Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Fertilization effects and vegetation-environment relationships in a boreal pine forest in Åmli, S Norway Cover

Fertilization effects and vegetation-environment relationships in a boreal pine forest in Åmli, S Norway

By: A. Skrindo and  R.H. Økland  
Open Access
|Aug 2021

References

  1. Aaltonen, V.T. 1926. Über die Umsetzungen der Stickstoffverbindungen in Waldboden. -Communtnes. Inst. Quaest. for. finl. 10: 6: 1-61.
  2. Aber, J.D., Nadelhoffer, K.J., Steudler, P. & Melillo, J.M. 1989. Nitrogen saturation in northern forest ecosystems. - Bioscience 39: 378-386.10.2307/1311067
  3. Abrahamsen, G. 1984. Effects of acidic deposition on forest soil and vegetation. - Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305: 369-382.10.1098/rstb.1984.0064
  4. Abrahamsen, G. Stuanes, A.O.& Tveite, B. 1994. Long-term experiments with acid rain in Norwegian forest ecosystems: discussion and synthesis. - Ecol. Stud. 104: 297-331.10.1007/978-1-4612-2604-8_15
  5. Abrahamsen, G. & Erstad, G.J. 1995. Nutrient balance in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest. 1. Design of experiments. - Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 85: 1125-1130.10.1007/BF00477132
  6. Aerts, R., Wallen, B. & Maimer, N. 1992. Growth-limiting nutrients in Sphagnum-dominated bogs subjectet to low and high atmospheric nitrogen supply. - J. Ecol. 80: 131-140.10.2307/2261070
  7. Anonymous 1990. GS+: geostatistics for the environmental sciences Version 2.1. - Gamma Design Software, Exeter, Mass.
  8. Anonymous 1992a. Skogbruk/utmarksressurser. Landbruksteljing 1.6.1989. Hefte 7. - Norg. off. Statist. C 5: 1-130.
  9. Anonymous 1992b. STATGRAPHICS Plus, Version 6. - Manugistics Inc., Rockville, Maryland.
  10. Anonymous 1994. GS+: geostatistics for the environmental sciences Version 2.3. - Gamma Design Software, Exeter, Mass.
  11. Anonymous 1997a. Statlig program for forurensingsovervåkning. Overvåkning av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør. Overvåkningsprogram for skogskader. St. Forurensningstilsyn Rapp. 697: 1-52.
  12. Anonymous 1997b. Statlig program for forurensingsovervåkning. Overvåkning av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedbør. Atmosfærisk tilfførsel. - St. Forurensingstilsyn Rapp. 703: 1-204.
  13. Aune, B. 1993. Temperaturnormaler, normalperiode 1961-1990. - Norske Meteorol. Inst. Rapp. Klima 2: 1-63.
  14. Bakker, J.P., Olff, H., Willems, J.H. & Zobel, M. 1996. Why do we need permanent plots in the study of long-term vegetation dynamics? - J. Veg. Sci. 7: 147-156.10.2307/3236314
  15. Barnett, J.P. 1996. How seed orchard culture affects seed quality: experience with the southern pines. - For. Chron. 72: 469-473.10.5558/tfc72469-5
  16. Bates, J.W. & Farmer, A.M. 1990. An experimental study of calcium acquisition and its effects on the calcifuge moss Pleurozium schreberi. - Ann. Bot. 65: 87-96.10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087912
  17. Berg, B., Ekbohm, G., Johansson, M.B., McClaugherty, C., Rutigliano, F. & DeSanto, A.V. 1996. Maximum decomposition limits of forest litter types: synthesis. - Can. J. Bot. 74: 659-672.10.1139/b96-084
  18. Binkley, D. and Högberg, P. 1997. Does atmospheric deposition of nitrogen threaten Swedish forests? - For. Ecol. Mgmt 92: 119-152.10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03920-5
  19. Bjökman, E & Lundeberg, G. 1971. Studies of root competition in a poor pine forest by supply of labelled nitrogen and phosphorus. - Stud. for. suec. 94: 1-16.
