Fig. 1.
Differential expression analysis of autophagy-related genes in tuberculosis (TB).
A) Acquisition of autophagy-related genes in TB; B) volcano plot of differential expression of autophagy-related genes in TB. C) heat map of differential expression of autophagy-related genes in TB-infected and healthy samples; D) box plots of differentially up-regulated genes associated with autophagy in TB-infected and healthy samples; E) box plots of differentially down-regulated genes associated with autophagy in TB-infected and healthy samples. Green box plots represent normal samples, and red box plots represent TB-infected samples.
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Fig. 2.
PPI network and correlation analysis of autophagy-related DEGs.
A) PPI network of autophagy-related DEGs in tuberculosis; B) degree statistics of top 20 genes in the PPI network. Abscissa represents degree value and the ordinate represents gene. C) correlation analysis of autophagy-related DEGs in tuberculosis.
Fig. 3.
GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of autophagy-related DEGs.
A) Bubble plot of GO enrichment analysis for 47 autophagy-related DEGs; B) bubble plots of KEGG enrichment analysis for 47 autophagy-related DEGs.
Fig. 4.
Identification of miRNAs and network construction.
A) GO enrichment analysis of target genes of six miRNAs; B) intersection of autophagy-related DEGs with miRTarbase target genes; C) regulatory network of miRNA-mRNA.
Fig. 5.
Screening of autophagy-related hub genes in tuberculosis.
A) Five algorithms were used to screen tuberculosis-related hub genes. B) the GSEA enrichment analysis results of GABARAPL1.
Table I
Top 10 hub genes obtained by five algorithms of the Cytohubba. cytoHuba
| MNC | MCC | EPC | DMNC | Degree |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SQSTM1 | GABARAPL1 | MAPK8 | ATG16L2 | SQSTM1 |
| UVRAG | UVRAG | SQSTM1 | RAB24 | MAPK8 |
| MAPK8 | ULK2 | UVRAG | DRAM1 | UVRAG |
| GABARAPL1 | ATG16L2 | GABARAPL1 | RAB5A | HSPA5 |
| HSPA5 | SQSTM1 | BAX | BAK1 | GABARAPL1 |
| ULK2 | DRAM1 | HSPA5 | ATG2B | ULK2 |
| BAX | RAB24 | ULK2 | LAMP2 | BAX |
| FOS | ATG2B | FADD | BID | VEGFA |
| VEGFA | MAPK8 | FOS | ULK2 | FOS |
| FADD | LAMP2 | LAMP2 | GABARAPL1 | FADD |
Fig. 6.
TB subgroups division.
A) Consensus clustering map of autophagy-related DEGs; B) consistency CDF graphs; C) relative changes of the area under CDF curve.
Fig. 7.
Immune infiltration analyses of different subgroups of tuberculosis.
A) Immune microenvironment heat maps of 2 subgroups; B–D) different immune score, ESTIMATE score, and stromal score. E) expression levels of immune checkpoints in different subgroups; F) infiltration of immune cells in different subgroups.
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.