References
- Bell T, O’Grady NP. Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2017 Sep;31(3):551–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2017.05.007
- Blot K, Vogelaers D, Blot S. Central line-associated bloodstream infections: A critical look at the role and research of quality improvement interventions and strategies. In: Vincent JL, editor. Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine. Cham (Switzerland): Springer Cham; 2015. p. 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13761-2_2
- Brun-Buisson C, Abrouk F, Legrand P, Huet Y, Larabi S, Rapin M. Diagnosis of central venous catheter-related sepsis. Critical level of quantitative tip cultures. Arch Intern Med. 1987 May 01;147(5): 873–877. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1987.00370050069012
- CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 19th ed. CLSI supplement M100-S19. Wayne (USA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2009.
- CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 20th ed. CLSI supplement M100-S20. Wayne (USA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2010a.
- CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 20th ed. (June 2010, Update). CLSI supplement M100-S20-U. Wayne (USA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2010b. EUCAST. EUCAST guideline for the detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical and/ or epidemiological importance. Version 1.0. Basel (Switzerland): The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2013 [cited 2022 Jan 26]. Available from https://www.eucast.org/resistance_mechanisms/
- EUCAST. EUCAST guideline for the detection of resistance mechanisms and specific resistances of clinical and/ or epidemiological importance. Version 2.0. Basel (Switzerland): The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2017 [cited 2022 Jan 26]. Available from https://www.eucast.org/resistance_mechanisms/
- Gagliotti C, Balode A, Baquero F, Degener J, Grundmann H, Gür D, Jarlier V, Kahlmeter G, Monen J, Monnet DL, et al.; EARS-Net Participants (Disease Specific Contact Points for AMR). Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus: bad news and good news from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net, formerly EARSS), 2002 to 2009. Euro Surveill. 2011 Mar 17;16(11):19819. https://doi.org/10.2807/ese.16.11.19819-en
- Goto M, Al-Hasan MN. Overall burden of bloodstream infection and nosocomial bloodstream infection in North America and Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Jun;19(6):501–509. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12195
- Gunst M, Matsushima K, Vanek S, Gunst R, Shafi S, Frankel H. Peripherally inserted central catheters may lower the incidence of catheter-related blood stream infections in patients in surgical intensive care units. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2011 Aug; 12(4):279–282. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2008.058
- Holm MKA, Jansåker F, Gradel KO, Nielsen RT, Østergaard Andersen C, Jarløv JO, Schønheyder HC, Dahl Knudsen J. Decrease in all-cause 30-day mortality after bacteraemia over a 15-year period: a population-based cohort study in Denmark in 2000–2014. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jun 2;18(11):5982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115982
- Hryniewicz W, Kusza K, Ozorowski T, Misiewska-Kaczur A, Fleischer M, Trejnowska E, Deptuła A. [Strategia zapobiegania lekooporności w oddziałach intensywnej terapii. Rekomendacje profilaktyki zakażeńw oddziałach intensywnej terapii] (in Polish). Warsaw (Poland): National Medicines Institute; 2013.
- Ielapi N, Nicoletti E, Lorè C, Guasticchi G, Avenoso T, Barbetta A, de Franciscis S, Andreucci M, Sapienza P, Serra R. The Role of biofilm in central venous catheter related bloodstream infections: Evidence-based nursing and review of the literature. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2020;15(1):22–27. https://doi.org/10.2174/1574887114666191018144739
- Kołpa M, Wałaszek M, Gniadek A, Wolak Z, Dobroś W. Incidence, microbiological profile and risk factors of healthcare-associated infections in intensive care units: A 10 year observation in a provincial hospital in southern Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Jan 11;15(1):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010112
- Lee H, Yoon EJ, Kim D, Jeong SH, Won EJ, Shin JH, Kim SH, Shin JH, Shin KS, Kim YA, et al. 2018. Antimicrobial resistance of major clinical pathogens in South Korea, May 2016 to April 2017: first one-year report from Kor-GLASS. Euro Surveill. 2018 Oct; 23(42):1800047. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.42.1800047
- Ling ML, Apisarnthanarak A, Jaggi N, Harrington G, Morikane K, Thu LTA, Ching P, Villanueva V, Zong Z, Jeong JS, et al. APSIC guide for prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2016 Dec;5(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-016-0116-5
- Louzi L, Doblali T, Sbiti M, L’Kassmi H. Microbiological and resistance patterns of blood cultures clinical isolates at Moulay Ismail Military Hospital of Meknes, Morocco. A four-year period retrospective study: 2011–2014. JSM Microbiol. 2016;4(1):1030.
- Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW. A semiquantitative culture method for identifying intravenous-catheter-related infection. N Engl J Med. 1977 Jun 09;296(23):1305–1309. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197706092962301
- Massart N, Wattecamps G, Moriconi M, Fillatre P. Attributable mortality of ICU acquired bloodstream infections: a propensity-score matched analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021 Aug; 40(8):1673–1680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-021-04215-4
- Munoz-Price LS, Arheart K, Nordmann P, Boulanger AE, Cleary T, Alvarez R, Pizano L, Namias N, Kett DH, Poirel L. Eighteen years of experience with Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary care hospital. Crit Care Med. 2013 Dec;41(12):2733-42. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e318298a541
- Musicha P, Cornick JE, Bar-Zeev N, French N, Masesa C, Denis B, Kennedy N, Mallewa J, Gordon MA, Msefula CL, et al. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infection isolates at a large urban hospital in Malawi (1998–2016): a surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Oct; 17(10):1042–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30394-8
- O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, Dellinger EP, Garland J, Heard SO, Lipsett PA, Masur H, Mermel LA, Pearson ML, et al.; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 May 01;52(9):e162–e193. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir257
- Polderman K, Girbes A. Central venous catheter use. Intensive Care Med. 2002 Jan;28(1):18–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-001-1156-7
- Rani RD, Chaitanya SB, Rajappa SJ, Kumar BR, Prabhakar KK, Mohan KM, Nayak VK, Kumar P, Santa A, Rao S. Retrospective analysis of blood stream infections and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gram negative bacteria in a Tertiary Care Cancer Hospital. Int J Med Res Health Sci. 2017;6(12):19–26.
- Rani VN, Gopal K, Narendra VM, Vishwakanth D, Nagesh V, Yogitha M, Sunil VM, Palani T. A retospective study on blood stream infections and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012;4(1):543–548. Salm F, Schwab F, Behnke M, Brunkhorst FM, Scherag A, Geffers C, Gastmeier P. Nudge to better care – blood cultures and catheter-related bloodstream infections in Germany at two points in time (2006, 2015). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018 Dec; 7(1):141. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-018-0432-z
- Tabah A, Koulenti D, Laupland K, Misset B, Valles J, Bruzzi de Carvalho F, Paiva JA, Çakar N, Ma X, Eggimann P, et al. Characteristics and determinants of outcome of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care units: the EUROBACT International Cohort Study. Intensive Care Med. 2012 Dec;38(12): 1930–1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2695-9
- Tajima T, Asai Y, Endo M, Suzuki T, Matsunaga N, Tsuzuki S, Hayakawa K, Ohmagari N. Rate of blood culture submissions in Japan as an indicator of bloodstream infections. J Infect Chemother. 2021 Aug;27(8):1270–1272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2021.04.019
- Tian L, Zhang Z, Sun Z. Antimicrobial resistance trends in bloodstream infections at a large teaching hospital in China: A 20-year surveillance study (1998–2017). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019 Dec;8(1):86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0545-z
- Tiwari KB, Gatto C, Wilkinson BJ. Plasticity of coagulase-negative staphylococcal membrane fatty acid composition and implications for responses to antimicrobial agents. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Apr 28;9(5):214. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9050214
- Tomaszewski D, Rybicki Z, Duszyńska W. The Polish Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (PPIC): A one-day point prevalence multicenter study. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2019 Apr 13;28(7):907–912. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/94147
- Wałaszek M, Różańska A, Bulanda M, Wojkowska-Mach J; Polish Society of Hospital Infections Team. Alarming results of nosocomial bloodstream infections surveillance in Polish intensive care units. Przegl Epidemiol. 2018;72(1):33–44.
- Watson D, Spaulding AB, Dreyfus J. Risk-set matching to assess the impact of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Feb 01;188(2):461–466. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwy252