Figure 1
Team learning model (Edmondson 1999: 357; Hedlund, Börjesson & Österberg 2015: 184–186).
Table 1
Which defence college/university do you come from?
| Frequency | Per cent | Valid per cent | Cumulative per cent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finnish National Defence University | 70 | 49.6 | 49.6 | 49.6 |
| Swedish National Defence University | 71 | 50.4 | 50.4 | 100.0 |
| Total | 141 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Table 2
Age.
| Frequency | Per cent | Valid per cent | Cumulative per cent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30–39 | 96 | 68.1 | 68.1 | 68.1 |
| 40–49 | 40 | 28.4 | 28.4 | 96.5 |
| 50–59 | 5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 100.0 |
| Total | 141 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Table 3
Service.
| Frequency | Per cent | Valid per cent | Cumulative per cent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Army | 74 | 52.5 | 52.5 | 52.5 |
| Air Force | 30 | 21.3 | 21.3 | 73.8 |
| Navy | 30 | 21.3 | 21.3 | 95.0 |
| Others | 1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 99.3 |
| Special ops | 6 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 100.0 |
| Total | 141 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| F17a | We regularly take time to figure out ways to improve our team’s work processes. |
| F17b | This team tends to handle differences of opinion privately off-line, rather than addressing them directly as a group. |
| F17c | Team members go out and get all the information they possibly can from others such as experts or other parts of the organization. |
| F17d | This team frequently seeks new information that leads us to make important changes. |
| F17e | In this team, someone always makes sure that we stop to reflect on the team’s work process. |
| F17f | People in this team often speak up to test assumptions about issues under discussion. |
| F17g | We invite people from outside the team to present information or have discussions with us. |
| F11b | It is easy for this team to obtain expert assistance when something comes up that we don’t know how to handle. |
| F11d | This team lacks access to useful training on the job. |
| F14d | It is safe to take a risk in this team. |
| F15a | The team leader initiates meetings to discuss the team’s progress. |
| F15b | The team leader is available for consultation on problems. |
| F15c | The team leader is an ongoing “presence” in this team – someone who is readily available. |
Table 4
Mann-Whitney U test results for propositions about team learning behaviour (F17a–F17g).
| Proposition | Mann-Whitney U | P |
|---|---|---|
| F17a We regularly take time out to figure out ways to improve our team’s work processes. | 1645.50 | (.000)*** |
| F17d This team frequently seeks new information that leads us to make important changes. | 1897.50 | (.010)** |
| F17e In this team, someone always makes sure that we stop to reflect on the team’s work processes. | 1838.50 | (.010)** |
| F17c Team members go out and get all the information they possibly can from others such as experts or other parts of the organization. | 1902.50 | (.012)** |
| F17b This team tends to handle differences of opinion privately off-line, rather than addressing them directly as a group. | 2096.50 | (.103) |
| F17f People in this team often speak up to test assumptions about issues under discussion. | 2161.0 | (.162) |
| F17g We invite people from outside the team to present information or have discussions with us. | 2392.00 | (.688) |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Table 5
F17a We regularly take time out to figure out ways to improve our team’s work processes. Finnish N = 70, Swedish N = 71.
| Finnish Proposition | Chi square(df) | P | Swedish Proposition | Chi square(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F15a | 11.79(2) | .003** | F15b | 16.14(2) | .000*** |
| F15b | 9.16(2) | .010* | F15c | 15.38(2) | .000*** |
| F14d | 7.54(2) | .023* | F11b | 10.88(2) | .004** |
| F11b | 4.66(2) | .098 | F15a | 3.28(2) | .194 |
| F15c | 4.61(2) | .100 | F14d | 2.97(2) | .227 |
| F11d | 1.88(2) | .391 | F11d | 0.22(2) | .896 |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Table 6
F17b This team tends to handle differences of opinion privately off-line, rather than addressing them directly as a group. Finnish N = 70, Swedish N = 71.
