The vegetation of the forest-alpine transition in the Grunningsdalen area, Telemark, S. Norway.
By: R. H. Økland and E. Bendiksen
References
- Aas, B. 1969. Climatically raised birch lines in Southeastern Norway 1918 - 1968. - Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 23: 119-130.10.1080/00291956908542805
- Aas, B. 1970. Noen bemerkelsesverdige høye vekstgrenser for varmekjære trær og urter i seljord. - Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 24: 23-36.10.1080/00291957008551892
- Aas, B. 1972. Naturreservat med almeskog i fjellbygda Rauland. - Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 26: 141-155.10.1080/00291957208551926
- Ahti, T. 1961. Taxonomic studies on reindeer lichens (Cladonia subg. Cladina). - Annls bot Soc. zool.-bot. fenn. Vanamo 32: 1: 1-160.
- Ahti, T. 1977. Lichens of the Boreal conferous zone. - In: Seaward, M.R.D. (ed.), Lichen ecology, Academic Press, London, pp. 145-181. - New
- Ahti, T., Hämet-Ahti, L. & Jalas, J. 1968. Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. - Ann. bot. fenn. 5: 169-211.
- Aichinger, E. 1956. Die Calluna-Heiden als Vegetationsentwicklungstypen. - Angew. PflSoz. (Wien) 12: 9-74.10.1007/978-3-7091-5075-7_2
- Aichinger, E. 1957. Die Heidelbeer-Heiden als Vegetationsentwicklungstypen. - Angew. PflSoz. (Wien) 14: 27-96.10.1007/978-3-7091-5533-2_4
- Alatalo, R. 1981. Problems in the measurement of evenness in ecology_ - Oikos 37: 199-204.10.2307/3544465
- Anderson, D.J. 1965. Classification and ordination in vegetation science: controversy over a non-existent problem? - J. Ecol. 53: 521-526.10.2307/2257992
- Anderson, L.E. & Bourdeau, P.F. 1955. Water relations in two species of terrestrial mosses. - Ecology 36: 206-212.10.2307/1933226
- Arnborg, T. 1940. Der Wallsjö-Wald, ein nordschwedischer Urwald. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 13: 128-154.
- Arnborg, T. 1942. De viktigaste norrländska skogstyparna. - Svenska Vall- och Mosskult För. Kvartalsskr. 4: 183-198.
- Arnborg, T. 1943. Granberget: En växtbiologisk undersökning av ett sydlappländsk granskogsomrade med särskild hänsyn till skogs-typer och föryngring. - Norrl. Handbibltk. 14: 1-282.
- Arnborg, T. 1945. Det nordsvenska skogstypsschemat, ed. 1. - Svenska skogsvardsföreningen, Stockholm.
- Arnborg, T. 1949. Synpunkter pa vegetationsanalysen vid undersökingar av nordiska barrskogssamhällen. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 43: 195-214.
- Arnborg, T. 1960. Can we find a common platform for the different schools of forest type classification? - Silva fenn. 105: 13-15.
- Arnborg, T. 1964. Det nordsvenska skogstypsschemat, ed. 6. - Sveriges Skogsvardsförbund, Stockholm.
- Arnell, H.W. & Jensen, C. 1907-10. Die Moose des Sarekgebietes. - Naturw. Unters. Sarekgeb. schwedisch-Lappl. 3: 71-268.
- Arnell, S. 1956. Illustrated moss flora of Fennoscandia. I. Hepaticae. - CWK Gleerup, Lund.
- Arrhenius, O. 1921. Species and area. - J. Ecol. 9: 95-99.10.2307/2255763
- Auclair, A.N. & Goff, F.G. 1971. Diversity relations of upland forests in the western Great Lakes area. - Am. Nat. 105: 499-528.10.1086/282742
- Aune, E. I. 1973. Forest vegetation in Hemne, Sør-Trøndelag, Western Central Norway. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Miscellanea 12: 1-87.
- Aune, E. I. 1978. Vegetasjonen i Vassfaret, Buskerud/Oppland med vegetasjonskart i 1:10000. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1978: 8: 1-67.
- Austin, M.P. 1976. On non-linear species response models in ordination. - Vegetatio 33: 33-41.10.1007/BF00055297
- Aune, E. I. 1980. Searching for a model for use in vegetation analysis. -Vegetatio. 42: 11-21.10.1007/BF00048865
- Baadsvik, K. 1971. Om klimaet ved jordoverflaten og de temperaturforhold fjellplantene lever under. K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Miscellanea 3: 1-28.
- Baadsvik, K. 1974. Phytosociological and ecological investigations in an alpine area at lake Kamtjern, Trollheimen mts, Central Norway. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1974: 5: 1-61.
- Barkman, J.J. 1953. Some proposals for a phytosociological nomenclature. - In: Osvald, H. & Aberg, E. (eds.), Proceedings of the seventh international botanical congress, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, pp. 662-663.
- Barkman, J.J., Moravec, J. & Rauschert, S. 1976. Code of botanical nomenclature. - Vegetatio 32: 131-185.10.1007/BF02095917
- Beals, E. W. 1969. Vegetational change along altitudinal gradients. - Science 165: 981-985.10.1126/science.165.3897.98117791022
- Beals, E. W. 1973. Ordination: mathematical elegance and ecological naiveté. - J. Ecol. 61: 23-35.10.2307/2258914
- Becking, R.W. 1957. The Zilrich-Montpellier school of phytosociology. - Bot. Rev. 23: 411-488.10.1007/BF02872328
- Beijerinck, W. 1940. Calluna, a monograph on the Scotch heather. - Verh. k. ned. Akad. Wet. Afd. Natuurk. tweede Sect. 38: 4: 1-180.
- Bendiksen, E. 1980. Cortinarius, underslekter Leprocybe, Sericeocybe, Myxacium og Telamonia i forskjellige suksesjons-stadier av granskogssamfunn i Lunner, Oppland. - Cand. scient. Thesis, Univ. Oslo, unpubl.
- Bendiksen, E. & Halvorsen, R. 1981. Botaniske inventeringer i Lifjellomradet. - Kontaktutvalget Vassdragsregul. Univ. Oslo Rapp. 28: 1-94.
- Bendiksen, E. & Moss, O.O. 1983. Søkkunda og tilgrensende vassdrag. Botaniske undersøkelser. - Kontaktutvalget Vassdragsregul. Univ. Oslo Rapp. 68: 1-90.
- Bendiksen, E. & Salvesen, P.H. 1985. Flora og vegetasjon pa Røverkollen. - Oslo Helserad. Kontoret for natur- og miljøvernsaker, Oslo. (In press).
