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Study of the Impact of Prolonged Operation on Residual Deformations in the Airframe Structure of an Aircraft Cover

Study of the Impact of Prolonged Operation on Residual Deformations in the Airframe Structure of an Aircraft

Open Access
|Dec 2025

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Schematic Arrangement of Aircraft Levelling Points for the An-24.
Schematic Arrangement of Aircraft Levelling Points for the An-24.

Fig. 2.

Measured values in cross-section 9–10 and their approximation.
Measured values in cross-section 9–10 and their approximation.

Fig. 3.

Measured values in cross-section 17–18 and their approximation.
Measured values in cross-section 17–18 and their approximation.

Fig. 4.

Probability of wing levelling parameters of the An-24 exceeding tolerance limits as a function of accumulated flight hours.
Probability of wing levelling parameters of the An-24 exceeding tolerance limits as a function of accumulated flight hours.

Fig. 5.

Histogram of levelling measurements in cross-section 17–18 (left wing) for 15,000–25,000 flight hours.
Histogram of levelling measurements in cross-section 17–18 (left wing) for 15,000–25,000 flight hours.

Fig. 6.

Probability density of levelling measurements in cross-section 17–18 (left wing) with fitted approximation.
Probability density of levelling measurements in cross-section 17–18 (left wing) with fitted approximation.

Fig. 7.

Statistical data of levelling measurements for given operational times and the trend curve based on model (1) for cross-section 13–14.
Statistical data of levelling measurements for given operational times and the trend curve based on model (1) for cross-section 13–14.

Fig. 8.

Statistical data of levelling measurements for given operational times and the trend curve based on model (1) for cross-section 17–18.
Statistical data of levelling measurements for given operational times and the trend curve based on model (1) for cross-section 17–18.

Results of regression model coefficient calculations for studied parameters_

Parameter17-18(L)17-18(R)13-14(L)13-14 (R)9-10 (L)9-10 (R)
a019.96519.56845.35846.06370.19470.312
a1×10-5-2.847-3.0154.273.9581.0351.1
σt1.7531.8032.0212.1231.3741.382
r20.2590.3090.2560.300.2830.317
F1.021.0070.9980.8341.0640.934

Sample estimates of distribution parameters derived from levelling measurements at control points_

T, hoursParameterData from control cross-sections
9/1013/1417/18
LRLRLR
0 to 5,000x¯{\bar x}70.1170.4246.0046.1220.3419.82
s0.851.111.661.741.391.32
g10.610.040.10-0.720.340.68
χ26.672.611.598.500.782.81
5,000 to 15,000x¯{\bar x}70.3170.2545.4045.9119.4119.01
s1.491.191.941.821.471.60
g10.720.993.52.17-0.271.93
χ27.792.132.075.386.809.21
15,000 to 25,000x¯{\bar x}70.5170.6546.0146.5419.0718.78
s1.371.011.491.921.561.35
g1-1.15-0.020.59-0.95-0.80-0.44
χ22.134.966.806.349.579.35
25,000 to 35,000x¯{\bar x}70.6370.6246.2746.7618.9618.61
s1.651.181.391.561.651.26
g1-1.21-1.00-0.61-0.75-0.69-0.68
χ26.387.796.557.879.358.68
35,000 to 48,000x¯{\bar x}70.4970.5747.5748.1219.0718.47
s0.971.211.371.401.621.48
g11.15-0.680.051.90-0.93-0.58
χ29.967.535.383.699.038.50

Aircraft levelling data for An-24_

Purpose of measurementName of measurementSet dimension (considering structural weight), mm
ab
Wing setting (centre section)Elevation difference of point 9 over point 1072±2714+371_{ - 4}^{ + 3}
Elevation difference of point 9L over point 9R0±20±2
Wing setting (angle of incidence)Elevation difference of point 13 over point 1447±2,5485+348_{ - 5}^{ + 3}
Elevation difference of point 17 over point 1820±218±4
Wing setting (dihedral V angle)Elevation difference of point 13 over point 921±5287+628_{ - 7}^{ + 6}
Elevation difference of point 13 over point 17134±8134±18
Elevation difference of point 17L over point 17R0±100±10
Language: English
Page range: 69 - 84
Submitted on: Aug 11, 2025
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Accepted on: Nov 6, 2025
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Published on: Dec 24, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Sergii Ishchenko, Sergii Boiko, published by ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.