Classification of European Union Countries in the Context of E-government: a Cluster Analysis

Jiří Slezák

doi:10.25142/aak.2023.015

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Classification of European Union Countries in the Context of E-government: a Cluster Analysis

Acta academica karviniensia

Volume 23 (2023): Issue 2 (December 2023)

By: Jiří Slezák

Open Access

|May 2026

Abstract

E-government is currently a term that has been resonating in the public space for several years, which is why a lot of attention is being paid to it. Some states of the European Union are doing better, and some are worse in this area. Given this trend, all states must increase their efforts towards more effective e-government. The article aims to create clusters of European Union states in 2020 and 2022 according to their level of e-government. The sample consists of 27 states of the European Union, and the indicators used include the E-Government Development Index, E-participation index, Online service index, Telecommunication Infrastructure Index, and Human capital index. In addition, the objective of the article is achieved through correlation and cluster analysis. The countries of the European Union were divided into six clusters in 2020 and 2022. The best cluster in both years includes Finland, Estonia, the Netherlands, Denmark, and Sweden, while the worst countries include, for example, Bulgaria and Romania. In general, the countries that were the best/worst in 2020 are also the best/worst in 2022.

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