Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Illumina MiSeq (M) and culture-based analyses of microalgae from Jeonglyeongchi, Waegok, and Wangdeungjae marsh samples_
| Species | Accession number | Jeonglyeongchi | Waegok | Wangdeungjae | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | CB | M | CB | M | CB | ||
| Achnanthidium daonense | KJ658413 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Achnanthidium digitatum | KX946582 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Achnanthidium minutissimum | MH358459 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Achnanthidium straubianum | KY863467 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Nitzschia acidoclinata | KT072971 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Nitzschia dissipata | AJ867018 | – | – | + | + | – | – |
| Cymbella aspera | KJO11615 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Cymbopleura naviculiformis | AM501997 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Placoneis elginensis | AM501953 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Gomphonema affine | MN197879 | + | – | + | – | – | – |
| Gomphonema cf. | AM502005 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Eunotia sp. | KJ961696 | + | – | + | – | + | – |
| Humidophila australis | KM116120 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Uncultured Halamphora | MK656307 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Halamphora sp. | MG027261 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Pinnunavis sp. | KJ961669 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Navicula sp. | MK177604 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Neidium hitchcockii | KU674393 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Neidium sp. | KU674445 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Pinnularia cf. | JN418569 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Pinnularia microstauron | AM501981 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Pinnularia subgibba | KT072984 | + | – | – | – | – | – |
| Pinnularia viridiformis | AM501985 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Sellaphora cf. | EF151967 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Sellaphora pupula | AJ544653 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Surirella brebissonii | KX120739 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Surirella cf. | KX120782 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Surirella sp. | KX120781 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Amphora copulata | MG027291 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Aulacoseira alpigena | AY569578 | – | – | + | – | + | – |
| Aulacoseira sp. | AY569587 | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Uncultured Chaetoceros | MH023058 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Fragilaria vaucheriae | AM497736 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Tabellaria foecu losa | MH356258 | + | – | + | – | – | – |
| Chlorophyta sp. | MK929233 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Microspora sp. | AF387160 | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Chlamydomonas sp. | MH683856 | – | – | + | + | + | + |
| Chlorococcum sp. | MK954470 | – | – | + | + | – | – |
| Dictyococcus sp. | HM852440 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Bracteacoccus deserticola | JQ259938 | – | – | – | – | + | – |
| Neochloris sp. | AB917132 | + | + | – | – | – | – |
| Scenedesmus sp. | MHO 10849 | – | – | – | – | + | + |
| Asterarcys quadricellulare | MN179327 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| Coccomyxa simplex | MH196858 | + | – | + | – | – | – |
| Chlorella vulgaris | MK652782 | – | – | + | + | + | – |
| Tupiella speciosa | MF000567 | + | – | + | – | – | – |
| Monomastix opisthostigma | FN562445 | – | – | + | – | – | – |
Relative abundance of species in the Jeonglyeongchi, Waegok, and Wangdeungjae samples_
| Taxonomy | Relative abundance (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Species | Jeonglye ongchi | Waegok | Wangdeungjae |
| Annelida | – | Haplotaxida | Enchytraeidae | Mesenchytraeus pelicensis | 0 | 0.05 | 0 |
| Annelida | – | Haplotaxida | Naididae | Dero sp. | 0 | 0.17 | 9.98 |
| Apicomplexa | – | – | – | Apicomplexan Acarus | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Apicomplexa | – | – | Sphaerocystidae | Paraschneideria metamorphosa | 0 | 0.19 | 0 |
