Diversity in Teams: Perceptions of Team Learning Behaviour in a Military Staff Exercise
By: Soili Paananen, Laura Häyhä and Erik Hedlund
References
- Blomgren, E. (2008).
Is Military Praxis in International Missions Reforming the Profession? In A. Weibull & B. Abrahamsson (Eds.), The Heritage and the Present: From Invasion Defence to Mission Oriented Organisation (pp. 233–242). Karlstad: Swedish National Defence College. - Boud, D., & Hager, P. (2012). Re-thinking Continuing Professional Development through Changing Metaphors and Location in Professional Practices. Studies in Continuing Education, 34(1), 17–30. DOI: 10.1080/0158037X.2011.608656
- Burke, C. S., Priest, H. A., Wooten, S. R.,
II , DiazGranados, D., & Salas, E. (2009).Understanding the Cognitive Processes in Adaptive Multicultural Teams: A Framework . In E. Salas, G. F. Goodwin & C. S. Burke (Eds.), Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-Disciplinary Perpectives and Approaches (pp. 209–240). New York, NY: Routledge. - Cheung, S. Y., Gong, Y., Wang, M., Zhou, L. B., & Shi, J. (2016). When and How Does Functional Diversity Influence Team Innovation? The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing and the Moderation Role of Affect-Based Trust in a Team. Human Relations, 69(7), 1507–1531. DOI: 10.1177/0018726715615684
- Cramton, C. D., & Hinds, P. J. (2014). An Embedded Model of Cultural Adaptation in Global Teams. Organization Science, 25(4), 1056–1081. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2013.0885
- Cronin, M. A., Bezrukova, K., Weingart, L. R., & Tinsley, C. H. (2011). Subgroups within a Team: The Role of Cognitive and Affective Integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32, 831–849. DOI: 10.1002/job.707
- De Coning, C. (2018). Adaptive Peacebuilding. International Affairs, 94(2), 301–317. DOI: 10.1093/ia/iix251
- Detert, J. R., & Edmondson, A. C. (2011). Implicit Voice Theories: Taken-for-Granted Rules of Self-Cencorship at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 54(3), 461–488. DOI: 10.5465/amj.2011.61967925
- Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 350–383. DOI: 10.2307/2666999
- Edmondson, A. C. (2002). The Local and Variegated Nature of Learning in Organizations: A Group-Level Perspective. Organization Science, 13(2), 128–146. DOI: 10.1287/orsc.13.2.128.530
- Edmondson, A. C. (2012a). Teaming: How Organizations Learn, Innovate, and Compete in the Knowledge Economy. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Edmondson, A. C. (2012b). Teamwork on the Fly. Harvard Business Review, 90(4), 72–80. Retrieved from
https://hbr.org/2012/04/teamwork-on-the-fly-2 - Edmondson, A. C., & Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological Safety: The History, Renaissance, and Future of an Interpersonal Construct. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, 23–43. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091305
- Edmondson, A. C., & Roloff, K. S. (2009).
Overcoming Barriers to Collaboration: Psychological Safety and Learning in Diverse Teams . In E. Salas, G. F. Goodwin & C. S. Burke (Eds.), Team Effectiveness in Complex Organizations: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches (pp. 183–208). New York, NY: Routledge. - Edmondson, A. C., & Singer, S. J. (2008). Confronting the Tension between Learning and Performance. The Systems Thinker, 19(1), 2–7. Retrieved from
https://thesystemsthinker.com/confronting-the-tension-between-learning-and-performance/ - Essens, P., Vogelaar, A., Mylle, J., Blendell, C., Paris, C., Halpin, S., & Baranski, J. (2009).
Team Effectiveness in Complex Settings: A Framework . In E. Salas, G. F. Goodwin & C. S. Burke (Eds.), Team Effectiveness in Complex Settings: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives and Approaches (pp. 293–320). New York, NY & Hove: Routledge. - Eyal, B. (2015).