  20. Blum, O.B. 1974. Water relations. - In: Ahmadjian, V & Hale, M.E. (eds), The lichens, Academic Press, New York, pp. 381-400.
  21. ter Braak, C.J.F. 1986. Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. - Ecology 67: 1167-1179.10.2307/1938672
  22. ter Braak, C.J.F. 1987. CANOCO - a FORTRAN program for canonocal community ordination by [partial][detrended][canonicalJ correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis (version 2.1 ). - TNO Inst. appl. Comp. Sci., Wageningen.
  23. ter Braak, C.J.F. 1990. Update notes: CANOCO version 3.10. - Agricult. Math. Group, Wageningen.
  24. ter Braak, C.J.F. & Prentice, I.C. 1988. A theory of gradient analysis. - Adv. ecol. 18: 271-317.10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60183-X
  25. ter Braak, C.J.F. & Wiertz, J. 1994. On the statistical analysis of vegetation change: a wetland affected by water extraction and soil acidification. - J. Veg. Sci. 5: 361-372.10.2307/3235860
  26. Brūmelis, G. & Brown, D.H. 1997. Movement of metals to new growing tissue in the moss Hylocomium splendens (Hedw). - Ann. Bot. 79: 679-686.10.1006/anbo.1997.0401
  27. Callaghan, T.V., Collins, N.J. and Callaghan, C.H. 1978. Photosynthesis, growth, and reproduction of Hylocomium splendens and Polytrichum commune in Swedish Lapland. -Oikos 31: 73-88.
  28. van Cleve, K. & Y arie, J. 1986. Interaction of temperature, moisture, and soil chemistry in controlling nutrient cycling and ecostystem development in the taiga of Alaska. - Ecol. Stud. 57: 160-189.
  29. Clymo, R.S. 1980. Preliminary survey of the peat-bog Hummel Knowe moss using various numerical methods. - Vegetatio 42: 129-148.10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_17
  30. Czekanowski, J. 1909. Zur differential Diagnose der Neandertalgruppe. - Korrespondenzbl. dt. ges. Anthrop. 40: 44-47.
  31. Dahl, E., Gjems, 0. & Kielland-Lund, J. 1967. On the vegetation types of Norwegian conifer forest in relation to the chemical properties of the humus layer. - Meddr norske SkogforsVesen 85: 503-531.
  32. van Dobben, H.F., ter Braak, C.J.F., & Tamm, C.O. 1993. Forest undergrowth as a biomonitor for deposition of nutrients and acidity. - In: van Dobben, H.F. (ed.), Vegetation as a monitor for deposition of nitrogen and acidity, Ph.D. Thesis, Agricultural Univ. of Wageningen, Wageningen, pp. 113-139.
  33. Eilertsen, O., Økland, R.H., Økland, T. & Pedersen, O. 1990. Data manipulation and gradient length estimation in DCA ordination. - J. Veg. Sci. 1: 261-270.10.2307/3235663
  34. Faith, D.P., Minchin, P.R. & Belbin, L. 1987. Compositional dissimilarity as a robust measure of ecological distance. - Vegetatio 69: 57-68.10.1007/978-94-009-4061-1_6
  35. Falkengren-Grerup, U. 1989. Soil acidification and its impact on ground vegetation. - Ambio 18: 179-183.
  36. Falkengren-Grerup, U. 1995. Long term changes in flora and vegetation in deciduous forests of southern Sweden. - Ecol. Bull. 44: 215-226.
  37. Falkengren-Grerup, U. Rühling, Å. & Tyler, G. 1994. Effects of phosphorus application on vascular plants and macro fungi in an acid beech forest soil. - Sci. tot. Environm. 151 : 125-130.10.1016/0048-9697(94)90169-4
  38. Fitje A. & Strand, L. 1973. Tremålingslrere, ed. 2. - Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
  39. Frego, K.A. & Carleton T.J. 1995. Microsite tolorance of low bryophytes in a mature black spruce stand: reciprocal transplants. - Bryologist 98: 452-458.10.2307/3243584
  40. Frisvoll, A.A., Elvebakk, A., Flatberg, K.I & Økland, R.H. 1995. Sjekkliste over norske mosar. Vitenskapleg og norsk namneverk. - Norsk Inst. Naturforsk. Temahefte 4: 1-104.