- Bendiksen, E. & Schumacher, T. 1982. Flora og vegetasjon i nedbørfeltene til Imsa og Trya. - Kontaktutvalget Vassdragsregul. Univ. Oslo Rapp. 52: 1-105.
- Berg, R.Y. 1963. Disjunksjoner i Skandinavias fjellflora og de teorier som er framsatt til forklaring av dem. - Blyttia 21: 133-177.
- Bergland, H. 1975. En plantesosiologisk undersøkelse av bjørkeskoger i Aseral, Vest-Agder, samt en floristisk undersøkelse av kommunen. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Oslo, unpubl.
- Billings, W. D. 1952. The environmental complex in relation to plant growth and distribution. - Q. Rev. Biol. 27: 251-265.10.1086/39902213004274
- Billings, W. D. 1974. Environment: concept and reality. In: Strain, B.R. & Billings, W.D. (eds.), Vegetation and environment, Junk, The Hague, pp. 7-35.
- Billings, W. D. & Mooney, H.A. 1968. The ecology of arctic and alpine plants. - Biol. Rev. Camb. phil. Soc. 43: 481-529.10.1111/j.1469-185X.1968.tb00968.x
- Bjørndalen, J. E. 1977. En plantesosiologisk undersøkelse av urterike barskoger i Grenland, Telemark. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Bergen, unpubl.
- Bjørndalen, J. E. 1978. Aconitum septentrionale og Lactuca alpina som barskogsarter i Skien kommune, Telemark. - Blyttia 36: 125-134.
- Bjørndalen, J. E. 1980a. Kalktallskogar i Skandinavien - ett förslag till klassificering. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 74: 103-122.
- Bjørndalen, J. E. 1980b. Urterike granskoger i Grenland, Telemark. - Blyttia 38: 49-66.
- Bjørndalen, J. E. 1980c. Phytosociological studies of basiphilous pine forests in Grenland, SE Norway. - Norw. J. Bot. 27: 139-161.
- Bjørndalen, J. E. 1980d. Klassifikasjon av urterike barskoger. Noen kritiske bemerkninger og foreløpige resultater vedrørende noen av skandinavisk plantesosiologis problembarn. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1980: 5: 118-126.
- Bjørndalen, J. E. 1981. Classification of basiphilous pine forests in Telemark, SE Norway: a numerical approach. - Nord. J. Bot. 1: 665-670.
- Bjørnstad, A. 1971. A phytosociological investigation of the deciduous forest types in Søgne, Vest-Agder, South Norway. - Norw. J. Bot. 18: 191-214.
- Bliss, L.C. & Hadley, E.B. 1964. Photosynthesis and respiration of alpine lichens. - Am. J. Bot. 51: 870-874.10.1002/j.1537-2197.1964.tb06712.x
- Blom, H.H. 1980. Plantesosiologiske undersøkelser av edellauvskog og beslektede samfunn pa frisk mark i ytre Hordaland. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1980: 5: 134-150.
- Blum, O.B. 1973. Water relations. - In: Ahmadjian, V. & Hale, M.E. (eds.), The lichens, Academic Press, New York, pp. 381-400.
- Blytt, A. 1869. Botaniske observationer fra Sogn. - Nytt Mag. Naturvid. 16: 81-266.
- Blytt, A. 1874. Norges flora. Anden del. - Christiania.
- Blytt, A. 1876a. Forsøg til en theorie om indvandringen af Norges flora under vexlende regnfulle og tørre tider. - Nyt Mag. Naturvid. 21: 279-362.
- Blytt, A. 1876b. Norges flora. Tredie del. - Christiania.
- Blytt, M. N. 1861. Norges flora. 1ste del. - Christiania.
- Bøcher, T. W. 1938. Biological distributional types in the flora of Greenland. - Meddr Gr,nland 106: 2: 1-339.
- Bøcher, T. W. 1940. Studies on the plant geography of the North-Atlantic heath formation. I. The heaths of the Faroes. - Biol. Meddr k. danske Vidensk. Selsk. 15: 3: 1-64.
- Bøcher, T. W. 1954. Oceanic and continental vegetational complexes in Southwest Greenland. - Meddr Grønland 148: 1: 1-336.
- Bøcher, T. W. 1963. Phytogeography of Middle West Greenland. - Meddr Grønland 148: 3: 1-289.
- Boyko, H. 1947. On the role of plants as quantitative climate indicators and the geoecological law of distribution. - J. Ecol. 35: 138-157.10.2307/2256504
- Brantseg, A. 1941. Vegetasjonstyper i skogbunnen og deres betydning ved forstlige disposisjoner. - Tidsskr. Skogbruk 49: 3-11, 42-50.
- Bratton, S.P. 1975. A comparison of the beta diversity functions of the overstory and herbaceous understory of a deciduous forest. - Bull. Torrey bot. Club 102: 55-60.10.2307/2484413
- Braun-Blanquet, J. 1913. Die Vegetationsverhaltnisse der Schneestufe in den Rätisch-Lepontischen Alpen. - Neue Denkschr. schweiz. naturf. Ges. 48: 1-347.
- Braun-Blanquet, J. 1921. Prinzipien einer Systematik der Pflanzengesellschaften auf floristischer Grundlage. - Jb. St. Gallischen naturw. Ges. 57: 305-351.
- Braun-Blanquet, J. 1925. Zur Wertung des Gesellschaftstreue in der Pflanzensoziologie. - Vjschr. naturf. Ges. Zülrich 70: 122-149.
- Braun-Blanquet, J. 1928. Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzülge der Vegetationskunde, ed. 1. - Springer, Berlin.
- Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzilge der Vegetationskunde, ed. 3 - Springer, Wien.10.1007/978-3-7091-8110-2
- Braun-Blanquet, J. Sissingh, G. & Vlieger, J. 1939. Klasse der Vaccinio-Piceetea. - Prodromus PflGes. 6: 1-123.
- Bringer, K.-G. 1961. Den lagalpina Dryas-hedens differentiering och standortsekologi inom Torneträsk-omradet. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 55: 349-375, 551-584.
- Brodo, I.M. 1973. Substrate ecology. - In: Ahmadjian, V. & Hale, M.E. (eds.), The lichens, Academic Press, New York, pp. 401-441.
- Brown, R.T. & Curtis, J.T. 1952. The upland conifer-hardwood forests in Northern Wisconsin. - Ecol. Monogr. 22: 217-234.10.2307/1943566
- Buch, H. 1947. Über die Wasser- und Mineralstoffversorgung der Moose I, II. - Soc. scient. fenn. Commentnes biol. 9: 16: 1-44 + 20: 1-49.