| Apicomplexa | Coccidia | Eucoccidiorida | Cryptosporidiidae | Cryptosporidiidae environmental | 0 | 3.09 | 0.93 |
| Apicomplexa | Coccidia | Eucoccidiorida | Eimeriidae | Eimeriidae environmental | 5.43 | 1.11 | 0 |
| Apicomplexa | Coccidia | Eucoccidiorida | Eimeriidae | Eimeria sp. | 0 | 0 | 26.17 |
| Arthropoda | – | Cyclopoida | Cyclopidae | Paracyclops chiltoni | 0 | 0.16 | 0 |
| Arthropoda | Arachnida | – | Anystidae | Anystis sp. | 0 | 0.03 | 0 |
| Arthropoda | Arachnida | – | Hygrobatidae | Hygrobates norvegicus | 5.73 | 0 | 0 |
| Arthropoda | Insecta | Diptera | Chironomidae | Micropsectra sp. | 0.31 | 0 | 0 |
| Arthropoda | Insecta | Diptera | Chironomidae | Monodiamesa sp. | 0 | 0.05 | 0 |
| Arthropoda | Insecta | Diptera | Culicidae | Aedes albopictus | 0 | 34.77 | 0 |
| Ascomycota | – | – | – | Uncultured ascomycete | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Ascomycota | Saccharomycetes | Saccharomycetales | Debaryomycetaceae | [Candida] schatavii | 0.07 | 0 | 0 |
| Ascomycota | Sordariomycetes | – | – | Leptosporella sp. | 0 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Ascomycota | Sordariomycetes | Chaetosphaeriales | Chaetosphaeriaceae | Thozetella pandanicola | 0 | 1.24 | 0 |
| Ascomycota | Sordariomycetes | Diaporthales | Diaporthaceae | Diaporthe amygdali | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Ascomycota | Sordariomycetes | Hypocreales | Nectriaceae | Fusarium oxysporum | 0 | 0.05 | 0 |
| Ascomycota | Sordariomycetes | Xylariales | – | Discosia querci | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | – | Achnanthidium daonense | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | – | Achnanthidium digitatum | 0 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | – | Achnanthidium minutissimum | 0 | 0.25 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | – | Achnanthidium straubianum | 0 | 0.12 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | Bacillariaceae | Nitzschia acidoclinata | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | Bacillariaceae | Nitzschia dissipata | 0 | 0.18 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | Cymbellaceae | Cymbella aspera | 0 | 1.45 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | Cymbellaceae | Cymbopleura naviculiformis | 0 | 0.82 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | Cymbellaceae | Placoneis elginensis | 0 | 0.09 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | Gomphonemataceae | Gomphonema affine | 0.57 | 0.36 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | – | Gomphonemataceae | Gomphonema cf. | 0 | 0.18 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Eunotiales | Eunotiaceae | Eunotia sp. | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.81 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | – | Humidophila australis | 0 | 0.03 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | – | Uncultured Halamphora | 0 | 0.03 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Amphipleuraceae | Halamphora sp. | 0 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Naviculaceae | Pinnunavis sp. | 0 | 0.18 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Naviculaceae | Navicula sp. | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Neidiaceae | Neidium hitchcockii | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Neidiaceae | Neidium sp. | 0 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Pinnulariaceae | Pinnularia cf. | 0 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Pinnulariaceae | Pinnularia microstauron | 0 | 0.51 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Pinnulariaceae | Pinnularia subgibba | 0.34 | 0 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Pinnulariaceae | Pinnularia viridiformis | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Sellaphoraceae | Sellaphora cf. | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Naviculales | Sellaphoraceae | Sellaphora pupula | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Surirellales | – | Surirella brebissonii | 0 | 0.75 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Surirellales | – | Surirella cf. | 0 | 0.08 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Surirellales | – | Surirella sp. | 0 | 0.09 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Bacillariophyceae | Thalassiophysales | Catenulaceae | Amphora copulata | 0 | 0.21 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Coscinodiscophyceae | – | Aulacoseiraceae | Aulacoseira alpigena | 0 | 0.12 | 1.83 |