From a Sociology of Units to a Sociology of Combat Formations. Militaries and Cohesion in Urban Combat . In A. King (Ed.), Frontline: Combat and Cohesion in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 73–92). Oxford: Oxford University Press. - Fitzpatrick, N. E. (2009). The Challenges of Modeling and Analyzing Stability Operations. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College. DOI: 10.21236/ADA498588
- Godé-Sanchez, C. (2010). Leveraging Coordination in Project-Based Activites: What Can We Learn from Military Teamwork? Project Management Journal, 41(3), 69–78. DOI: 10.1002/pmj.20178
- Goodman, P. S., Ramanujam, R., Carroll, J. S., Edmondson, A. C., Hofmann, D. A., & Sutcliffe, K. M. (2011). Organizational Errors: Directions for Future Research. Research in Organizational Behavior, 31, 151–176. DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2011.09.003
- Haas, H., & Nüesch, S. (2012). Are Multinational Teams More Successful? International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(15), 3105–3113. DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2011.610948
- Haas, M. R., & Cummings, J. N. (2015). Barriers to Knowledge Seeking within MNC Teams: Which Differences Matter Most? Journal of International Business Studies, 46(1), 36–62. DOI: 10.1057/jibs.2014.37
- Hannes, K., Raes, E., Vangenechten, K., Heyvaert, M., & Dochy, F. (2013). Experiences from Employees with Team Learning in a Vocational Learning or Work Setting: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence. Educational Research Review, 10, 116–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.edurev.2013.10.002
- Hedlund, E. (2017). Team Learning and Leadership in Multinational Military Staff Exercises. Armed Forces & Society, 43(3), 459–477. DOI: 10.1177/0095327X16667088
- Hedlund, E., Börjesson, M., & Österberg, J. (2015). Team Learning in a Multinational Military Staff Exercise. Small Group Research, 46(2), 179–203. DOI: 10.1177/1046496414568462
- Holopainen, M., & Pulkkinen, P. (2008). Tilastolliset menetelmät [Statistical Methods]. Porvoo: WSOY.
- King, A. (2015a).
On Cohesion . In A. King (Ed.), Frontline: Combat and Cohesion in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 3–23). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198719663.003.0001 - King, A. (2015b).
The future of Cohesion . In A. King (Ed.), Frontline: Combat and Cohesion in the Twenty-First Century (pp. 309–323). Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198719663.003.0015 - Kish-Gephart, J. J., Detert, J. R., Trevino, L. K., & Edmondson, A. C. (2009). Silenced by Fear: The Nature, Sources, and Consequences of Fear at Work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 29, 163–193. DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2009.07.002
- Koeslag-Kreunen, M. G. M., Van der Klink, M. R., Van den Bossche, P., & Gijselaers, W. H. (2018). Leadership for Team Learning: The Case of University Teacher Teams. Higher Education, 75(2), 191–207. DOI: 10.1016/j.riob.2009.07.002
- Leung, K., & Wang, J. (2015). Social Processes and Team Creativity in Multicultural Teams: A Socio-Technical Framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 1008–1025. DOI: 10.1002/job.2021
- McChrystal, S., Collins, T., Silverman, D., & Fussell, C. (2015). Team of Teams: New Rules of Engagement for a Complex World. New York: Penguin.
- Melkonian, T., & Picq, T. (2010). Opening the “Black Box” of Collective Competence in Extreme Projects: Lessons from the French Special Forces. Project Management Journal, 41(3), 79–90. DOI: 10.1002/pmj.20181
- Mello, A. L., & Rentsch, J. R. (2015). Cognitive Diversity in Teams: A Multidisciplinary Review. Small Group Research, 46(6), 623–658. DOI: 10.1177/1046496415602558
- Nembhard, I. M., & Edmondson, A. C. (2006). Making it Safe: The Effects of Leader Inclusiveness and Proffessional Status on Psychological Safety and Improvement Efforts in Health Care Teams. Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 27, 941–966. DOI: 10.1002/job.413
- Nummenmaa, L. (2004). Käyttäytymistieteiden tilastolliset menetelmät [Statistical methods in behavioural sciences]. Helsinki: Tammi.