- Büttner, R. 1971. Untersuchungen zur Ekologie und Physiologie des Gasstoffwechsels bei einingen Strauchflechten. - Flora (Jena) 160: 72-99.10.1016/S0367-2530(17)31658-4
- Cain, S. A. 1944. Foundations of plant geography. - Harper, New York.
- Cain, S. A. 1947. Characteristics of natural areas and factors in their development. - Ecol. Monogr. 17: 185-200.10.2307/1943263
- Cajander, A. K. 1903. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Vegetation der Alluvionen des nördlichen Eurasiens. I. Die Alluvionen der unteren Lena-Thales. Acta Soc. scient. fenn.: 32: 1: 1-182.
- Cajander, A. K. 1909. Über Waldtypen. - Acta for. fenn. 1: 1: 1-175.10.14214/aff.7526
- Cajander, A. K. 1913. Studien über die Moore Finnlands. - Acta for. fenn. 2: 3: 1-208.10.14214/aff.7530
- Cajander, A. K. 1921a. Über Waldtypen II. I. Über Waldtypen im allgemeinen. - Acta for. fenn. 20: 1: 1-41.10.14214/aff.7061
- Cajander, A. K. 1921b. Über Waldtypen II. III. Die ülbrigen Untersuchungen über die Waldtypen. - Acta for. fenn. 20: 1: 64-77.10.14214/aff.7061
- Cajander, A. K. 1922. Zur Begriffsbildung im Gebiet der Pflanzentopographie. - Acta for. fenn. 20: 2: 1-8.10.14214/aff.7062
- Cajander, A. K. 1923. Was wird mit den Waldtypen bezweckt? - Acta for. fenn. 25: 4: 1-16.10.14214/aff.7079
- Cajander, A. K. 1926. The theory of forest types. - Acta for. fenn. 29: 3: 1-108.10.14214/aff.7193
- Campbell, B.M. 1978. Similarity coefficients for classifying relevés. - Vegetatio 37: 101-109.10.1007/BF00126833
- Christophersen, E. 1925. Soil reaction and plant distribution in the Sylene national park, Norway. - Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 27: 471-577.
- Churchill, E.D. & Hanson, H.C. 1958. The concept of climax in arctic and alpine vegetation. - Bot. Rev. 24: 127-191.10.1007/BF02872544
- Clements, F.E. 1916. Plant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetation. - Carnegie Instn Wash. Publ. 242: 1-512.10.5962/bhl.title.56234
- Clements, F.E. 1928. Plant succession and indicators: A definitive edition of plant succession and plant indicators. - Wilson, New York.
- Conrad, v. 1946. usual formulas of continentality and their limits of validity. - Trans. am. geophys. Un. 27: 663-664.10.1029/TR027i005p00663
- Curtis, J. T. 1959. The vegetation of Wisconsin. An ordination of plant communities. - Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison.
- Curtis, J. T. & McIntosh, R.P. 1951. An upland forest continuum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin. Ecology 32: 476-496.10.2307/1931725
- Czekanowski, J. 1909. Zur differential Diagnose der Neandertalgruppe. - Korrespondenzbl. dt. Ges. Anthrop. 40: 44-47.
- Dahl, E. 1950. Forelesninger over norsk plantegeografi. - Akademisk Trykningssentral, Oslo.
- Dahl, E. 1951. On the relation between summer temperature and the distribution of alpine vascular plants in the lowlands of Fennoscandia. - Oikos 3: 22-52.10.2307/3565129
- Dahl, E. 1957. Rondane: Mountain vegetation in South Norway and its relation to the environment. - Skr. norske Vidensk. - Akad. Oslo mat.-naturvid. Klasse 1956: 3: 1-374.
- Dahl, E. 1960. Some measures of uniformity in vegetation analysis. - Ecology 41: 805-808.10.2307/1931822
- Dahl, E. 1967. Forelesninger i økologi ved Norges Landbrukshøgskole. - Landbruksbokhandelen - Universitetsforlaget, Vollebekk - Oslo.
- Dahl, E. 1975. Flora and plant sociology in Fennoscandian tundra areas. - Ecol. Stud. 16: 62-67.10.1007/978-3-642-80937-8_5
- Dahl, E. 1979. Boreal vegetation. - Council Europe Nat. Environment Ser. 16: 1-99.
- Dahl, E., Gjems, O. & Kielland-Lund, J. 1967. On the vegetation types of Norwegian conifer forest in relation to the chemical properties of the humus layer. - Meddr norske Skogfors-Vesen 85: 505-531.
- Dahl, E. & Hadac, E. 1941. Strandgesellschaften der Insel Ostøy im Oslofjord. Eine pflanzensoziologische Studie. - Nytt Mag. Naturvid. 82: 251-312.
- Dahl, E., Kalliola, R., Marker, E. & Persson, A. 1971. Nordisk vegetationsklassificering för kartlä;ggning. Fjällvegetation. Ett utkast. - IBP Nord. 7: 3-12.
- Dahl, E. & Krog, H. 1973. Macrolichens of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. - Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
- Dahl, E. & Mork, E. 1959. Om sambandet mellom temperatur, anding og vekst hos gran (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Meddr norske Skogforsvesen 53: 83-93.
- Danielsen, A. 1971. Skandinavias fjellflora i lys av senkvartær vegetasjonshistorie. - Blyttia 29: 183-209.
- Daubenmire, R. 1966. Vegetation: Identification of typal communities. - Science 151: 291-298.10.1126/science.151.3708.29117799976
- Dickinson, G., Mitchell, J. & Tivy, J. 1971. The application of phyto-sociological techniques to the geographic study of vegetation. - Scott. geogr. Mag. 87: 83-102.10.1080/00369227108736184
- Dierschke, H. 1971. Stand und Aufgaben der pflanzensoziologischen Systematik in Europa. - Vegetatio 22: 255-264.10.1007/BF01975699
- Dons, J. A. 1960. Telemark supra crustals and associated rocks. - Norg. geol. unders. 208: 49-58.
