Abstract
The German residential building stock is only insufficiently retrofitted in terms of energy efficiency; heating is very dependent on fossil fuels and renovation activity has remained too low for years. Now, the energy crisis means enormous vulnerability and financial burden, especially for low-income households and tenants. Various investment barriers result in these households being significantly disadvantaged in the provision of energy efficiency technologies. In particular, market failures, structural investment barriers and the systematic misperception of energy cost savings affect tenants and low-income households more often.