of volatile metabolites and fermentation metabolites of Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 on the growth of Fusarium commune and Fusarum oxysporum.CK1 and CK2 represent the growth of F. commune and F. oxysporum on PDA; volatile metabolites mean volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fermentation metabolites mean secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, ketones, esters, phenols and organic acids, such as erucamide, dibutyl phthalate and benzophenone.

Fig. 6.

Effect of blueberry seedling growth inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum or Fusarium commune.A) Control group: inoculated with F. commune alone, B) treatment 1: F. commune inoculated first, and TM11 inoculated 48 hours later, C) treatment 2: TM11 inoculated first, then F. commune inoculated 48 hours later, D) control group: inoculated with F. oxysporum alone, E) treatment 1: F. oxysporum inoculated first, and TM11 inoculated 48 hours later, F) treatment 2: TM11 inoculated first, then F. oxysporum inoculated 48 hours later.
Effect of blueberry seedling growth inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum or Fusarium commune.A) Control group: inoculated with F. commune alone, B) treatment 1: F. commune inoculated first, and TM11 inoculated 48 hours later, C) treatment 2: TM11 inoculated first, then F. commune inoculated 48 hours later, D) control group: inoculated with F. oxysporum alone, E) treatment 1: F. oxysporum inoculated first, and TM11 inoculated 48 hours later, F) treatment 2: TM11 inoculated first, then F. oxysporum inoculated 48 hours later.

Inhibitory effects of volatile and fermentation metabolites of Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 on the growth of Fusarium commune and Fusarium oxysporum_

TreatmentFusarium communeFusarium oxysporum
Diameter of pathogen colony (cm)Percentage inhibition (%)Diameter of pathogen colony (cm)Percentage inhibition (%)
CK15.77 ± 0.05an.d.5.97 ± 0.05an.d.
Volatile metabolites3.83 ± 0.04b33.53 ± 0.72a3.77 ± 0.17b36.87 ± 2.74a
CK27.00 ± 0.22an.d.8.87 ± 0.05an.d.
Fermentation metabolites5.83 ± 0.05b16.67 ± 2.81b5.60 ± 0.08b36.84 ± 0.98a

Types and relative abundances of antimicrobial metabolites produced in culture filtrates by Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 based on HPLC–MS analysis of methanol extracts of fermentation broth_

Chemical compoundPeak areaRetention time (min)m/z
Erucamide221862.787.22338
Dibutyl phthalate158594.536.73279
Benzophenone24466.556.00183
Benzothiazole49711.097.09136
Citric acid49252.021.11193
Betainel6165.180.89118
Dipropyl phthalate5286.646.07251
alpha-Curcumene3619.385.43203
Phenylalanine2535.442.52166
3-Hydroxycinnamic acid2500.472.90165
Chlorogenic acid1903.633.02355
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid517.803.16139

Effects of inoculation with Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 and Fusarium commune or Fusarium oxysporum on SOD, POD, and CAT activities in leaf and root tissue of blueberry seedlings_

TreatmentLeafRoot
CAT (U/g fresh weight)SOD (U/g fresh weight)POD (U/g fresh weight)CAT (U/g fresh weight)SOD (U/g fresh weight)POD (U/g fresh weight)
CK128.14 ± 5.86b208.01 ± 4.05c142.08 ± 4.05d140.96 ± 3.30c406.44 ± 2.02b150.86 ± 3.60d
TM11224.59 ± 12.19a446.95 ± 3.21a353.22 ± 3.37a279.22 ± 1.36a490.13 ± 1.77a363.61 ± 11.14a
TM11 + F. commune217.09 ± 7.41a352.75 ± 4.79b309.32 ± 6.20b228.79 ± 3.43b469.36 ± 4.60a313.66 ± 4.75b
TM11 + F. oxysporum213.37 ± 9.78a349.54 ± 4.29b205.23 ± 0.30c274.70 ± 1.65a490.39 ± 12.74a306.37 ± 9.38b

Relative control effect of Trichoderma asperellum strain TM11 against Fusarium commune and Fusarium oxysporum disease in blueberry plants in a pot test after four weeks_

TreatmentFusarium communeFusarium oxysporum
Disease indexPercentage disease (%)Disease indexPercentage disease (%)
Control96.00 ± 3.27an.d.97.33 ± 1.88an.d.
Inoculation with TM11 first6.67 ± 1.89c93.05 ± 1.99a14.67 ± 1.89c84.76 ± 1.57a
Inoculation with pathogens first28.00 ± 3.27b70.92 ± 2.41b36.00 ± 3.27b62.46 ± 1.28b

j_pjm-2023-034_tab_006

Grade 0:no disease;
Grade 1:diseased spots on the root of blueberry seedlings less than 1.0 cm in size, but the plants were healthy;
Grade 2:blueberry seedling root lesions of 1.0–2.0 cm, seedling leaves slightly withered, and lower leaves rarely shed;
Grade 3:root lesions of blueberry seedlings were more than 2.0 cm, and seedling leaves were withered or fell off;
Grade 4:blueberry seedling showed brown root rot, or the whole plant withered;
Grade 5:blueberry seedling was dead.

Percentage inhibition of the mycelial colonies of the blueberry root rot pathogens Fusarium commune and Fusarium oxysporum by TM11 compared with the untreated control (CK) assessed in dual culture plates after 5 days of incubation_

StrainFusarium communeFusarium oxysporum
Treatment colony radius (cm)Percentage inhibition (%)Treatment colony radius (cm)Percentage inhibition (%)
CK5.42 ± 0.08an.d.5.53 ± 0.05an.d.
TM111.73 ± 0.09b68.01 ± 1.451.90 ± 0.06b65.65 ± 1.22
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2023-034 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 325 - 337
Submitted on: May 25, 2023
Accepted on: Aug 2, 2023
Published on: Sep 20, 2023
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year
Keywords:
blueberry root rot,
biocontrol mechanisms,
pot tests
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Microbiology and virology

© 2023 Si Li, Fu-Mei Zhang, Xiao-Jing Shang, Rui Hou, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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