- Dons, J. A. & Jorde, K. 1978. Skien, 1:250000, NO 32-2. - Norges geologiske Undersøkelse, Trondheim.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1921. Zur metodologischen Grundlage der modernen Pflanzensoziologie. - Holzhausen, Wien.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1923. Die Kern der Art- und Assoziationsprobleme. - Bot. Not. 1923: 235-256.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1925a. Zur Kenntnis der flechtenreichen Zwergstrauchheiden im kontinentalen Südnorwegen. - Svenska växtsociol. Sällsk. Handl. 4: 1-80.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1925b. Die regionale Gliederung der skandinavischen Vegetation. - Svenska växtsociol. Sällsk. Handl. 8: 1-60.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1928. Fjällens växtregioner. In: Jägerskiöld, L.A. & Pehrson, T. (eds.), Naturens liv i ord och bild, Natur och kultur, Stockholm, pp. 800-811.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1930. Classification and nomenclature of vegetation. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 24: 489-503.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1931. Studier över vinddriften pa snöfält i skandinaviska fjällen. - Bot. Not. 1931: 31-44.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1932a. Vegetationsforschung auf soziationsanalytischer Grundlage. - In: Abderhalden, E. (ed.), Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden, XI, 5, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin, pp. 293-480.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1932b. Zur Vegetationsökologie der ostschwedischen Küstenfelsen. - Beih. bot. CentBl. 49: 61-112.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1936. Classification and nomenclature of vegtetation units 1930-1935. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 30: 580-589.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1942. Rishedsförband i Torneträskomradets lagfjällbälte. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 36: 124-146.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1949. Huvudenheter och huvudgränser i svensk myrvegetation. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 43: 274-309.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1953. CIIIc: Phytogeographical excursion to the surroundings of Lake Torneträsk in Torne Lappmark (Northern Sweden), July 21st to August 2nd. - In: Osvald, H. & Aberg, E. (eds.), Proceedings of the seventh international botanical congress, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, pp. 133-137.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1954. Sydväxtberg. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 48: 164-187.
- Du Rietz, G. E. 1964. Nordsvenska vegetationsregioner. - In: Lyberg, B., Ulfsparre, s. & Gyllensvärd. B. (eds.), Festskrift tillägnad Carl Kempe 80 ar, Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala, pp. 309-324.
- Du Rietz, G. E., Fries, T.C.E., Osvald, H. & Tengwall, T.A. 1920. Gesetze der Konstitution natilrlicher Pflanzengesellschaften. - Vetensk. prakt. Unders. Lappl. Flora Fauna 7: 1-47.
- Du Rietz, G. E., Fries, T.C.E. & Tengwall, T.A. 1918. Vorschlag zur Nomenklatur der Soziologischen Pflanzengeographie. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 12: 145-170.
- During, H.J. 1979. Life strategies of bryophytes: a preliminary survey. - Lindbergia 5: 2-18.
- Ebeling, F. 1963. Lapplands skogar. - In: Curry-Lindahl, K. (ed.), Natur i Lappland, Svensk natur, Uppsala, pp. 251-267.
- Ebeling, F. 1978. Nordsvenska skogstyper. Sver. Skogsvardsförb. Tidskr. 76: 339-381.
- Ellenberg, H. 1954. Über einige Fortschritte der kausalen Vegetationskunde. - Vegetatio 5-6: 199-211.10.1007/BF00299574
- Ellenberg, H. 1956. Grundlagen der Vegetationsgliederung. I. Aufgaben und Methoden der Vegetationskunde. - In: Walter, H. (ed.), Einführung in die Phytologie. 4. 1, Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 1-136.
- Elven, R. 1978. Association analysis of moraine vegetation at the glacier Hardangerjøkulen, Finse, South Norway. - Norw. J. Bot. 25: 171-191.
- Elven, R. & Vorren, K.-D. 1980. Flora and phytogeography of the Habafjell-Skrubben area of Central Trams, Northern Norway. -Tromura Naturvit. 9: 1-64.
- Eneroth, o. 1931. Om skogstyper och föryngringsförhallanden inom Lappmarken. I. - Norrl. Skogsvardsförb. Tidskr. 1931: 113-182.
- Eneroth, o. 1934. Om skogstyper och föryngringsförhallanden inom Lappmarken. II. Norrl. Skogsvardsförb. Tidskr. 1934: 49-83.
- Eneroth, o. 1937. Om skogstyperna och deras praktiska betydelse. - K. Lantbr.-Akad. Handl. Tidskr. 75: 821-837.
- Eurola, S. 1962. Über die regionale Einteilung der südfinnischen Moore. - Annls. bot. Soc. zool. -bot. fenn. Vanamo 33: 2: 1-243.
- Eurola, S. & Ruuhijärvi, R. 1961. Öber die regionale Einteilung der finnischen Moore. - Archvm Soc. zool. bot. fenn. Vanamo 16: Suppl.: 49-63.
- Fægri, K. 1934. Über die Längenvariationen einiger Gletscher des Jostedalsbre und die dadurch bedingten Pflanzensukzessionen. - Bergens Mus. Arb. naturvid. Rekke 1933: 7: 1-255.
- Fægri, K. 1953. Recommendation 2. - In: Osvald, H. & Aberg, E. (eds.), Proceedings of the seventh international botanical congress, Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, pp. 664-665.
- Fægri, K. 1958. On the climatic demands of oceanic plants. - Bot. Not. 111: 325-332.
- Fægri, K. 1960. Maps of distribution of Norwegian vascular plants. I. Coast plants. - Oslo Univ. Press, Oslo.
- Fægri, K. 1967. The plant world at Finse, Norway. - Univ. bot. Mus., Bergen.
- Fisher, R.A., Corbet, A.S. & Williams, C.B. 1943. The relation between the number of species and the number of individuals in a random sample of an animal population. - J. Anim. Ecol. 12: 42-58.10.2307/1411
- Flahault, C. & Schröter, C. 1910. Rapport sur la nomenclature phytogéographique. (Phytogeographische nomenklatur). - Act. III. Congr. int. bot. Brux. 1: 131-164.
- Flock, J.W. 1978. Lichen-bryophyte distribution along a snow-cover-soil-moisture gradient, Niwot Ridge, Colorado. - Arct. alp. Res. 10: 31-47.10.2307/1550655
- Førland, E.J. 1979. Nedbørens høydeavhengighet. - Klima 2: 3-24.
- Fransson, S. 1965. The borderland. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 50: 167-175.
- Fransson, S. 1972. Myrvegetation i sydvästra Värmland. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 57: 1-133.
- Fredriksen, K.S. 1978. Vegetasjonsundersøkelse omkring øvre del av Eksingedalsvassdraget. Cand.real. Thesis, Univ. Bergen, unpubl.
- Fremstad, E. 1979. Phytosociological and ecological investigations of rich deciduous forests in Orkladalen, Central Norway. - Norw. J. Bot. 26: 111-140.
- Fremstad, E. & Øvstedal, D.O. 1978. The phytosociology and ecology of grey alder (Alnus incana) forests in Central Troms, North Norway. - Astarte 11: 93-112.
- Frey, T.E.A. 1978. The Finnish school and forest site-types. - In: Whittaker, R.H. (ed.), Classification of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 81-110.
- Fries, M. 1948. Limes norrlandicus-studier. 1. En växtgeografisk gränsfraga historiskt belyst och exemplifierad. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 42: 51-69.