| Bacillariophyta | Coscinodiscophyceae | – | Aulacoseiraceae | Aulacoseira sp. | 0 | 0 | 7.77 |
| Bacillariophyta | Coscinodiscophyceae | Chaetocerotales | Chaetocerotaceae | Uncultured Chaetoceros | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Fragilariophyceae | Fragilariales | Fragilariaceae | Fragilaria vaucheriae | 0 | 0.29 | 0 |
| Bacillariophyta | Fragilariophyceae | Tabellariales | Tabellariaceae | Tabellaria flocculosa | 0.23 | 0.44 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Agaricomycetes | Agaricales | – | Inocybe spuria | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Agaricomycetes | Polyporales | – | Fibroporia gossypium | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Tremellomycetes | – | – | Holtermanniella nyarrowii | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Tremellomycetes | Cystofilobasidiales | Cystofilobasidiaceae | Cystofilobasidium macerans | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Tremellomycetes | Filobasidiales | – | Solicoccozyma terricola | 0.21 | 0 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Tremellomycetes | Filobasidiales | Filobasidiaceae | Filobasidium magnum | 0.15 | 0 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Tremellomycetes | Tremellales | – | Cryptococcus carnescens | 0.02 | 0 | 0 |
| Basidiomycota | Tremellomycetes | Tremellales | – | Papiliotrema flavescens | 0.03 | 0 0 | |
| Blastocladiomycota | – | – | – | Uncultured Blastocladiomycota | 0 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | – | – | – | Chlorophyta sp. | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | – | Microsporaceae | Microspora sp. | 0 | 0 | 1.24 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | Chlamydomonadales | Chlamydomonadaceae | Chlamydomonas sp. | 0 | 0.05 | 1.24 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | Chlamydomonadales | Chlorococcaceae | Chlorococcum sp. | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | Sphaeropleales | – | Dictyococcus sp. | 0 | 0.08 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | Sphaeropleales | – | Bracteacoccus deserticola | 0 | 0 | 0.09 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | Sphaeropleales | Neochloridaceae | Neochloris sp. | 0.22 | 0 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | Sphaeropleales | Scenedesmaceae | Scenedesmus sp. | 0 | 0 | 1.71 |
| Chlorophyta | Chlorophyceae | Sphaeropleales | Scenedesmaceae | Asterarcys quadricellulare | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | Trebouxiophyceae | – | Coccomyxaceae | Coccomyxa simplex | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | Trebouxiophyceae | Chlorellales | Chlorellaceae | Chlorella vulgaris | 0 | 0.01 | 0.44 |
| Chlorophyta | Ulvophyceae | Ulotrichales | – | Tupiella speciosa | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0 |
| Chlorophyta | prasinophytes | – | – | Monomastix opisthostigma | 0 | 0.05 | 0 |
| Chordata | Amphibia | Caudata | Salamandridae | Cynops pyrrhogaster | 0.05 | 0 | 0 |
| Chordata | Mammalia | Cetacea | Delphinidae | Lagenorhynchus obliquidens | 0 | 0 | 2.45 |
| Chytridiomycota | – | – | – | Uncultured Chytridiomycota | 1.31 | 1.09 | 0.44 |
| Chytridiomycota | – | – | – | Uncultured rhizosphere | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | – | – | Catenomyces sp. | 0 | 0.08 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | – | – | Rhizophlyctis rosea | 0 | 0 | 1.58 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Chytridiales | – | Chytridiales sp. | 0 | 0.41 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Chytridiales | – | Uncultured Chytridiales | 0 | 0.46 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Chytridiales | – | Uncultured Chytriomyces | 0 | 0.23 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Chytridiales | – | Chytriomyces sp. | 0.12 | 0.09 | 10.94 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Chytridiales | – | Obelidium mucronatum | 2.62 | 0.58 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Chytridiales | – | Rhizoclosmatium globosum | 9.07 | 0 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Chytridiales | Chytridiaceae | Chytridiaceae sp. | 0 | 0.11 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Cladochytriales | – | Nowakowskiella elegans | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Cladochytriales | – | Nowakowskiella hemisphaerospora | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Cladochytriales | – | Nowakowskiella multispora | 0 | 1.61 