| Finnish Proposition | Chi square(df) | P | Swedish Proposition | Chi square(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F14d | 3.57(2) | .166 | F11b | 5.55(2) | .620 |
| F15a | 1.49(2) | .474 | F11d | 2.60(2) | .272 |
| F15c | 1.22(2) | .542 | F15c | .85(2) | .655 |
| F11b | 1.07(2) | .585 | F15a | .47(2) | .792 |
| F15b | .99(2) | .611 | F15b | .41(2) | .815 |
| F11d | .36(2) | .835 | F14d | .38(2) | .826 |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Table 7
F17c Team learning behaviour: Team members gather all the information they possibly can from others such as experts or other parts of the organization. Finnish N = 70, Swedish N = 71.
| Finnish Proposition | Chi square(df) | P | Swedish Proposition | Chi square(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F15b | 17.52(2) | .000*** | F15b | 10.30(2) | .006** |
| F15a | 13.55(2) | .001*** | F15c | 8.24(2) | .016* |
| F14d | 12.04(2) | .002** | F11b | 6.48(2) | .039* |
| F15c | 9.33(2) | .009** | F15a | 4.66(2) | .097 |
| F11b | 6.82(2) | .033* | F14d | 3.59(2) | .166 |
| F11d | .27(2) | .873 | F11d | .63(2) | .731 |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Table 8
F17d Team learning behaviour: This team frequently seeks new information that leads us to make significant changes. Finnish N = 70, Swedish N = 71.
| Finnish Proposition | Chi square(df) | P | Swedish Proposition | Chi square(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F15a | 17.66(2) | .000*** | F11b | 9.89(2) | .007** |
| F15c | 10.93(2) | .004** | F15c | 9.89(2) | .007** |
| F15b | 10.42(2) | .005** | F15b | 9.10(2) | .011* |
| F11b | 6.59(2) | .037* | F14d | 3.79(2) | .150 |
| F14d | 11.09(2) | .150 | F11d | 1.38(2) | .502 |
| F11d | .05(2) | .974 | F15a | .81(2) | .666 |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Table 9
F17e Team learning behaviour: In this team, someone always makes sure that we stop to reflect on the team’s work processes. Finnish N = 70, Swedish N = 71.
| Finnish Proposition | Chi square(df) | P | Swedish Proposition | Chi square(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F11d | 13.87(2) | .001*** | F15c | 9.66(2) | .008** |
| F15a | 9.16(2) | .010** | F11b | 7.53(2) | .023* |
| F15b | 4.99(2) | .082 | F14d | 6.42(2) | .040* |
| F15c | 2.29(2) | .319 | F15b | 4.82(2) | .090 |
| F14d | 2.17(2) | .339 | F11d | 3.61(2) | .164 |
| F11b | 1.21(2) | .547 | F15a | .73(2) | .695 |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Table 10
F17f Team learning behaviour: People in this team often openly challenge assumptions about issues under discussion. Finnish N = 70, Swedish N = 71.
| Finnish Proposition | Chi square(df) | P | Swedish Proposition | Chi square(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F15a | 7.96(2) | .019* | F11b | 6.72(2) | .035* |
| F11d | 7.34(2) | .026* | F15b | 7.26(2) | .027* |
| F15b | 6.36(2) | .042* | F15c | 8.84(2) | .012* |
| F15c | 5.05(2) | .080 | F14d | 5.41(2) | .067 |
| F14d | 3.05(2) | .218 | F15a | 3.84(2) | .146 |
| F11b | 1.54(2) | .464 | F11d | 1.26(2) | .534 |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.
Table 11
F17g Team learning behaviour: We invite people from outside the team to present information or have discussions with us. Finnish N = 70, Swedish N = 71.
| Finnish Proposition | Chi square(df) | P | Swedish Proposition | Chi square(df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F15a | 7.14(2) | .028* | F11b | 8.54(2) | .014* |
| F11d | 4.93(2) | .085 | F15c | 5.99(2) | .050 |
| F15b | 4.93(2) | .085 | F15a | 2.01(2) | .366 |
| F14d | 4.16(2) | .125 | F14d | 1.81(2) | .404 |
| F11b | 4.05(2) | .132 | F15b | .88(2) | .643 |
| F15c | 2.93(2) | .231 | F11d | .74(2) | .689 |
[i] * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.