- Fries, M. 1949. Den nordiska utbredningen av Lactuca alpina, Aconitum septentrionale, Ranunculus platanifolius och Polygonatum verticillatum. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 24: 1-80.
- Fries, R.E. 1950. A short history of botany in Sweden. - Almqvist & Wiksell, Uppsala.
- Fries, T.C.E. 1913. Botanische Untersuchungen in nördlichsten Schweden: Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der alpinen und subalpinen Vegetation in Torne Lappmark. - Vetensk. prakt. Unders. Lappl. Flora Fauna 2: 1-361.
- Fries, M. 1917. Über die regionale Gliederung der alpinen Vegetation der fennoskandischen Hochgebirge. - Vetensk. prakt. Unders. Lappl. Flora Fauna 4: 1-45.
- Fries, M. 1925a. Ökologische und phanologische Beobachtungen bei Abisko in den Jahren 1917-1919. I. - Svenska växtsociol. Sällsk. Handl. 5: 1-171.
- Fries, M. 1925b. Über primäre und sekundäre Standortsbedingungen. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 19: 49-69.
- Fukarek, F. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. - Wiss. Taschenbilcher 14: 1-160.10.1515/9783112643242
- Galten, L. 1977. Myr- og kildevegetasjonen i sørvestre Galtasen i Engerdal, Hedmark. - Cand. real. thesis, Univ. Oslo, unpubl.
- Garns, H. 1918. Prinzipienfragen der Vegetationsforschung. - Vjschr. naturf. Ges. Zürich 63: 293-493.
- Gauch, H. G. 1982a. Multivariate analysis in community ecology. - Camb. Stud. Ecol. 1: 1-298.10.1017/CBO9780511623332
- Gauch, H. G. 1982b. Noise reduction by eigenvector ordinations. Ecology 63: 1643-1649.10.2307/1940105
- Gauch, H. G., Whittaker, R.H. & Wentworth, T.R. 1977. A comparative study of reciprocal averaging and other ordination techniques. - J. Ecol. 65: 157-174.10.2307/2259071
- Gauch, H. G. & Whittaker, R.H. 1981. Hierarchical classification of community data. - J. Ecol. 69: 537-557.10.2307/2259682
- Gauch, H. G., Whittaker, R.H. & Singer, S.B. 1981. A comparative study of nonmetric ordinations. - J. Ecol. 69: 135-152.10.2307/2259821
- Gimingham, C. H. 1960. Biological flora of the British Isles. Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. - J. Ecol. 48: 455-483.10.2307/2257528
- Gimingham, C. H. 1961. North European heath communities: a “network of variation”. - J. Ecol. 49: 655-694.10.2307/2257230
- Gimingham, C. H. 1969. The interpretation of variation in North-European dwarf-shrub heath communities. - Vegetatio 17: 89-108.10.1007/BF01965902
- Gimingham, C. H. 1972. Ecology of heathlands. - Chapman & Hall, London.
- Gjærevoll, o. 1949. Snøleievegetasjonen i oviksfjellene. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 25: 1-106.
- Gjærevoll, o. 1950. The snow-bed vegetation in the surroundings of Lake Torneträsk, Swedish Lappland. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 44: 387-440.
- Gjærevoll, o. 1956. The plant communities of the Scandinavian alpine snow-beds. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1956: 1: 1-405.
- Gjærevoll, o. 1966. Vegetasjonen i sørberg i Nord-Østerdalen. - Blyttia 24: 182-187.
- Gjærevoll, o. 1973. Plantegeografi. - Universitetsforlaget, Trondheim.
- Gjærevoll, o. & Bringer, K.-G. 1965. Plant cover of the alpine regions. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 50: 257-268.
- Gjerlaug, H.C. 1973. Vegetasjonskartlegging av Lillehammer kommune. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Oslo, unpubl.
- Gleason, H.A. 1926. The individualistic concept of the plant association. - Bull. Torrey bot. Club 53: 7-26.10.2307/2479933
- Glenn-Lewin, D.C. 1977. Species diversity in North American temperate forests. - Vegetatio 33: 153-162.10.1007/BF00205910
- Goodall, D. W. 1954. Vegetational classification and vegetational continua. - Angew. PflSoz. (Wien) Festschr. Aichinger 1: 168-182.
- Goodall, D. W. 1963. The continuum and the individualistic association. - Vegetatio 11: 297-316.10.1007/BF00303795
- Goodall, D. W. 1978a. Sample similarity and species correlation. - In: Whittaker, R.H. (ed.), Ordination of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 99-149.
- Goodall, D. W. 1978b. Numerical classification. In: Whittaker, R.H. (ed.), Classification of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 247-286.
- Gorham, E. 1953. The development of the humus layer in some woodlands of the English Lake District. J. Ecol. 41: 123-152.10.2307/2257105
- Gower, J. C. 1966. Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. - Biometrika 53: 325-338.10.1093/biomet/53.3-4.325
- Gower, J. C. 1967. Multivariate analysis and multidimensional geometry. - Statistician 17: 13-28.10.2307/2987199
- Gravir, R. 1922. Heibeiti i Telemark. - Nilssen, Skien.
- Green, R.H. 1980. Multivariate approaches in ecology: The assessment of ecologic similarity. - A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 1-14.10.1146/annurev.es.11.110180.000245
- Greig-Smith, P. 1964. Quantitative plant ecology, ed. 2. - Butterworth, London.
- Greig-Smith, P. 1980. The development of numerical classification and ordination. - Vegetatio 42: 1-9.10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_1
- Grolle, R. 1976. Verzeichnis der Lebermoose Europas und benachbarter Gebiete. - Feddes Reprium 87: 171-279.10.1002/fedr.19760870303
- Hadac, E. 1971. Notes on some plant communities of Blefjell, s. Norway. - Preslia 43: 202-217.
- Hägglund, B. & Lundmark, J.-E. 1977. Site index estimation by means of site properties of Scots pine and Norway spruce in Sweden. - Stud. for. suec. 138: 1-38.
- Hamet-Ahti, L. 1963. Zonation of the mountain birch forest in northernmost Fennoscandia. - Annls bot. Soc. Zool. bot. fenn. Vanamo 34: 4: 1-127.
- Hamet-Ahti, L. 1979. The dangers of using the timberline as the “zero line” in comparative studies on altitudinal vegetation zones. - Phytocoenologia 6: 49-54.10.1127/phyto/6/1979/49
- Hamet-Ahti, L. & Ahti, T. 1969. The homologies of the Fennoscandian mountain and coastal birch forests in Eurasia and North America. - Vegetatio 19: 208-219.10.1007/BF00259011
- Hafsten, U. 1958. Grunnbegreper i plantesosiologien. - Blyttia 1 6: 1-20.