- Ortega, A., Sanchez-Manzanares, F. G., & Rico, R. (2013). Enhancing Team Learning in Nursing Teams through Beliefs about Interpersonal Context. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(1), 102–111. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.05996.x
- Ramthun, A. J., & Matkin, G. S. (2014). Leading Dangerously: A Case Study of Military Teams and Shared Leadership in Dangerous Environments. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(3), 244–256. DOI: 10.1177/1548051814529827
- Savelsbergh, C. M. J. H., Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Poell, R. F. (2010). Attitudes Towards Factors Influencing Team Performance: A Multi-Rater Approach Aimed at Establishing the Relative Importance of Team Learning Behaviors in Comparison with Other Predictors of Team Performance. Team Performance Management, 16(7/8), 451–474. DOI: 10.1108/13527591011090682
- Schaubroeck, J., Carmeli, A., Bhatia, S., & Paz, E. (2016). Enabling Team Learning when Members are Prone to Contentious Communication: The Role of Team Leader Coaching. Human Relations, 69(8), 1709–1727. DOI: 10.1177/0018726715622673
- Sessa, V. I., London, M., Pingor, C., Gullu, B., & Patel, J. (2011). Adaptive, Generative, and Transformative Learning in Project Teams. Team Performance Management, 17(3/4), 146–167. DOI: 10.1108/13527591111143691
- Shemla, M., Meyer, B., Greer, L., & Jehn, K. A. (2016). A Review of Percieved Diversity in Teams: Does How Members Percieve their Team’s Composition Affect Team Processes and Outcomes? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(51), 89–106. DOI: 10.1002/job.1957
- Shemla, M., & Wegge, J. (2019). Managing Diverse Teams by Enhancing Team Identification: The Mediating Role of Perceived Diversity. Human Relations, 72(4), 755–777. DOI: 10.1177/0018726718778101
- Siebold, G. L. (2015). The Misconceived Construct of Task Cohesion. Armed Forces & Society, 41(1), 163–167. DOI: 10.1177/0095327X13496776
- Šimic, G. (2012). Constructive Simulation as a Collaborative Learning Tool in Education and Training of Crisis Staff. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, 7, 221–236. DOI: 10.28945/1749
- Statistics Solutions. (2019). Kruskal-Wallis Test. [Accessed 2019-4-4]. Retrieved from
https://www.statisticssolutions.com/kruskal-wallis-test/ - Tenzer, H., & Pudelko, M. (2015). Leading Across Language Barriers: Managing Language-induced Emotions in Multinational Teams. Leadership Quarterly, 26(4), 606–625. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.05.006
- Valentine, M. A., & Edmondson, A. C. (2014). Team Scaffolds: How Meso-Level Structures Support Role-based Coordination in Temporary Groups [Working paper 12–062]. Retrieved from
https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/12-062_55befe5d-9ecd-4b42-974f-2b5c026e4769.pdf - Van den Bossche, P., Segers, M., & Kirschner, P. A. (2006). Social and Cognitive Factors Driving Teamwork in Collaborative Learning Environments. Small Group Research, 37(5), 490–521. DOI: 10.1177/1046496406292938
- Van den Heuvel, G. (2017).
Information Sharing in Military Organizations: A Sociomaterial Perspective . In I. Goldenberg, J. Soeters & W. H. Dean (Eds.), Information Sharing in Military Operations (pp. 165–182). Cham: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42819-2_11 - Veestraeten, M., Kyndt, E., & Dochy, F. (2014). Investigating Team Learning in a Military Context. Vocations and Learning, 7, 75–100. DOI: 10.1007/s12186-013-9107-3
- Yanakiev, Y., & Markov, Z. (2013).
Interaction with the Military of other Countries . In G. Caforio (Ed.), Soldiers without Frontiers: The View from the Ground. Experiences of Asymmetric Warfare (pp. 161–180). Roma: Bonanno Editore. - Yao, C.-Y., Tsai, C.-C., & Fang, Y.-C. (2015). Understanding Social Capital, Team Learning, Members’ E-loyalty and Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities. Total Quality Management, 26(6), 619–631. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2013.865918
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31374/sjms.6 | Journal eISSN: 2596-3856
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 17
Submitted on: Jun 4, 2018
Accepted on: Nov 29, 2019
Published on: Feb 20, 2020
Published by: Scandinavian Military Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
© 2020 Soili Paananen, Laura Häyhä, Erik Hedlund, published by Scandinavian Military Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.