  41. Førland, E.J. 1993. Nedbørnormaler, normalperiode 1961-1990. - Norske Meteorol. Inst. Rapp. Klima 39: 1-63.
  42. Gerhardt, K. & Kellner, O. 1986. Effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the field- and bottomlayer species in some Swedish coniferous forests. - Meddn vaxtbiol. Instn Uppsala 1: 1-47.
  43. Hagerup, O. 1935. Zur Periodizität im Laubwechsel der Moose. - K. danske Vidensk. Selsk. biol. Meddr 11: 9: 1-88.
  44. Hesse, P.R. 1971. A textbook of soil chemical analysis. - Murray, London.
  45. Hill, M.O. 1979. DECORANA: a FORTRAN program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. - Cornell Univ., Ithaca. NY.
  46. Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. - Vegetatio 42: 47-58.10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_7
  47. von Hoffmann, G. 1987. Vegetationsändrungen in Kiefernbeständen durch Mineraldüngung. -Hercynia 24: 271-278.
  48. Ipatov, V.S. & Tarkhova T.N. 1980. Microclimate of habitats of moss and lichen synusiae in green moss-lichen pine forests. - Soviet J. Ecol. 11: 262-268.
  49. Kellner, 0. 1993. Effects on associated flora of silvicultural nitrogen fertilization repeated at long intervals. - J. appl. Ecol. 30: 563-474.10.2307/2404195
  50. Kendall, M.G. 1938. A new measure of rank correlation. - Biometrika 30: 81-93.10.1093/biomet/30.1-2.81
  51. Kent M. & Ballard J. 1988. Trends and problems in the application of classification and ordination methods in plant ecology. - Vegetatio 78: 109-124.10.1007/BF00033421
  52. Krog, H., Østhagen, H. & Tønsberg, T. 1994. Lavflora. Norske busk- og bladlav. Ny revidert utgave ved Hildur Krog og Tor Tønsberg. - Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
  53. Kruskal, J.B. 1964a. Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. - Psychometrika 29: 1-27.10.1007/BF02289565
  54. Kruskal, J.B. 1964b. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling: a numerical method. - Psychometrika 29: 115-129.10.1007/BF02289694
  55. Kuusipalo, J. 1985. An ecological study of upland forest site classification in southern Finland. - Acta for. fenn. 192: 1-77.10.14214/aff.7638
  56. Lahti, T. & Väisänen, R.A. 1987. Ecological gradients of boreal forests in South Finland: an ordination test of Cajander’s forest site type theory. - Vegetatio 68: 145-156.10.1007/BF00114715
  57. Lemmon, P.E. 1956. A spherical densiometer for estimating forest overstory density. - For. Sci. 2: 314-320.
  58. Lid, J. & Lid, D.T. 1994. Norsk flora. 6. utgåve ved R. Elven. - Det Norske Samlaget, Oslo.
  59. Lukkula, O.J. 1942. Sateen mittaukisia erilaissa metsiköissä. - Acta for. fenn. 50: 1-13. (Deutsches Ref.: Niederschlagmessungen in verschiedenartigen Beständen.)10.14214/aff.7376
  60. van der Maarel, E. 1979. Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytososiology and its effects on community similarity. - Vegetatio 39: 97-114.10.1007/BF00052021
  61. McAlister, S. 1997. Cryptogram communities on fallen logs in the Duke Forest, North Carolina. - J. Veg. Sci. 8: 115-124.
  62. Mäkipää, R. 1994. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the humus layer and ground vegetation under closed canopy in boreal coniferous stands. - Silva fenn. 28: 81-94.10.14214/sf.a9164
  63. Malmström, C. 1949. Studier över skogstyper och trädslagsfordelning inom Västerbottens Iän. - Meddn St. Skogsförslnst. 37: 1-231.
  64. Minchin P.R. 1986. How to use ECOPAK: an ecological database system. - CSIRO Inst. biol. Res. Div. Wat. Land Res. techn. Mem. 1986: 6: 1-138.
