Possibilities of utilizing the solid by-products of biodiesel production - a review

Elżbieta Gąsiorek; Marta Wilk

doi:10.2478/v10026-011-0012-y

Abstract

As a consequence of the intended rise in the volume of the biodiesel produced by the member states of the European Union, predominantly from rapeseeds and sunflower seeds, the quantity of the by-products being generated, e.g. glycerol, rapeseed/sunflower seed straw and rapeseed/sunflower seed meal, will increase dramatically. It is therefore recommendable to find effective methods for their processing or utilization in order to reduce the costs of biodiesel production without polluting the environment by excessive wastes. As the utilization of glycerol has often been addressed in the literature¹, the aim of our study is to describe the potentiality for utilizing the solid by-products of biodiesel production, namely rapeseed/sunflower straw and rapeseed/ sunflower seed meal.

References

Rymowicz, W. (2006). Utilization of raw materials from biofuels production. In the expertise "Applicability of agricultural wastes in production of useful chemical substances in green chemistry and white technology processes - assessment of potential scientific research and implementation, 5-17 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Jessup, R. W. (2009). Development and status of dedicated energy crops in the United States. In vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 45(3), 282-290, DOI:10.1007/s11627-009-9221-y.10.1007/s11627-009-9221-y
Search in Google Scholar
Randelli, F. (2009). An integrated analysis of production costs and net energy balance biofuels. Regional Environmental Change 9(3), 221-229, DOI:10.1007/s10113-008-0055-7.10.1007/s10113-008-0055-7
Search in Google Scholar
Angelidaki, I., Kongjan, P. & Thomsen, A. (2007). Biorefinery for sustainable biofuel production from energy crops: conversion of lignocellulose to bioethanol, biohydrogen and biomethane. AD 11 Conference in Australia, 22 September.
Search in Google Scholar
Canakci, M. & Sanli, H. (2008). Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties. J Ind. Microbiol Biotechnol 35(5), 431-441, DOI:10.1007/s10295-008-0337-6.10.1007/s10295-008-0337-6
Search in Google Scholar
Moser, B. (2009). Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks. In vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 45(3), 229-266, DOI:10.1007/s11627-009-9204-z.10.1007/s11627-009-9204-z
Search in Google Scholar
Demirbas, A. (2007). Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel. Energy Policy 35(9), 4661-4670, DOI:10.1016/j.enpol.2007.04.003.10.1016/j.enpol.2007.04.003
Search in Google Scholar
Markowska, J. (2007). Biomass and biofuels market in Poland. Przemysł Spożywczy 7, 19-21 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Abdelhamid, M. T., Horiuchi, T. & Oba, S. (2004). Composting of rice straw with oilseed rape cake and poultry manure and its effects on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) growth and soil properties. Bioresource Technol. 93(2), 183-189, DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.012.10.1016/j.biortech.2003.10.012
Search in Google Scholar
Demirbas, A. (2005). Potential applications of renewable energy sources, biomass combustion problems in boiler power systems and combustion related environmental issues. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 31(2), 171-192, DOI:10.1016/j.pecs.2005.02.002.10.1016/j.pecs.2005.02.002
Search in Google Scholar
Nielsen, C. (1995). Utilisation of straw and similar agricultural residues. Biomass and Bioenergy, 9(1-5), 315-323, DOI:10.1016/0961-9534(95)00099-2.10.1016/0961-9534(95)00099-2
Search in Google Scholar
Paukszta, D. (2006). Chemical composition of the lignified part of the rape straw stem. Zeszyty Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin w Radzikowie, Zeszyt 1, 143-150 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Van de Velde, K. & Kiekens, P. (2001). Thermoplastic pultrusion of natural fibre reinforced composites. Composite Structures 54(2-3), 355-360, DOI:10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00110-6.10.1016/S0263-8223(01)00110-6
Search in Google Scholar
Kijeńska, M. (2008). Prospects for the use of economic plants wastes as thermoplastic polymer fillers. Chemik 4, 167-172 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Lu, X., Zhang, Y. & Angelidaki, I. (2009). Opimization of H₂SO₄-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment of rapeseed straw for bioconversion to ethanol: Focusing on pretreatment at high solids content. Bioresource Technol. 100, 3048-3053, DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.008.10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.00819268577