- Hagen, M.E. 1976. Flora og vegetasjon i Grøvuomradet pa Nordmøre. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Trondheim, unpubl.
- Hajdu, L. 1981. Graphical comparison of resemblance measures in phytosociology. - Vegetatio 48: 47-59.10.1007/BF00117360
- Halvorsen, R. 1980. Numerical analysis and successional relationships of shell-bed vegetation at Akerøya, Hvaler, SE Norway. - Norw. J. Bot. 27: 71-95.
- Halvorsen, R. & Salvesen, P.H. 1983. Bidrag til Vest-Hardangerviddas karplanteflora. - Blyttia 41: 93-106.
- Hare, F.K. 1954. The boreal conifer zone. - Geogrl Stud. 1: 4-18.
- Harper, J.L. 1977. Population biology of plants. - Academic Press, London.
- Hartmann, F-.K. & Jahn, G. 1967. Waldgesellschaften des mitteleuropäischen Gebirgraumes nördlich der Alpen. Fischer, Stuttgart.
- Haug, K.M. 1970. Fjellskog ved Furusjøen, Fron, Oppland. En plantesosiologisk undersøkelse med vegetasjonskartlegging. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Oslo, unpubl.
- Havas, P. 1965. Pflanzenökologische Untersuchungungen im Winter. I. Zur Bedeutung der Schneedecke für das Überwintern von Heidel- und Preisselbeere. - Aquilo Ser. bot. 4: 1-36.
- Havas, P. P. 1971. The water economy of the bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) under winter conditions. - Rep. Kevo subarct. Res. Stn 8: 41-52.
- Hébant, C. 1977. The conducting tissues of bryophytes. - Bryophyt. Biblthca 10: 1-157.
- Hedberg, O. 1952. Botanical investigations in the Pältsa Region of northernmost Sweden. Vegetation. - Bot. Not Suppl. 3: 2: 45-73.
- Helland-Hansen, B. 1915. Snædekket og dets biologiske betydning. - Naturen 1915: 129-143, 161-174.
- Henning, E. 1889. Agronomiskt vaxtfysiognomiska studier i Jemtland. - Sver. geol. Unders. Ser. C Afh. Upps. 102: 2: 1-34.
- Hesjedal, O. 1973. Vegetasjonskartlegging. Landbruksbokhandelen, As-NLH.
- Hesselman, H. 1932. Om klimatets humiditet i vart land och dess inverkan pA mark, vegetation och skog. - Medd. St. Skogsförsanst. 26: 515-555.
- Hill, M.O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation an its consequenses. - Ecology 54: 427-432.10.2307/1934352
- Hill, M.O. 1979. DECORANA - A FORTRAN program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. - Cornell Univ., Ithaca, New York.
- Hill, M.O. & Gauch, M.G. 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. - Vegetatio 42: 47-58.10.1007/978-94-009-9197-2_7
- Hofsten, J. 1983. Arealressurser for landbruket i Lifjellomradet, Telemark. Malestokk 1: 50 000. Vegetasjonskartlegging og redigering av markslag utført av Jord-registerinstituttet i 1980 i samband med prosjekt landbruksressurser i mellombels verna vassdrag. - Bø Papir og Trykk, Bø i Telemark.
- Holmboe, J. 1926. Einige Grundzüge von der Pflanzengeographie Norwegens. - Bergens Mus. Arb. naturvid. Rekke 1924-25: 3: 1-54.
- Holmen, H. 1965. subalpine tall herb vegetation, site and standing crop. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 50: 240-248.
- Hosokawa, T., Odani, N. & Tagawa, H. 1964. Causality of distribution of corticolous species in forests with special reference to the physio-ecological approach. - Bryologist 67: 396-411.10.1639/0007-2745(1964)67[396:COTDOC]2.0.CO;2
- Hult, R. 1881. Försök till analytisk behandling av växtformationerna. - Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 8: 1-155.
- Hult, R. 1887. Die alpinen Pflanzenformationen des nördlichsten Finlands. - Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 14: 153-228.
- Hultén, E. 1950. Atlas över växternas utbredning i Norden, ed. 1. - Generalstabens litografiska anstalt, Stockholm.10.1080/11035895009451861
- Hultén, E. 1971. Atlas över växternas utbredning i Norden, ed. 2. - Generalstabens litografiska anstalt, Stockholm.
- Hurlbert, S.H. 1971. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters. - Ecology 52: 577-586.10.2307/193414528973811
- Huseby, K. & Odland, A. 1981. Botaniske undersøkelser i Vikedalsvassdraget, Vindafjord, Rogaland. - Bot. Inst. Univ. Bergen Rapp. 10: 1-45.
- Ilvessalo, Y. 1920. Tutkimuksia metsätyyppien taksatooriesta merkitysesta nojautuen etupaassa kotimaiseen kasvutaulujen laatimistyöhön. - Acta for. fenn. 15: 3: 1-157+1-51+1-32+1-26.10.14214/aff.7041
- Ilvessalo, Y. 1921. Über Waldtypen II. II. Die Waldtypen als Grundlage der neuen Ertragstafeln Finnlands. - Acta for. fenn. 20: 1: 42-63.10.14214/aff.7061
- Ilvessalo, Y. 1922. Vegetationsstatistische Untersuchungen über die Waldtypen. - Acta for. fenn. 20: 3: 1-73.10.14214/aff.7063
- Ilvessalo, Y. 1929. Notes on some forest (site) types in North America. - Acta for. fenn. 34: 1-111.10.14214/aff.7252
- Jalas, J. 1957. Die geobotanische Nordostgrenze der sag. Eichenzone Stidwestfinnlands. - Annls bot. Soc. zool.-bot. fenn. vanamo 29: 5: 1-32.
- Jensén, S. 1978. Influences of transformation of cover values on classification and ordination of lake vegetation. - Vegetatio 34: 19-31.10.1007/BF00117265
- Jørgensen, E. 1934. Norges levermoser. - Bergens Mus. Skr. 16: 1-343.
- Jørgensen, R. 1932. Karplantenes høidegrenser i Jotunheimen. -Nyt Mag. Naturv. 72: 1-130.
- Jonassen, S. 1981. Plant communities and species distribution of low alpine Betula nana heaths in northernmost Sweden. Vegetatio 44: 51-64.10.1007/BF00119804
- Kärenlampi, L. 1972. Comparisons between the microclimates of the Kevo ecosystem study sites and the Kevo meteorological station. - Rep. Kevo subarct. Res. Stn 9: 50-65.
- Kärenlampi, L. & Kauhanen, H. 1972. A direct gradient analysis of the vegetation of the surroundings of the Kevo subarctic station. - Rep. Kevo subarct. Res. Stn 9: 82-98.