  65. Minchin P.R. 1987. An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordination. -Vegetatio 69: 89-107.10.1007/978-94-009-4061-1_9
  66. Minchin P.R. 1990. DECODA Version 2.01. - Dept Biogeogr. Geomorph. Aust. nat. Univ., Canberra.
  67. Moore, T.M. 1984. Litter decomposition in a subarctic spruce-lichen woodland, eastern Canada. - Ecology 65: 299-308.
  68. Myrmæl, A. 1993. Regeneration studies of five spruce, Picea abies, forest bryophytes. -Lindbergia 18: 7-18.
  69. Nieppola, J. 1992. Long-term vegetation change in stands of Pinus sylvestris in Southern Finland. - J. Veg. Sci. 3: 475-484.10.2307/3235804
  70. Nilsen P. & Abrahamsen, G. 1995. Nutrient balance in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest. 5. Tree growth in a field plot experiment. - Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 85: 1143-1148.10.1007/BF00477135
  71. Nygaard, P.H. & Ødegaard, T. 1993. Langsiktige effekter av nitrogengjødsling på vegetasjon og jord i barskog. - Rapp. Skogforsk. 1993: 26: 1-24.
  72. Oechel, W.C. & van Cleve, K. 1986. The role of bryophytes in nutrient cycling in the Taiga. In: van Cleve, K., Chapin, F.S. III, Flanagan, P.W., Viereck, L.A. & Dyrness, C.T. (eds), Forest ecosystems and the Alaskan taiga, Springer, New York, pp. 121-137.
  73. Økland, R.H. 1990a. Vegetation ecology: theory, methods and applications with reference to Fennoscandia. - Sommerfeltia Suppl. 2: 1-233.
  74. Økland, R.H. 1990b. A phytoecological study of the mire Northern Kisselbergmosen, SE Norway. II. Identification of gradients by detrended (canonical) correspondence analysis. - Nord. J. Bot. 10: 79-108.
  75. Økland, R.H. 1995. Changes in the occurrence and abundance of plant species in a Norwegian boreal coniferous forest, 1988-1993. - Nord. J. Bot. 15: 415-438.
  76. Økland, R.H. 1996. Are ordination and constrained ordination alternative or complementary strategies in general ecological studies? - J. Veg. Sci 7: 289-292.10.2307/3236330
  77. Økland, R.H. in press. On the variation explained by ordination and constrained ordination axes. - J. Veg. Sci.
  78. Økland, R.H. & Eilertsen, O. 1993. Vegetation-environment relationships of boreal coniferous forests in the Solhomfjell area, Gjerstad, S Norway. - Sommerfeltia 16: 1-254.10.2478/som-1993-0002
  79. Økland, R.H. & Eilertsen, O. 1994. Canonical correspondence analysis with variation partitioning: some comments and an application. - J. Veg. Sci. 5: 117-126.10.2307/3235645
  80. Økland, T. 1988. An ecological approach to the investigation of a beech forest in Vestfold, SE. Norway. - Nord. J. Bot. 8: 375-407.
  81. Økland, T. 1990. Vegetational and ecological monitoring of boreal forest in Norway. I. Rausjømarka in Akershus county, SE Norway. - Sommerfeltia 10: 1-52.10.2478/som-1990-0001
  82. Økland, T. 1996. Vegetation-environment relationships of boreal spruce forests in ten monitoring reference areas in Norway. - Sommerfeltia 22: 1-349.10.2478/som-1996-0001
  83. Oksanen, J. 1983. Ordination of boreal heath-like vegetation with principal component analysis, correspondence analysis and multidimensional scaling. - Vegetatio 52: 181-189.
  84. Oksanen, J. & Minchin, P.R. 1997. Instability of ordination results under change in input data order: explanations and remedies. - J. Veg. Sci. 8: 447-454.10.2307/3237336
  85. Palmer, M.W. 1988. Fractal geometry: a tool for describing spatial patterns of plant communities. - Vegetatio 75: 91-102.10.1007/BF00044631
  86. Palmer, M.W. 1990. Spatial scale and patterns of species-environment relationships in hardwood forests of the North Carolina piedmont. - Coenoses 5: 79-88.
