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The Relationship Between Civilian and Military Leaders in Norway – Gap or Convergence? Cover

The Relationship Between Civilian and Military Leaders in Norway – Gap or Convergence?

Open Access
|Oct 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Elite trust in various institutions 2015.

Note. This figure is also presented in Gulbrandsen, 2019.

Figure 2

The military elite’s trust in other institutions 2015.

Figure 3

Other elite groups’ trust in the military services 2015.

Table 1

Military leaders’ trust in politicians. OLS regression.

INTERCEPT6.097 (0.542)***
Class background (compared with working- class origin)
Upper class1.584 (0.525)***
Upper middle class0.245 (0.447)
Lower middle class0.998 (0.649)
Voted in the 2013 Parliamentary election
(compared to all other parties)
The Conservative Party or the Progress Party
–1.991 (0.492)***
Worked abroad at least one year1.255 (0.417)***
R2 (adj.)0.26
N63

[i] Note. *** indicates significance at the 1% level. Source: Norwegian Leadership Study 2015.

Figure 4

Elites’ voting in the 2013 parliamentary election (percentages).

Figure 5

Opinions about the center-periphery issue 2000.

Note. Also presented in Gulbrandsen et al. (2002).

Table 2

Support for rural areas, 2015.

ELITES IN SELECTED INSTITUTIONSCENTRAL AUTHORITIES PAY TOO LITTLE (VALUE 0) VERSUS TOO MUCH ATTENTION (VALUE 10) TO THE NEEDS AND INTERESTS OF “RURAL NORWAY”.N
Church leaders4.1113
Top leaders in universities and research institutes4.8150
Leaders in cultural organizations4.8114
Politicians5.0141
Leaders in mass media5.285
Organizations5.3167
Judges and police chiefs5.480
Senior civil servants5.9185
Business leaders6.0241
Military leaders6.171

[i] Source: The Norwegian Leadership Study 2015.

Figure 6

Support for a society which emphasizes Christian values (percentages).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31374/sjms.292 | Journal eISSN: 2596-3856
Language: English
Page range: 401 - 415
Submitted on: May 21, 2024
Accepted on: Sep 24, 2025
Published on: Oct 24, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Trygve Gulbrandsen, published by Scandinavian Military Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.