- Kalela, A. 1939. Über Wiesen und wiesenartige Pflanzengesellschaften auf der Fischerhalbinsel in Petsamo Lappland. - Acta for. fenn. 48: 2: 1-523.10.14214/aff.7347
- Kalela, A. 1954. Zur Stellung der Waldtypen im System der Pflanzengesellschaften. - Vegetatio 5-6: 50-62.10.1007/BF00299553
- Kalela, A. 1958. Über die Waldvegetationszonen Finnlands. - Bot. Not. 111: 353-368.
- Kalela, A. 1959. Om Finlands skogsvegetationszoner. - Soc. scient. fenn. Arsb. 37 B: 6: 1-19.
- Kalela, A. 1960. Classification of the vegetation, especially the forests, with particular reference to regional problems. - Silva fenn. 105: 40-49.
- Kalela, A. 1961. Waldvegetationszonen Finnlands und ihre klimatischen Paralleltypen. - Archvm Soc. Zool. bot. fenn. Vanamo 16: Suppl.: 65-83.
- Kalela, A. 1962. Metsäkasvillisuusvyöhykkeistä ja niiden ilmastollisista rinnakkaistyypeistä. - Metsätaloudellinen aikakauslehti 1962: 9: 1-6.
- Kallio, P. & Heinonen, S. 1971. Influence of short-term low temperature on net photosynthesis in some subarctic lichens. - Rep. Kevo subarct. Res. Stn 8: 63-72.
- Kalliola, R. 1932. Alpiinisesta kasvillisuudesta Kammikivialueella Petsamon Lapissa. - Annls bot. Soc. zool. bot. fenn. Vanamo. 2: 2: 1-121.
- Kalliola, R. 1939. Pflanzensoziologische Untersuchungen in der Alpinen Stufe Finnish-Lapplands. - Annls bot. Soc. zool.-bot. fenn. Vanamo 13: 2: 1-328.
- Kalliola, R. 1973. Suomen kasvimaantiede. - Porvoo, Helsinki.
- Kappen, L. 1973. Response to extreme environments. - In: Ahmadjian, V. & Hale, M.E. (eds.), The lichens, Academic Press, New York, pp. 311-380.
- Kellman, M. C. 1974. Modes of vegetation analysis: retrospect and prospect. - Prof. Geogr. 26: 38-43.10.1111/j.0033-0124.1974.00038.x
- Kellman, M. C. 1980. Plant geography. - Methuen, London.
- Keränen, J. 1920. Über die Temperatur des Bodens und der Schneedecke in Sodankylä. - Annls Acad. scient. fenn. 13: 7: 1-197.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1962a. Plantesamfunn i skogen. - In: Børset, O. (ed.), Skogbruksboka. 2. Skogskjøtsel, Skogforlaget, Oslo, pp. 131-142.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1962b. Skogplantesamfunn i Skrukkelia. - Thesis, Vollebekk, mimeogr.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1965a. Fichtenwaldgesellschaften in NO-Polen und SO-Norwegen. - Mater. Zakl. fitosocjol. Stosowanej Uniw. Warsz. -Bialoweiza 6: 37-41.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1965b. Die Waldgesellschaften SO-Norwegens. - In: Dahl, E. & Kielland-Lund, J. {eds.), Exkursionsführer für die Exkursion der “Internationale pflanzensoziologische Vereinigung” durch SO-Norwegen vom 5. bis 11 Juli 1965, Vollebekk, mimeogr, pp. 30-33.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1967. Zur Systematik der Kiefernwalder Fennoscandiens. - Mitt. florist.-soziol. ArbGemeinschaft 11-12: 127-141.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1970. Skogøkologi. - Institutt for skogskjøtsel, Norges Landbrukshøgskole, As-NLH.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1971. A classification of Scandinavian forest vegetation for mapping purposes (draft). - IBP Nord. 7: 13-43.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1973. A classification of Scandinavian forest vegetation for mapping purposes. - IBP Nord. 11: 173-206.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1980. Østlandske skogplantesamfunn, inndeling og navnesetting - noen tanker i forbindelse med utarbeidelsen av et manuskript. - K. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1980: 5: 171-177.
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1981. Die Waldgesellschaften SO-Norwegens. - Phytocoenologia 9: 53-250.10.1127/phyto/9/1981/53
- Kielland-Lund, J. 1982. Forest types and their application to forestry in Norway. - Handb. Vegn Sci. 12: 377-386.
- Kilander, S. 1950. Det lagalpina bältets övre gräns och underbälten i östra Sydskanderna. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 44: 167-193.
- Kilander, S. 1955. Kärlväxternas övre gränser pa fjäll i sydvästra Jämtland samt angränsande delar av Härjedalen och Norge. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 35: 1-198.
- Kilander, S. 1965. Alpine zonation in the southern part of the Swedish Scandes. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 50: 78-84.
- Kjelvik, L.O. 1978. Barskogsvegetasjon i Øvre Forradalsomradet, Nord-Trøndelag. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Trondheim, unpubl.
- Klokk, T. 1974. Kartlegging og klassifisering av myr- og skogsvegetasjon i Klæbu, Sør-Trøndelag. Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Trondheim, unpubl.
- Knaben, G. 1952. Botanical investigations in the middle districts of Western Norway. - Univ. Bergen Arb. naturvit. Rekke 1950: 8: 1-117.
- Knapp, R. 1948. Einfülhrung in die Pflanzensoziologie. I. Arbeitsmethoden der Pflanzensoziologie und Eigenschaften der Pflanzengesellschaften. - Ulmer, Stuttgart.
- Koponen, T., Isoviita, P. & Lammes, T. 1977. The bryophytes of Finland: An annotated checklist. - Flora fepn. 6: 1-77.
- Kravtsova, V. 1972. Map of snow depth in Norway. - Norsk geogr. Tidsskr. 26: 17-26.10.1080/00291957208621937
- Krog, H., Østhagen, H. & Tønsberg, T. 1980. Lavflora. Norske busk- og bladlav. - Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
- Kujala, V. 1929. Untersuchungen über Waldtypen in Petsamo und in angrenzenden Teilen van Inari-Lappland. Communtnes Inst. Quaest. for. Finl. 13: 9: 1-125.
- Kujala, V. 1936. Tutkimuksia keski-ja Pohjoissuomen välisestä kasvillisuus rajasta. - Communtnes Inst. for. fenn. 22: 4: 1-95.
- Kujala, V. 1938. Metsätyyppien parallelisuudesta. - Communtnes Inst. for. fenn. 27: 1: 1-17.