  87. Pearson, K. 1901. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. - Phil. Mag., 6. Ser. 2: 559-572.
  88. Pedersen, O. 1988. Biological Data Program/PC. Version 1.01. Brukerveiledning. -VegeDataConsult, Oslo.
  89. Persson, H. 1981. The effect of fertilization and irrigation on the vegetation dynamics of a pine-heath ecosytem. - Vegetatio 46: 181-192.10.1007/978-94-009-7991-8_18
  90. Phillips, J.D. 1985. Measuring complexity of environmental gradients. - Vegetatio 64: 95-102.10.1007/BF00044785
  91. Ponge, J.F. & Ferdy, J.B. 1997. Growth of Fagus sylvatica saplings in an old-growth forest as affected by soil and light conditions. - J. Veg. Sci. 8: 789-796.10.2307/3237023
  92. Proctor, M.C.F. 1982. Physiological ecology: water relations, light and temperature responses, carbon balance. - In: Smith, A.J.E. (ed.), Bryophyte ecology, Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 333-381.
  93. Rao C. R. 1964. The use and interpretation of principal components analysis in applied research. - Sankhya A 26: 329-358.
  94. Rossi, R.E., Mulla, D.J., Journel, A.G. & Franz, E.H. 1992. Geotatistical tools for modeling and interpretation of ecological spatial dependence. - Ecol. Monogr. 62: 277-314.10.2307/2937096
  95. Rydgren K. 1993. Herb-rich spruce forests in W Nordland, N Norway: an ecological and methodological study. - Nord. J. Bot. 13: 667-690.
  96. Rydgren K. 1996. Vegetation-environment relationships of old-growth spruce forest vegetation in Østmarka Nature Reserve, SE Norway, and comparison of three ordination methods. -Nord. J. Bot. 16: 421-439.
  97. Schaetzl, R.J., Johnson, D.L. & Small, T.W. 1989. Tree uprooting: review of impacts on forest ecology. - Vegetatio 79: 165-176.10.1007/BF00044908
  98. Skre O. & Oechel, W.C. 1979. Moss production in a black spruce Pieca mariana forest with permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska, as compared with two permafrost-free stands. -Holarct. Ecol. 2: 249-254.
  99. Stålfelt, M.G. 1937. Die Bedeutung der Vegetation im Wasserhaushalt des Bodens. - Svenska Skogvårdsfören. Tidskr. 35: 161-195.
  100. Tamm, C.O. 1953. Growth, yield, and nutrition in carpets of a forest moss (Hylocomium splendens). - Meddn St. Skogsforsklnst. 43: 1: 1-140.
  101. Tamm, C.O. 1991. Nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems: questions of productivity, vegetational change and ecosystem stability. - Ecol. Stud. 81: 1-116.
  102. Tausch, R.V., Charlet, D.A., Weixelman, D.A. & Zamudio, D.C. 1995. Patterns of ordination and classification instability resulting from changes in input data order. - J. Veg. Sci. 6: 897-902.10.2307/3236404
  103. Taylor, S.J., Carleton, T.J. & Adams, P. 1987. Understory vegetation change in a Picea mariana chronosequence. - Vegetatio 73: 63-72.10.1007/BF00031853
  104. van Tooren, B.F., van Dam, D. and During, H.J. 1990. The relative importance of precipitation and soil as sources of nutrients for Cal/iergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske in chalk grassland. - Fune. Ecol. 4: 101-107.10.2307/2389659
  105. Wells, J.M. & Brown, D.H. 1996. Mineral nutrient recycling within shoots of the moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus in relation to growth. - J. Bryol. 19: 1-17.10.1179/jbr.1996.19.1.1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/som-1998-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2084-0098 | Journal ISSN: 0800-6865
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 1
Published on: Aug 10, 2021
Published by: University of Oslo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2021 A. Skrindo, R.H. Økland, published by University of Oslo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 25 (1998): Issue 1 (December 1998)