| Seminar games | Seminar games are moderated discussions between people in a common context/scenario. Typically: • They have a free form. • They are exploratory. • They have open information. Seminar games are particularly useful for supporting creativity and exploration. Adjudication is usually less rigid, but sufficient to drive the course of events forward. The adjudication can be performed by an umpire or by consensus among the players. |
| Matrix games | Matrix games have a stronger roleplaying aspect than seminar games and generally use more formal adjudication rules. In a typical matrix game, the different roles will develop and present their preferred CoA and provide supporting arguments for it. The other roles will try to come up with counter arguments. Adjudication is performed by umpires that assess the pros and cons of the arguments, and decide on a probability for the CoA to be successful. The outcome is decided by rolling dice. Matrix games are suitable, for example, for exploring different courses of events within one scenario context. |
| Kriegsspiel | Kriegsspiel are more formal wargames with an increased level of detail and rigor compared to seminar and matrix games. They typically have a more realistic representation of the conflict with more detailed scenarios and representation of the environment. |
Figure 1
Roles played in Games 2–4.