
Fig. 1.
Proportional Increase in Mass.

Fig. 2.
Structural Development.

Fig. 3.
Computer Second Paper Operation (C2PO).

Fig. 4.
CG Calculation Process.

Fig. 5.
Graph-based weight-and-balance method [5].

Fig. 6.
Table-based weight-and-balance method [6].
Tab. 1.
Computational Weight and Balance Method.
| N198BW | Weight | Arm | Moment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Empty Weight | 1626.18 | 39.19 | 63732.89 |
| Front Seats | 37 | ||
| Rear Seats | 73 | ||
| Baggage | 95 | ||
| Usable Fuel (6lb/gal) | 48 | ||
| Take-Off Weight | |||
| Fuel Burn | 48 | ||
| Landing Weight |

Fig. 7.
Cessna 172 Longitudinal Stability.

Fig. 8.
In this incident, a failure to perform a weight-and-balance calculation proved fatal for two.

Fig. 9.
Estimated Weight and Balance of the N6413B.