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Cladochytriales | – | Nowakowskiella sp. | 0 | 0.16 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Cladochytriales | Cladochytriaceae | Cladochytrium replicatum | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Cladochytriales | Cladochytriaceae | Cladochytrium tenue | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Rhizophydiales | – | Rhizophydiales sp. | 0 | 0.08 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Rhizophydiales | – | Uebelmesseromyces sp. | 0 | 0.94 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Rhizophydiales | Kappamycetaceae | Kappamyces laurelensis | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Rhizophydiales | Rhizophydiaceae | Rhizophydium planktonicum | 0 | 0 | 0.51 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Rhizophydiales | Rhizophydiaceae | Rhizophydium sphaerotheca | 0 | 2.14 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Chytridiomycetes | Spizellomycetales | – | Fimicolochytrium alabamae | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Monoblepharidomycetes | Monoblepharidales | – | Hyaloraphidium curvatum | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Monoblepharidomycetes | Monoblepharidales | Harpochytriaceae | Harpochytrium sp. | 0 | 0.06 | 0 |
| Chytridiomycota | Monoblepharidomycetes | Monoblepharidales | Oedogoniomycetaceae | Oedogoniomyces sp. | 0 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Eustigmatophyceae | – | – | – | Uncultured eustigmatophyte | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Gastrotricha | – | Chaetonotida | Chaetonotidae | Chaetonotus cf. | 0 | 24.43 | 0 |
| Mollusca | Bivalvia | Veneroida | Sphaeriidae | Pisidium walkeri | 0 | 0.03 | 0 |
| Nematoda | Chromadorea | Monhysterida | Monhysteridae | Eumonhystera cf. | 0.46 | 0 | 22.27 |
| Platyhelminthes | – | Catenulida | Catenulidae | Catenula turgida | 0.07 | 0 | 0 |
| Platyhelminthes | – | Catenulida | Stenostomidae | Stenostomum sp. | 0 | 0.06 | 6.62 |
| Platyhelminthes | – | Rhabdocoela | Typhloplanidae | Phaenocora sp. | 0 | 0.02 | 0 |
| Platyhelminthes | – | Tricladida | Planariidae | Phagocata sibirica | 68.64 | 0 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | – | Brassicales | Brassicaceae | Brassica napus | 0 | 0 | 0.34 |
| Streptophyta | – | Caryophyllales | Polygonaceae | Persicaria virginiana | 1.96 | 0.01 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | – | Ericales | Styracaceae | Styrax americana | 0 | 0.04 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | – | Malpighiales | Salicaceae | Populus trichocarpa | 0 | 2.84 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | – | Piperales | – | Aristolochiaceae environmental | 0.16 | 0 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | Liliopsida | Poales | Poaceae | Stipa narynica | 0 | 15.14 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | Zygnemophyceae | Desmidiales | – | Uncultured Closterium | 0.43 | 0.06 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | Zygnemophyceae | Desmidiales | Closteriaceae | Closterium moniliferum | 0 | 0.21 | 0 |
| Streptophyta | Zygnemophyceae | Desmidiales | Closteriaceae | Closterium venus | 0 | 0 | 0.62 |
| Streptophyta | Zygnemophyceae | Desmidiales | Desmidiaceae | Euastrum affine | 0 | 0 | 2.02 |
| Xanthophyceae | – | – | – | Xanthophyceae sp. | 0 | 0.05 | 0 |
Physicochemical measurements, sequencing results, and ecological diversity analysis of Mount Jiri marsh samples_
| x | Jeonglyeongchi | Waegok | Wangdeungjae | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physico-chemical factors | Temperature (°C) | 12.75 | 16.55 | 22.93 |
| pH | 6.95 | 6.84 | 6.48 | |
| EC (µS/cm) | 32 | 36 | 96 | |
| Salinity (ppt) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| DO (mg/l) | 10.51 | 7.98 | 4.71 | |
| Turbidity (NTU) | 2.51 | 42.30 | 6.26 | |
| TN (mg/l) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | |
| TP (mg/l) | 1.57 ± 0.16 | 0.94 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | |
| Sequencing results | Total reads | 122,953 | 113,853 | 121,392 |
| Validated reads | 98,159 | 80,099 | 22,249 | |
| Mean read length (bp) | 406.28 | 402.63 | 401.70 | |
| Maximum read length (bp) | 419 | 407 | 407 | |
| Number of OTUsa | 243 | 828 | 64 | |
| Diversity indicators | Chao1b | 243.00 | 828.00 | 64.00 |
| Shannonc | 4.84 | 6.36 | 2.97 | |
| Simpsond | 0.91 | 0.94 | 0.75 | |
| Goods Coveragee | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |