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Description of Residual Stress Distribution in the Surface Layer After Heat Treatment and Shot Peening Cover

Description of Residual Stress Distribution in the Surface Layer After Heat Treatment and Shot Peening

Open Access
|Sep 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Profiles of diffraction lines obtained at different angles of incidence ψ of the beam of X-ray waves: (A) horizontal axis – angle 2Θ; and (b) vertical axis – intensity of X-ray diffraction.
Profiles of diffraction lines obtained at different angles of incidence ψ of the beam of X-ray waves: (A) horizontal axis – angle 2Θ; and (b) vertical axis – intensity of X-ray diffraction.

Figure 2.

Report on the measurement of residual stresses using the X-ray method, using the PSWF-3M device from the Rigaku Company: Young’s modulus E = 210,000.0 MPa and Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.280.
Report on the measurement of residual stresses using the X-ray method, using the PSWF-3M device from the Rigaku Company: Young’s modulus E = 210,000.0 MPa and Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.280.

Figure 3.

PEEN-IMP device for pneumatic peening (patent PL204718).
PEEN-IMP device for pneumatic peening (patent PL204718).

Figure 4:

Graph of residual stress distribution in the sample after shot peening:
sample NR50 (HRC, 35 MPa), shot N = 1,
curve 1 – measured distribution of residual stresses, to a depth of 0.5 mm,
curve 2 – distribution of residual stresses created by REGSTEP.EXE, represented by the equation: y = 493,96x2 + 426,43x_501,59.
Graph of residual stress distribution in the sample after shot peening: sample NR50 (HRC, 35 MPa), shot N = 1, curve 1 – measured distribution of residual stresses, to a depth of 0.5 mm, curve 2 – distribution of residual stresses created by REGSTEP.EXE, represented by the equation: y = 493,96x2 + 426,43x_501,59.

Statistical evaluation of the obtained regression function using the statistical parameters R2 (the square of the multiple correlation coefficient) and F (Snedecor’s test)_

STEP 9
VARIABLE ENTERED..... 8
(FORCED VARIABLE)
SUM OF SQUARES REDUCED IN THIS STEP.... 18743.844
PROPORTION REDUCED IN THIS STEP........ 0.006
CUMULATIVE SUM OF SQUARES REDUCED...... 2162765.250
CUMULATIVE PROPORTION REDUCED.......... 0.741 OF 2919265.000
FOR 9 VARIABLES ENTERED
MULTIPLE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT... 0.861
(ADJUSTED FOR D.F.)........... 0.851
SQUARE MULTIPLE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT ⊠ 0.741
F-VALUE FOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE... 37.483
STANDARD ERROR OF ESTIMATE......... 80.069
(ADJUSTED FOR D.F.)........... 82.716

Coefficients of the regression function calculated by the program for the results of measurements_

Variable numberRegression coefficientStd. Error of reg. coeff.Computed T-value
(c1)1−0.845537E+02303.47275−0.279
(c7)7−0.865059E+011.82461−4.741
(c6)60.259431E+0252.867550.491
(c2)2−0.109254E+0326.07856−4.189
(c10)100.798438E+0214.473315.517
(c9)90.160997E+010.356324.518
(c3)3−0.114981E+0360.96822−1.886
(c5)50.138582e+027.156981.936
(c8)80.493962E+03288.886441.710
(c0) 0.168799E+04

Values of residual stresses σ as a function of changing the X1 depth extending into the surface layer calculated by the FUNVAL3_EXE program_

Type of function - NATURAL -N-
Values of Bi coefficients in the calculated function
B0= 0.1688E+04, B1= −0.8455E+02, B2= −0.1093E+03,
B3= −0.1150E+03
B12= 0.1386E+02, B13= 0.2594E+02, B23= −0.8651E+01,
B11= 0.4940E+03, B22= 0.1610E+01, B33= 0.7984E+02
NUMBER OF POINTS N = 8
Values of X1, X2, X3 variables at set points
X1X2X3
0.00035.00001.0000
0.100035.00001.0000
0.200035.00001.0000
0.300035.00001.0000
0.400035.00001.0000
0.500035.00001.0000
0.600035.00001.0000
0.700035.00001.0000
0.800035.00001.0000
Xi depth and Yi function values at set points
No.XiYi
10.000−501.1677
20.1000−454.0123
30.2000−396.5508
40.3000−329.2101
50.4000−251.9901
60.5000−164.8909
70.6000−67.9124
80.700038.9453
90.8000155.6822

Measurements of stresses σ MPa as a function of distance d mm from the surface_

LPDistance from the surface d mmHardness HRCSteel shotN 1,2,3,4Stresses σ MPa
10.000351−506.37
20.079351−465.59
30.127351−390.06
40.194351−397.08
50.241351−244.17
60.299351−209.32
70.399351−232.61
80.456351−172.24
250.000302−448.40
260.046302−540.25
270.106302−571.50
280.150302−547.69
290.210302−527.38
300.258302−514.13
310.315302−427.26
320.340302−354.94
330.396302−305.50
700.000453−682.34
710.051453−602.13
720.111453−615.84
730.191453−552.10
740.206453−395.75
750.227453−259.79
760.340453−249.39
770.393453−293.09
780.419453−195.22
1200.000504−643.16
1210.116504−737.91
1220.166504−745.57
1230.220504−509.45
1240.284504−394.01
1250.347504−432.17
1260.401504−321.01
1270.462504−254.92
1280.565504−261.30
Language: English
Page range: 28 - 39
Submitted on: Mar 13, 2023
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Accepted on: Jun 12, 2023
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Published on: Sep 13, 2023
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2023 Konstanty Skalski, Grzegorz Mońka, Ryszard Filipowski, published by ŁUKASIEWICZ RESEARCH NETWORK – INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.