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The Composition of Fungal Communities in the Rumen of Gayals (Bos frontalis), Yaks (Bos grunniens), and Yunnan and Tibetan Yellow Cattle (Bos taurs)

Polish Journal of Microbiology
Volume 68 (2019): Issue 4 (January 2019)
By:
Open Access
|Dec 2019

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Venn diagram, rarefaction index, and abundance distribution curves for D, H, M and ZH based on OTUs from cattle breeds, which had ≥ 97% similarity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle. Red line represents D. Blue line represents ZH.Green line represents M. Yellow line represents H.
Venn diagram, rarefaction index, and abundance distribution curves for D, H, M and ZH based on OTUs from cattle breeds, which had ≥ 97% similarity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle. Red line represents D. Blue line represents ZH.Green line represents M. Yellow line represents H.

Fig. 2.

Composition of rumen fungi genera. Others represent the abundance of rumen fungi lower than 1%.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.
Composition of rumen fungi genera. Others represent the abundance of rumen fungi lower than 1%.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.

Fig. 3.

Phylogenetic tree. The tree was based on taxonomic information such as the abundance of all genera and the genera of corresponding OTUs based on taxonomic information from the NCBI database to reflect the diversity and community of rumen fungi of D, H, M, and ZH.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.
Phylogenetic tree. The tree was based on taxonomic information such as the abundance of all genera and the genera of corresponding OTUs based on taxonomic information from the NCBI database to reflect the diversity and community of rumen fungi of D, H, M, and ZH.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.

Fig. 4.

Heatmap formed using the Bray-Curtis algorithm and the complete linkage method. The heatmap-plot describes the relative percentage of each fungal class within each cattle breed. Relative values for the fungal class are indicated by color intensity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.
Heatmap formed using the Bray-Curtis algorithm and the complete linkage method. The heatmap-plot describes the relative percentage of each fungal class within each cattle breed. Relative values for the fungal class are indicated by color intensity.D – gayals; H – Yunnan yellow cattle; M – yaks; ZH – Tibetan yellow cattle.

Fungal classification and the percentage statistics_

Total sequencePhylumSequencesPercentsDominant genus
285092Neocallimastigomycota63 53522.28%Piromyces, Anaeromyces, Cyllamyces, Neocallimastix and Orpionmyces
Basidiomycota6 0302.11%Udeniomyces
Ascomycota2 7400.96%Cladosporium

Diversity index of anaerobic fungal communities among the cattle breeds_

Cattle breedsFeedReads0.97 (level)
OTU0.05AceChaoShannonSimpson
Dweeds64818255a272 (b263, c288)a263 (b258, c276)a2.17 (b2.15, c2.18)a0.3102 (b0.3063, c0.3142)
Hfeed57567166a193 (b180, c220)a191 (b176, c225)a2.78 (b2.76, c2.79)a0.1352 (b0.1332, c0.1372)
Mweeds98550463a487 (b476, c505)a477 (b470, c494)a2.82 (b2.80, c2.83)a0.1622 (b0.1606, c0.1639)
ZHweeds64694441a461 (b452, c477)a451 (b445, c466)a1.74 (b1.72, c1.76)a0.4905 (b0.4858, c 0.4953)

Cattle diet and nutrient levels_

FeedsDietary nutrients (%)
DMCPEENDFADF
Bamboo diet48.10 ± 9.8513.06 ± 1.203.08 ± 0.6972.13 ± 1.5442.76 ± 3.02
Wild grass70.24 ± 0.561.44 ± 0.100.04 ± 0.0230.12 ± 0.1718.83 ± 0.10
Rice bran87.03 ± 0.2212.82 ± 0.1616.53 ± 0.1822.91 ± 0.2113.44 ± 0.52
Corn86.15 ± 0.148.38 ± 0.133.01 ± 0.248.59 ± 0.623.27 ± 0.54
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2019-050 | Journal eISSN: 2544-4646 | Journal ISSN: 1733-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 505 - 514
Submitted on: May 30, 2019
Accepted on: Oct 17, 2019
Published on: Dec 5, 2019
Published by: Polish Society of Microbiologists
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
gayals,
yaks,
Yunnan yellow cattle,
Tibetan yellow cattle,
rumen fungi,
ITS-sequencing
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Microbiology and virology

© 2019 HOUFU WANG, PENGFEI LI, XUCHUAN LIU, CHUNYONG ZHANG, QIONGFEN LU, DONGMEI XI, RENHUI YANG, SHULING WANG, WENSHUN BAI, ZHEN YANG, RONGKANG ZHOU, XIAO CHENG, JING LENG, published by Polish Society of Microbiologists
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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