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Is there a relationship between human development and dependence on fisheries? Cover

Is there a relationship between human development and dependence on fisheries?

Open Access
|Jun 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

HDI dimensions and indicators (https://hdr.undp.org)
HDI dimensions and indicators (https://hdr.undp.org)

Figure 2

Hierarchical representation of fisheries context dependency as a percentage, by groups
Hierarchical representation of fisheries context dependency as a percentage, by groups

Figure 3

Cross-hierarchical clustering of importance of components with groups of countries
Cross-hierarchical clustering of importance of components with groups of countries

Figure 4

Predictor effect plots of HDI against the export value, import value, export amount (tonnes) and import amount (tonnes)
Predictor effect plots of HDI against the export value, import value, export amount (tonnes) and import amount (tonnes)

Three countries that have the highest share of each component in the world ranking according to HDI groups

 Aquaculture Production (%)Catch Production (%)
Country contribution to world (%)P %Country contribution to world (%)P %
LDCNigeria (0.26)Uganda (0.09)Tanzania (0.01)0.42Mauritania (1.0)Nigeria (0.94)Senegal (0.52)5.08
MDCIndia (6.36)Bangladesh (2.16)Myanmar (1.01)10.33India (5.71)Myanmar (2.17)Bangladesh (1.99)15.28
HDCChina (59.54)Indonesia (13.26)Vietnam (3.74)82.96China (15.84)Indonesia (7.76)Peru (7.70)46.52
VHDC-IChile (1.16)Malaysia (0.35)Turkey (0.28)2.50Russia (5.47)Chile (2.53)Malaysia (1.56)13.30
VHDC-IINorway (1.22)Japan (0.93)USA (0.42)3.79USA (5.72)Japan (3.42)Norway (2.85)19.83
 Total Fisheries Export (%)Total Fisheries Import (%)
Country contribution to world (%)P %Country contribution to world (%)P %
LDCMauritania (1.74)Senegal (0.56)Tanzania (0.12)2.72Nigeria (1.47)Benin (0.30)Mozambique (0.26)2.69
MDCIndia (3.15)Morocco (1.57)Myanmar (1.23)8.54Ghana (1.00)Morocco (0.28)Cameroon (0.54)3.68
HDCChina (9.33)Vietnam (3.77)Peru (3.51)27.39China (14.63)Thailand (5.98)Vietnam (1.53)32.31
VHDC-IRussia (5.11)Chile (3.04)Argentina (1.05)15.30Italy (3.20)Poland (1.74)Portugal (1.47)16.72
VHDC-IIUK (17.82)Norway (5.98)USA (3.46)46.04USA (8.12)Japan (6.66)Spain (4.96)44.60
 Total Fisheries Export Value (%)Total Fisheries Import Value (%)
Country contribution to world (%)P %Country contribution to world (%)P %
LDCMauritania (0.80)Senegal (0.31)Tanzania (0.13)1.62Nigeria (0.55)Benin (0.07)Mozambique (0.05)0.91
MDCIndia (4.28)Morocco (1.45)Namibia (0.47)8.19Ghana (0.19)Morocco (0.16)Cameroon (0.16)1.27
HDCChina (13.47)Vietnam (5.50)Thailand (3.75)35.65China (9.81)Thailand (2.69)Vietnam (1.22)19.14
VHDC-IChile (4.27)Russia (3.27)Poland (1.56)16.04Italy (4.69)Poland (1.71)Portugal (1.70)15.38
VHDC-IINorway (7.40)USA (3.79)Netherlands (3.50)38.49USA (15.80)Japan (10.37)Spain (5.70)63.30
 Fish Consumption per capita/year (kg)Processed Fish (%)
Fish Consumption (kg)P %Country contribution to world (%)P %
LDCGambia (27.53)Sierra L. (26.3)Senegal (18.09)7.76Mauritania (1.49)Nigeria (0.27)Yemen (0.24)2.92
MDCKiribati (76.69)Myanmar (47.32)Cambodia (42.69)16.16India (3.65)Myanmar (1.91)Morocco (1.21)9.57
HDCMaldives (90.41)Antique B. (52.54)Indonesia (44.67)27.53China (28.70)Vietnam (4.27)Thailand (3.85)49.76
VHDC-IMalaysia (57.62)Portugal (56.84)Barbados(39.97)23.77Russia (8.74)Chile (2.21)Poland (1.20)15.48
VHDC-IIIceland (90.71)Honk Kong (70.75)Norway (51.35)24.78Japan (5.74)USA (3.90)Norway (3.31)22.27