Search in Google Scholar
McKendry, P. (2001). Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresource Technol. 83(1), 37-46, DOI:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00118-3.10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00118-3
Search in Google Scholar
Paul, D. (1986). Morphological changes of rape seed straw after sulfate pulping. Cell. Chem. Technol. 20, 429-439.
Search in Google Scholar
Papatheofanous, M. G., Koullas, D. P., Koukios, E. G., Fuglsang, H., Schade, J. R. & Lofqvist, B. (1995). Biorefining of agricultural crops and residues: effect of pilot-plant fractionation on properties of fibrous fractions. Biomass and Bioenergy 8(6), 419-426, DOI:10.1016/0961-9534(95)00040-2.10.1016/0961-9534(95)00040-2
Search in Google Scholar
Diaz, M., Cara, C., Ruiz, E. & Romero, I. (2010). Hydrothermal pre-treatment of rapessed straw. Bioresource Technol. 101(7), 2428-2435, DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.085.10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.085
Search in Google Scholar
Karakashev, D., Thomsen, A. B. & Angelidaki, A. (2007). Anaerobic biotechnological approaches for production of liquid energy carriers from biomass. Biotechnol. Lett. 29(7), 1005-1012, DOI:10.1007/s10529-007-9360-3.10.1007/s10529-007-9360-3
Search in Google Scholar
Ballesteros, M., Oliva, J. M. & Negro, M. J. (2004). Ethanol from lignocellulosic materials by a saccharification and fermentation process with Kluyveromyces marxianum CECT 10875. Process Biochem. 39, 1843-1848, DOI:10.1016/j.procbio.2003.09.011.10.1016/j.procbio.2003.09.011
Search in Google Scholar
Kadar, Zs., Szengyel, Zs. & Reczey, K. (2004). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of industrial wastes for the production of ethanol. Industrial Crops and Products 20(1), 103-110, DOI:10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.015.10.1016/j.indcrop.2003.12.015
Search in Google Scholar
Karaosmanoglu, F. & Tetik, E. (1999). Charcoal from Pyrolysis of Rapeseed Plant Straw-Stalk. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effect 6(21), 503-510.
Search in Google Scholar
Wojtatowicz, M. (2006). Utilization of distillery effluents and other agricultural wastes. In the expertise "Applicability of agricultural wastes in production of useful chemical substances in green chemistry and white technology processes - assessment of potential scientific research and implementation", 18-26 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Witkowska, D. (1994). Protein production using enzymatic hydrolisates of rape straw. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej we Wrocławiu, Technologia żywności VII (244), 199-205 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Demirbas, A. (2008). Heavy metal adsorption onto agro based waste materials: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1-24, DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.024.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.024
Search in Google Scholar
Ramachandran, S., Singh, S. K., Kumar, S., Larroche, C., Kumar., Soccol, C. R. & Pandey, A. (2007). Oil cakes and their biotechnological applications - A review. Bioresource Technol. 98(10), 2000-2009, DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.08.002.10.1016/j.biortech.2006.08.002
Search in Google Scholar
Antoszkiewicz, Z. (2001). Nutritional value of sunflower seed meal used for the feeding of growing pigs. Doctoral dissertation, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski, Olsztyn (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Schoene, F., Kirchheim, U., Schumann, W. & Ludke, H. (1996). Apparent digestibility of high-fat rapeseed press cake in growing pigs and effects on feed intake, growth and weidh of thyroid and liver. Animal Feed Sci. Technol. 62(2-4), 97-110.10.1016/S0377-8401(96)00993-5
Search in Google Scholar
Bautista, J., Parrado, J. & Machado, A. (1990). Composition and fractionation of sunflower meal: use of the ligno-cellulosic fraction as substrate in solid-state fermentation. Biol. Waste 32, 225-233, DOI:10.1016/0269-7483(90)90051-S.10.1016/0269-7483(90)90051-S
Search in Google Scholar
