Abstract
Smoothing pseudo ranges with ionosphere-free combinations of phase ranges can be useful for long rang positioning, since this new smoothing process can significantly remove the effect of ionosphere delays in positioning applications. The smoothing process can be conducted without being affected by cycle slips, though it uses phase ranges. Therefore, it can provide a robust precise positioning solution which is not affected by cycle slips. The multipath effects may also be reduced, if the averaging interval taken is long enough. If the low frequency noise components and the hardware biases in pseudo ranges are reduced, the positioning performance with the smoothed pseudo ranges may be promising. In future GNSS receivers, both the noises and the hardware biases in pseudo ranges will be significantly reduced. Then, the positioning based on the proposed algorithm will be very useful.