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Fig. 5.
Characteristics of eleven Actinomycetes strains_
| Symbol of isolate | Pigmentation | Opacity of colony | Colony consistency | Growth under the surface of liquid media |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptomyces griseorubens strain HM1 (Actino1) | Brown | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM2 (Actino2) | White | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 (Actino4) | Yellow* | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM4 (Actino5) | Yellow | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Actino7 | Red | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM6 (Actino8) | Cream | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Streptomyces panayensis strain HM7 (Actino9) | Cream | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM8 (Actino MS9) | Dark brown | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Actino10 | Cream light pink | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Actino11 | Cream | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
| Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 (Actino12) | Yellow** | Opaque | Rough | Sediment of balls |
Antagonism of eight identified Streptomyces strains against ten different plant pathogenic fungi_
| Isolates | Tested Fungi* | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F. mon | F. so | F. ox | F. gra | Collet | Bot | Alt | Rhiz | Myro | Thiel | Total | |
| Streptomyces griseorubens strain HM1 | – | – | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | 10 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM4 | – | – | – | – | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | – | – | 4 |
| Actino7 | + | +++ | + | +++ | – | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | 5 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces panayensis strain HM7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Actino10 | – | – | – | +++ | +++ | – | +++ | – | – | – | 3 |
| Actino11 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ | +++ 16 m | 10 |
| Total | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 | |
Effects of Streptomyces tricolor HM10 and Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 crude extracts on the viability of A549 cancer cells_ Treated versus untreated cells (p > 0_05)_
| Streptomyces thinghirensis HM3 (μg/ml) | % Cells Viability (Mean + SD) | Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 (μg/ml) | Cells Viability (%) (Mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Untreated cells | 98.3 ± 8.2 | Untreated cells | 99.1 ± 6.1 |
| 20 | 98.2 ± 9.2 | 20 | 99.2 ± 5.5 |
| 40 | 97.4 ± 6.8 | 40 | 98.3 ± 6.6 |
| 60 | 98.5 ± 7.3 | 60 | 97.1 ± 4.6 |
| 80 | 97.3 ± 9.6 | 80 | 98.2 ± 7.3 |
| 100 | 96.2 ± 9.1 | 100 | 98.3 ± 8.8 |
| 120 | 98.4 ± 7.2 | 120 | 97.7 ± 9.5 |
| 140 | 98.8 ± 9.5 | 140 | 99.1 ± 6.4 |
| 160 | 96.2 ± 9.1 | 160 | 98.2 ± 7.2 |
| 180 | 98.2 ± 8.2 | 180 | 97.1 ± 7.3 |
| 200 | 97.1 ± 8.5 | 200 | 98.3 ± 9.5 |
Identified Streptomyces strains via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and their similarity with identified strains at the NCBI website_
| No. | The isolated strain | Streptomyces similar strain | Similarity (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Streptomyces griseorubens strain HM1 (Actino1) | Streptomyces griseorubens strain SELJFHG3 | 99.46 |
| 2 | Streptomyces sp. strain HM2 (Actino2) | Streptomyces sp. SYP-A7193 | 99.85 |
| 3 | Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 (Actino4) | Streptomyces thinghirensis strain TG26 | 99.62 |
| 4 | Streptomyces sp. strain HM4 (Actino5) | Streptomyces sp. E4N275g | 99.46 |
| 5 | Streptomyces sp. strain HM6 (Actino8) | Streptomyces sp. SYP-A7193 | 99.23 |
| 6 | Streptomyces panayensis strain HM7 (Actino9) | Streptomyces panayensis | 99.54 |
| 7 | Streptomyces sp. strain HM8 (ActinoMS9) | Streptomyces sp. strain 16K303 | 99.46 |
| 8 | Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 (Actino12) | Streptomyces tricolor strain AS 4.1867 | 99.77 |
The production of siderophores, extracellular indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and phosphor fixing of eleven isolated Streptomyces strains_
| Isolate | Iron1 | Phosphor2 | IAA3 µg/ml | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reaction | Width | D/D colony | h/c | |||
| Streptomyces griseorubens strain HM1 | ++ | 2 mm | 9.5/5.5 | 1.98 | + | 77.19 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM2 | ++ | 1.5 mm | 10.1/7.5 | 2.15 | + | 89.36 |
| Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 | + | 1 mm | 11/8 | 1.67 | Trace | 86.66 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM4 | ++ | 2.5 mm | 11/5.5 | 3.36 | – | 72.26 |
| Actino7 | +++ | 5 mm | 16.5/8 | 4.25 | – | 112.96 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM6 | ++ | 2 mm | 11.5/7.5 | 2.35 | – | 43.65 |
| Streptomyces panayensis strain HM7 | +++ | 5 mm | 14/4 | 12.25 | + | 99.3 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM8 | +++ | 11 mm | 24/3 | 64 | Trace | 75.6 |
| Actino10 | +++ | 10 mm | 25.5/4.5 | 32.1 | + | 172.13 |
| Actino11 | +++ | 9 mm | 20/3.5 | 32.65 | – | 270.33 |
| Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 | +++ | 11.5 mm | 28.5/6 | 22.56 | + | 273.02 |
The antagonism effect of eight identified Streptomyces strains against three bacterial strains_
| Isolates | Pseudomonas putida | Escherichia coli | Bacillus subtilis | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Streptomyces griseorubens strain HM1 | + 3 mm | – | – | 1 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM2 | – | – | – | 1 |
| Streptomyces thinghirensis strain HM3 | – | + 12 mm | Trace 3 mm | 2 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM4 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM6 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces panayensis strain HM7 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces sp. strain HM8 | – | – | – | 0 |
| Streptomyces tricolor strain HM10 | – | – | – | 0 |