Nilsson, L. J., Pisarek, M., Buriak, J., Oniszk-Popławska A., Bućko, P. P., Ericsson, K. & Jaworski, Ł. (2006). Energy policy and the role of bioenergy in Poland. Energy policy 34(15), 2263-2278, DOI:10.1016/j.enpol.2005.03.011.10.1016/j.enpol.2005.03.011
Search in Google Scholar
Korytkowski, J. A. & Inowolski, A. (2007). A complex system for biofuel production from rapeseed oil as a renewable energy source Przemysł Chem. 86 (3), 195-199 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
Yorgun, S., Senzos, S. & Kackar, O. M. (2001). Flash pyrolysis of sunflower oil cake for production of liquid fuels. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 60, 1-12, DOI:10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00102-9.10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00102-9
Search in Google Scholar
Ucar, S. & Ozkan, A. R. (2008). Characterization of products from pyrolysis of rapeseed oil cake. Bioresource Technol. 99(18), 8771-87, DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.040.10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.040
Search in Google Scholar
Ohlson, R. & Anjou, K. (1979). Rapeseed protein products. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 56, 431-437.10.1007/BF02671531
Search in Google Scholar
Xu, L. & Diosady, L. L. (2000). Interactions between canola proteins and phenolic compounds in aqueous media. Food Research International 33, 725-731, DOI:10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00062-4.10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00062-4
Search in Google Scholar
Naczk, M., Amarowicz, R., Sullivan, A. & Shahidi, F. (1997). Current research developments on polyphenolics of rapeseed/canola: a review. Food Chemistry 62(4), 489-502, DOI:10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00198-2.10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00198-2
Search in Google Scholar
Thiyam, U., Kuhlmann, A., Stockmann, H. & Schwarz, K. (2004). Prospects of rapeseed oil by-products with respect to antioxidative potential. Comptes Rendes Chimie 7(6-7), 611-616, DOI:10.1016/j.crci.2004.02.011.10.1016/j.crci.2004.02.011
Search in Google Scholar
Gattinger, L. D., Duvnjak, Z. & Khan, A. W. (1990). The use of canola meal as a substrate for xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 33, 21-25.10.1007/BF00170563
Search in Google Scholar
El-Batal, A. I. & Abdel Karem, H. (2001). Phytase production and phytic acid reduction in rapeseed meal by Aspergillus niger during solid state fermentation. Food Research International 34(8), 715-720, DOI:10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00093-X.10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00093-X
Search in Google Scholar
Ebune, A., Al-Asheh, S. & Duvnjak, Z. (1995). Production of phytase during solid state fermentation by Aspergillus ficuum NRRL 3135 in canola meal. Bioresource Technol. 53(1), 7-12, DOI:10.1016/0960-8524(95)00041-C.10.1016/0960-8524(95)00041-C
Search in Google Scholar
Haq, I. U., Ashraf, H., Iqbal, J. & Qadeer, M. A. (2003). Production of alpha amylase by Bacillus licheniformis using an economical medium. Bioresource Technol., 87(1). 57-61, DOI:10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00198-0.10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00198-0
Search in Google Scholar
Kota, K. P. & Sridhar, P.(1999). Solid state cultivation of Streptomyces clavuligerus for cephamycin C production. Process Biochem. 34, 325-328.10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00078-8
Search in Google Scholar
Sircar, A., Sridhar, P. & Das, P. K. (1998). Optimization of solid state medium for the production of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Process Biochem 33,283-289, DOI:10.1016/S0032-9592(97)00058-7.10.1016/S0032-9592(97)00058-7
Search in Google Scholar
Shashirekha, M. N., Rajarathnam, S. & Bano, Z. (2002). Enhancement of bioconversion efficiency and chemistry of the mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju (Berk and Br.) Sacc. produced on spent rice straw substrate, supplemented with oil seed cakes. Food Chem. 76, 27-31, DOI:10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00244-8.10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00244-8
Search in Google Scholar
Gąsiorek, E., Fronia, J., Firuta, P. & Podgórski, W. (2007). Rapeseed meal as a substrate for biosynthesis of oxalic acid by solid state fermentation. Acta Sci. Pol.6 (3), 27-32 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar

Possibilities of utilizing the solid by-products of biodiesel production - a review

Abstract

Paradigm

My account