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Element-based ecological and human health risk assessment in a lagoon system in a densely populated basin Cover

Element-based ecological and human health risk assessment in a lagoon system in a densely populated basin

Open Access
|Mar 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Location and land use map of the study area
Location and land use map of the study area

Figure 2

Sediment sampling points
Sediment sampling points

Figure 3

Spatial analysis of TOC, Chl-a, CO3−2 and metal content
Spatial analysis of TOC, Chl-a, CO3−2 and metal content

Figure 4

Spatial analysis of EF
Spatial analysis of EF

Figure 5

Temporal variation of EF levels of elements in Poyraz Lagoon
Temporal variation of EF levels of elements in Poyraz Lagoon

Figure 6

Spatial analysis of mER and mPER
Spatial analysis of mER and mPER

Figure 7

Temporal variation of mER and mPER in Poyraz Lagoon
Temporal variation of mER and mPER in Poyraz Lagoon

Figure 8

Spatial analysis of MHQ, ECI, CSI and TRI
Spatial analysis of MHQ, ECI, CSI and TRI

Comparing different wetlands based on selected PTE concentrations

LocationCuPbZnNiCoMnFeAsCdCrAlHgReference
Dalyan L. (Turkey)32.5153.12109.02123.1818.496972972727.270.27121.97198720.081This study
S.Moussa L.(Morocco)30.40 49.8029.10 28000 96.9067800 Maanan et al. 2004
Homa L. (Turkey)18.5110.497185.10 56223272 0.10103270810.33Uluturhan et al. 2011
Chilka L. (India)504142106 31442000 37 Panda et al. 1995
Berre L (France)3141.70120 0.2358.70 Arienzo et al. 2013
Nador L. (Morocco)39.8037.1195.8025.8014.00577 11.400.3057 González et al. 2007

Distribution of HI according to sampling points

ST.CuPbZnNiMnFeAsCdCrAlHg
10.00110.06110.00050.01650.00930.06220.15040.00040.06140.02680.0005
20.00140.03160.00060.01800.00910.06980.16350.00050.06920.03280.0006
30.00130.03030.00060.01800.00900.06940.13010.00050.06170.03310.0005
40.00130.02710.00060.01690.00960.06540.13900.00040.06170.03010.0005
50.00100.02170.00050.01540.00800.05960.13320.00040.05170.02540.0004
60.00130.02200.00060.01730.00810.06690.13060.00050.06210.03130.0004
70.00130.02200.00050.01690.00720.06670.13320.00040.05740.03040.0005
80.00140.02390.00050.01770.00820.07100.14370.00030.05890.03380.0004
90.00150.02620.00060.01930.00780.07590.13840.00050.06650.04170.0005
100.00120.02020.00040.02070.00700.07500.28260.00050.04810.02650.0003
110.00130.02030.00050.01760.00730.06960.13010.00030.06030.03310.0004
120.00060.01560.00020.01340.00410.03920.11070.00010.04100.01680.0003
130.00070.01550.00030.01280.00570.04390.07420.00020.04140.01820.0004
140.00130.01730.00060.01810.00780.06980.11390.00050.06560.03350.0005
150.00140.01840.00060.01890.00800.07160.12280.00040.06590.03540.0005
160.00150.01910.00080.01980.00790.07590.13580.00050.07610.03810.0001
170.00140.01630.00070.01810.00630.06760.14310.00050.07320.03280.0005
180.00180.01960.00120.02050.01020.07840.18910.00060.12460.04090.0006

Distribution of LCR by sampling points

StationPbNiAsCdCr
19.E-062.E-047.E-056.E-069.E-05
25.E-062.E-047.E-058.E-061.E-04
34.E-062.E-046.E-057.E--069.E-05
44.E-062.E-046.E-056.E-069.E-05
53.E-062.E-046.E-056.E-068.E-05
63.E-062.E-046.E-057.E-069.E-05
73.E-062.E-046.E-056.E-069.E-05
84.E-062.E-046.E-055.E-069.E-05
94.E-062.E-046.E-058.E-061.E-04
103.E-062.E-041.E-048.E-067.E-05
113.E-062.E-046.E-055.E-069.E-05
122.E-061.E-045.E-052.E-066.E-05
132.E-061.E-043.E-052.E-066.E-05
143.E-062.E-045.E-057.E-061.E-04
153.E-062.E-046.E-056.E--061.E-04
163.E-062.E-046.E-057.E-061.E-04
172.E-062.E-046.E-057.E-061.E-04
183.E-062.E-049.E-059.E-062.E-04

Minimum, maximum and mean concentrations of the variables

(ppm)MoCuPbZnNiCoMnFeAsCdCrAlHgTlTOC (%)CDP (μg gr−1)CO3−2 (%)
Min0.5416.8334.7443.8089.1013.353631750021.200.1078.40107000.0520.220.1610.002.00
Max2.9946.56136.42230.60146.8023.009113500054.100.40238.50261000.1150.425.71121.2523.19
Mean1.0432.5580.74108.00122.8118.408042998930.000.28120.50196260.0850.352.6942.107.09

Spearman correlation analysis

MoCuPbZnNiCoMnFeAsCdCrAlTlHgPTOCChl-aCO3−2
Mo
Cu0.03
Pb−0.020.04
Zn−0.180.890.00
Ni0.460.880.000.69
Co0.570.800.120.560.95
Mn−0.180.690.510.670.520.57
Fe0.520.22−0.14−0.150.450.47−0.12
As0.790.380.120.250.660.770.270.16
Cd0.270.860.150.740.870.860.690.140.64
Cr−0.190.830.010.990.630.490.62−0.240.240.69
Al−0.23−0.08−0.33−0.13−0.12−0.22−0.290.44−0.49−0.39−0.18
Tl−0.030.950.060.780.800.710.640.290.250.770.69−0.04
Hg−0.300.740.300.770.500.410.640.030.000.630.740.040.69
P−0.310.890.120.920.620.530.76−0.030.080.720.87−0.030.860.87
TOC0.500.40−0.14−0.320.570.48−0.010.360.350.340.36−0.090.360.220.27
Chl-a−0.050.530.260.340.400.390.430.250.040.410.31−0.340.580.400.430.09
CO3−2−0.08−0.52−0.250.35−0.57−0.53−0.43−0.14−0.37−0.49−0.290.26−0.56−0.16−0.29−0.01−0.50

Principal component analysis

PTEsComp. 1Comp. 2Comp. 3Comp. 4
Mo−0.0420.5420.047−0.090
Cu−0.331−0.037−0.1190.026
Pb−0.061−0.0810.4560.282
Zn−0.297−0.185−0.087−0.245
Ni0.3070.213−0.1020.006
Co−0.2890.2710.0090.041
Mn−0.258−0.1760.2360.098
Fe−0.0610.330−0.3660.460
As−0.1670.3910.246−0.231
Cd0.3120.0800.092−0.089
Cr−0.279−0.198−0.056−0.310
Al0.0834−0.079−0.5680.221
Tl−0.308−0.054−0.1380.165
Hg−0.252−0.253−0.1090.031
P−0.293−0.246−0.117−0.047
CO3−20.188−0.075−0.217−0.347
Chl-a−0.185−0.0490.1270.448
TOC−0.1460.249−0.248−0.260
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26881/oahs-2023.1.01 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 19
Submitted on: Sep 5, 2022
Accepted on: Nov 21, 2022
Published on: Mar 18, 2023
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2023 Dilek Aykir, Şakir Fural, Serkan Kükrer, Yunus Emre Mutlu, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.