The components of fisheries context

Catch Production (tonnes)Fisheries Export Value (USD)
Aquaculture Production (tonnes)Fisheries Import Value (USD)
Total Fisheries Export (tonnes)Fish Consumption Per capita (kg)
Total Fisheries Import (tonnes) 
Processed Fisheries products (tonnes) 

Classification of 145 countries according to HDI class ranges (NoC: Number of Countries, and CV: Coefficient of Variation in terms of HDI)

GroupHDI class rangeNoCCV (%)
Low Developed Countries (LDC)HDI < 0.550238.60
Medium Developed Countries (MDC)0.550 ≤ HDI < 0.699246.85
High Developed Countries (MDC)0.699 ≤ HDI < 0.800413.69
Very High Developed Countries-I (VHDC-I)0.80 ≤ HDI < 0.900353.84
Very High Developed Countries-II (VHDC-II)HDI ≥ 0.90221.72

Some descriptive statistics (mean, coefficient of variation-CV, percent-P) of fisheries context’s components and their degree of importance (Imp, %) by Human Development Index groups

 Aquaculture Production (tonnes)Catch Production (tonnes)
MeanCV %P %Imp-%MeanCV %P %Imp-%
LDC20115.243.130.4214.00206594.101.305.0811.00
MDC478127.413.1410.3314.00595915.901.9515.2816.00
HDC2247422.064.6782.9613.001062218.502.5946.5216.00
VHDC-I79255.102.882.509.00355686.002.6813.308.00
VHDC-II191522.111.833.797.00843966.701.5519.838.00
 Total Fisheries Export (tonnes)Total Fisheries Import (tonnes)
MeanCV %P %Imp-%MeanCV %P %Imp-%
LDC53894.963.142.7212.0041574.132.612.6917.00
MDC162050.042.038.5416.0054631.961.503.6812.00
HDC304151.022.5727.3921.00280627.323.0832.3110.00
VHDC-I199055.602.2415.3018.00170117.911.4016.7215.00
VHDC-II952896.181.8246.049.00721989.271.0944.6021.00
 Total Fisheries Export Value (USD)Total Fisheries Import Value (USD)
MeanCV %P %Imp-%MeanCV %P %Imp-%
LDC114511.302.491.6212.0060152.432.830.9114.00
MDC553291.402.628.1916.0080216.421.101.2715.00
HDC1410411.002.7035.6515.00707020.883.3619.1410.00
VHDC-I743286.401.9816.0412.00665587.631.9615.3816.00
VHDC-II2837831.001.0338.4912.004357689.911.3163.3026.00
 Fish Consumption per capita/year (kg)Processed Fish (kg)
MeanCV %P %Imp-%MeanCV %P %Imp-%
LDC9.390.767.7617.0087801.152.242.923.00
MDC18.730.9716.167.00303317.161.809.574.00
HDC18.670.9327.5312.001109561.373.0049.763.00
VHDC-I18.890.7023.7713.00310780.533.1415.489.00
VHDC-II31.330.6124.7815.00638522.001.4222.272.00

Cross-correlations between fisheries context components_ The lower triangle shows correlation values, and the upper triangle shows p values at 95% confidence level based on the pairwise two-sided t-test

FactorCatchAquacultureExportImportProcessed FishExport ValueImport ValueConsumption
Catch 0.000.000.000.000.000.000.01
Aquaculture0.79 0.000.000.000.000.020.12
Export0.560.41 0.000.000.000.000.03
Import0.690.680.54 0.000.000.000.00
Processed Fish0.890.910.540.79 0.000.000.03
Export Value0.810.720.680.760.84 0.000.00
Import Value0.520.390.430.870.540.56 0.00
Consumption0.230.130.180.250.200.260.23 
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.2.09 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
Language: English
Page range: 245 - 257
Submitted on: Sep 26, 2022
Accepted on: Jan 17, 2023
Published on: Jun 28, 2023
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2023 Mehmet Fatih Can, Yavuz Mazlum, Birol Erkan, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.