Maritime Security and Pathways to Equity for Women in the Gulf of Guinea
References
- Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4(2), 139–158. 10.1177/089124390004002002
- Ahorsu, K., Yaro, D. S., & Attachie, D. (2024). Maritime piracy and its implications on security in the Gulf of Guinea. Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(2), 1–10. 10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.470
- Allotey-Pappoe, S., & Salihu, N. (2023). The impact of maritime crimes on women’s livelihoods in West Africa (Occasional Paper 55). Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre.
- Bennett, E. (2005). Gender, fisheries and development. Marine Policy, 29(5), 451–459. 10.1016/j.marpol.2004.07.003
- BIMCO. (2021). Seafarer workforce report 2021.
https://www.ics-shipping.org/press-release/new-bimco-ics-seafarer-workforce-report-warns-of-serious-potential-officer-shortage/ - Bueger, C. (2015). What is maritime security? Marine Policy, 53, 159–164. 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.005
- Bueger, C., & Edmunds, T. (2024). Understanding maritime security (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780197767146.001.0001
- Butler, J. (2002). Gender trouble. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203902752
- Chambon, M., Miñarro, S., Alvarez Fernandez, S., Porcher, V., Reyes-Garcia, V., Tonalli Drouet, H., & Ziveri, P. (2024). A synthesis of women’s participation in small-scale fisheries management: Why women’s voices matter. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 34(1), 43–63. 10.1007/s11160-023-09806-2
- Chapsos, I., & Norman, E. A. (2023). Is maritime security gender-blind? Marine Policy, 147, 105399. 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105399
- Connell, R. (2013). Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. John Wiley & Sons.
- Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829–859. 10.1177/0891243205278639
- Creighton, M. S., & Norling, L. (1996). Iron men, wooden women: Gender and seafaring in the Atlantic world, 1700–1920. Johns Hopkins University Press.
- de Beauvoir, S. (2012). The second sex (C. Borde & S. Malovany-Chevallier, Trans). Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
- Enloe, C. H. (2014). Bananas, beaches and bases: Making feminist sense of international politics (2nd ed.). University of California Press. 10.1525/9780520957282
- Grimett, L. (2024). The status of women within the maritime sector. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 14(1), 1–35. 10.4236/ajibm.2024.141001
- Hendricks, C. (2017). Progress and challenges in implementing the women, peace and security agenda in the African Union’s peace and security architecture. Africa Development/Afrique et Développement, 42(3), 73–98.
- IMO & WISTA. (2024). Women in maritime survey 2024 [Survey report]. International Maritime Organization.
- Kitada, M. (2013). Code of behaviour at sea: Women seafarers’ shipboard identity management. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 12(2), 213–227. 10.1007/s13437-013-0044-7
- KAIPTC – Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre. (2023). Code of practice on women, peace and security in the maritime space. KAIPTC Design and Production Unit.
- Okafor-Yarwood, I., Pigeon, M., Amling, A., Ridgeway, C., Adewumi, I., & Joubert, L. (2020). Stable seas: Gulf of Guinea. One Earth Future. 10.18289/OEF.2020.043
- Okafor-Yarwood, I., & Van Den Berg, S. (2023). Gender dimensions and dynamics of maritime criminality, response and capacity in West Africa. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.
- Pappa, M. (2021). UNSCR 1325 and maritime security: Advancing women’s empowerment at sea. Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online, 24(1), 137–169. 10.1163/18757413_02401006
- Pike, K., Wadsworth, E., Honebon, S., Broadhurst, E., Zhao, M., & Zhang, P. (2021). Gender in the maritime space: How can the experiences of women seafarers working in the UK shipping industry be improved? Journal of Navigation, 74(6), 1238–1251. 10.1017/S0373463321000473
- Ridgeway, C. L., & Correll, S. J. (2004). Unpacking the gender system: A theoretical perspective on gender beliefs and social relations. Gender & Society, 18(4), 510–531. 10.1177/0891243204265269
- Shepherd, L. J. (2016). Making war safe for women? National Action Plans and the militarisation of the Women, Peace and Security agenda. International Political Science Review, 37(3), 324–335. 10.1177/0192512116629820
- Siebels, D. (2020). Maritime security in East and West Africa: A tale of two regions. Palgrave Macmillan. 10.1007/978-3-030-22688-6
- Streiffert Eikeland, K. (2023). Female presence in maritime settings: Trade and warfare. Journal of Maritime Archaeology, 18(2), 129–163. 10.1007/s11457-023-09355-6
- United Nations Security Council. (2000, October 31). Resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security.
https://undocs.org/S/RES/1325(2000) - UN Women. (2025). Women, peace and security national action plans overview.
https://1325naps.peacewomen.org/index.php/nap-overview/ - West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1(2), 125–151. 10.1177/0891243287001002002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31374/sjms.409 | Journal eISSN: 2596-3856
Language: English
Page range: 323 - 335
Submitted on: Mar 28, 2025
Accepted on: Apr 20, 2026
Published on: Jun 22, 2026
Published by: Scandinavian Military Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
© 2026 Afua Agyeiwaa Lamptey, Elsie Amelia Tachie-Menson, published by Scandinavian Military Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.