Cyborgs, Neuroweapons, and Network Command

In this article, we will explore the emerging field of military neurotechnology and the way it challenges the boundaries of war. We will argue that these technologies can be used not only to enhance the cognitive performance of warfighters, but also as a means to exploit artificial intelligence in autonomous and robotic weapons systems. This, however, requires the practice of a collaborative network command and a governing framework of cyborg ethics to secure human control and responsibility in military operations. The discussion of these governing principles adheres to the tradition of military studies. Hence, we do not aim to present a neuroscientific research program. Nor do we wish to embark on technical solutions in disciplines such as artificial intelligence and robotics. Rather, the intention is to make the highly specialized language of these sciences accessible to an audience of military practitioners and policymakers, bringing technological advances and challenges into the discussion of future warfighting.