Table 1
The politico-administrative public values theoretical framework (drawing on Hood [1991] and Hood & Jackson [1991]).
| SECURITY/RESILIENCE | FAIRNESS/HONESTY | FRUGALITY/PARSIMONY | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Service reliability, robustness, adaptivity. | Accountability, equity, and legitimacy. | Lean economy, resource efficiency, clear target objectives/goals. |
| Input/process | Steadfast in the face of challenges and uncertainties, problem-solving and seeking out creative approaches to public service delivery. | Transparency in decision-making, ensuring accessible services, being responsive to public needs and fair to all members of society. | Achieving objectives efficient-ly, enabling best use of available resources, emphasi-zing lean management and frugal, i.e., responsible and cost-effective aspects of public resource use. |
| Output/results | Navigation in uncertain environments, need for public servants to continuously improve public work and services, paying attention to input, process and risk. | Championing impartiality in public administration and keeping processes rulebound, thus making them legitimate enough to uphold legitimacy. | Focus on cost-cutting, downsizing and prioritizing output in terms of doing more for less. |