Abstract
In Germany, the structural shift away from industry has long been much slower than in other similarly developed countries. Now, it is increasingly being shaped by global megatrends such as digitisation, decarbonisation, demographic change and changing international economic relations. There are significant regional differences in the adaptation processes: urban areas benefit from innovation density and infrastructure, while rural regions struggle with structural deficits. Even regions that were once economically stable are coming under increasing pressure. This necessitates a differentiated, future-oriented structural policy that strengthens regional innovation, promotes qualification and builds infrastructure across the board.