- Kujala, V. 1945. Waldvegetationsuntersuchungen in Kanada mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anbaumöglichkeiten kanadischer Holzarten auf natürlichen Waldböden in Finnland. - Annls Acad. scient. fenn. Ser. A 4 Biol. 7: 1-434.
- Kujala, V. 1961. Über die Waldtypen der sildlichen Hälfte Finnlands. - Archvm Soc. zool. bot. fenn. Vanamo 16: Suppl: 14-22.
- Kullman, L. 1976. Recent trädgränsdynamik i V. Härjedalen. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 70: 107-137.
- Kullman, L. 1979. Change and stability in the altitude of the birch tree-limit in the southern Swedish Scandes 1915-1975. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 65: 1-121.
- Kummen, T. 1977. Bjørkeskog i Ytre Sunnfjord. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Bergen, unpubl.
- Kylin, H. 1923. Vaxtsociologiska randanmärkningar. - Bot. Not. 1923: 161-234.
- Kylin, H. 1926. Über Begriffsbildung und Statistik in der Pflanzensoziologie. - Bot. Not. 1926: 81-180.10.1007/978-3-642-91859-9_5
- Laaksonen, K. 1976a. Factors affecting mean air temperature in Fennoscandia October and January 1921-1950. - Fennia 145: 1-94.
- Laaksonen, K. 1976b. The dependence of mean air temperatures upon latitude and altitude in Fennoscandia (1921-1950). - Annls Acad. scient. fenn. Ser A 3 Geol. - Geogr. 119: 1-19.
- Laaksonen, K. 1976c. The influence of urban environments on average temperatures at meteorological stations in Fennoscandia (1921-1950). - Annls Acad. scient. fenn. Ser. A 3 Geol. -Geogr. 120: 1-18.
- Laaksonen, K. 1977. The influence of sea areas upon mean air temperatures in Fennoscandia (1921-1950). - Fennia 151: 57-128.
- Laaksonen, K. 1979. Areal distribution of monthly mean air temperatures in Fennoscandia (1921-1950). - Fennia 157: 1: 89-124.
- Lakari, O. J. 1920. Tutkimuksia Pohjois-Suomen metsätyypeistä. - Acta for. fenn. 14: 4: 1-85+1-8.10.14214/aff.7037
- Lambert, J.D.H. & Maycock, P.F. 1968. The ecology of terricolous lichens of the northern coniferous-hardwood forests of Central Eastern Canada. - Can. J. Bot. 46: 1043-1078.10.1139/b68-138
- Lance, G.N. & Williams, W. T. 1967. A general theory of classificatory sorting strategies. II. Clustering systems. - Computer J. 10: 271-277.10.1093/comjnl/10.3.271
- Lee,T.D. & La Roi, G. H. 1979. Bryophyte and understory vascular plant beta diversity in relation to moisture and elevation gradients. - Vegetatio 40: 29-38.10.1007/BF00052012
- Lid, J. 1959. The vascular plants of Hardangervidda, a mountain plateau of Southern Norway. - Nytt Mag. Bot. 7: 61-128.
- Lid, J. 1974. Norskog svensk flora, ed. 2. - Det Norske Samlaget, Oslo.
- Lie, H. 1919. Fjeldskogen. - Tidsskr. Skogbruk 27: 145-190.10.1159/000247961
- Lindblom, A. E. 1839. Bref under en resa i Norge. - Bot. Not. 1839: 36-38.
- Lindquist, B. 1954. Ein Waldtypenschema für die skandinavischen Buchenwälder. - Angew. PflSoz. (Wien) Festschr. Aichinger 2: 965-970.
- Linkola, K. 1917. Ita-Karjalan metsätyyppejä koskevia havaintoja. - Acta for. fenn. 7: 224-245.
- Lippmaa, T. 1929. Pflanzenökologische Untersuchungen aus Norwegisch- und Finnisch-Lappland unter besondere Berülcksichtigung der Lichtfrage. - Acta Inst. Horti bot. Univ. Tartuensis (Dorpatensis) 2: 1-146.
- Losvik, M.H. 1978. Vegetasjonsklassifikasjon og kartlegging med sikte pa anvendelse i landskapsplanlegging i Bergensregionen. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Bergen, unpubl.
- Loucks, O.L. 1962. Ordinating forest communities by means of environmental scalars and phytosociological indices. - Ecol. Monogr. 32: 137-166.10.2307/1942383
- Lundquist, J. 1968. Plant cover and environment of steep hillsides in Pite Lappmark. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 53: 1-153.
- Lye, K. A. 1966. A. quantitative and qualitative investigation of oceanic bryophyte communities and their relation to the environment. - Nytt Mag. Bot. 13: 87-133.10.1016/0039-9140(66)80129-7
- Lye, K. A. 1967. Enny inndeling av Norges plantegeografiske element. - Blyttia 25: 88-123.
- Lye, K. A. 1970. The horizontal and vertical distribution of oceanic plants in Southwest Norway and their relation to the environment. - Nytt Mag. Bot. 17: 25-48.
- Lye, K. A. 1972. Vegetation of selected localities for IBP investigation in Hardangervidda, Southern Norway. - IBP Nord. 8: 101-111.
- Lynge, B. 1921. Studies on the lichen flora of Norway. - Skr. VidenskSelsk. Kristiania mat. -naturvid. Klasse 1921: 7: 1-252.
- Maarel, E. van der. 1975. The Braun-Blanquet approach in perspective. - Vegetatio 30: 213-219.10.1007/BF02389711
- Maarel, E. van der. 1979. Transformation of cover-abundance values in phytosociology and its effect on community similarity. - Vegetatio 39: 97-114.10.1007/BF00052021
- Maarel, E. van der. & Leertouwer, J. 1967. Variation in vegetation and species diversity along a local environmental gradient. - Acta bot. neerl. 16: 211-221.10.1111/j.1438-8677.1967.tb00052.x
- Mårtensson, O. 1952. Botanical investigations in the Pältsa region of northernmost Sweden. A contribution to our knowledge of the moss flora of the Pältsa area. - Bot. Not. Suppl. 3: 2: 116-198.
- Martensson, O. 1956. Bryophytes of the Torneträask area, Northern Sweden. II. Musci. - K. svenska Vetenskakad Avh. Naturskyddsärenden 14: 1-321.
- MacArthur, R.H. 1965. Patterns of species diversity. - Biol. Rev. Camb. phil. Soc. 40: 510-533.10.1111/j.1469-185X.1965.tb00815.x
- McCune, B. & Antos, J. A. 1981. Diversity relationships of forest layers in the Swan Valley, Montana. - Bull. Torrey bot. Club 108: 354-361.10.2307/2484715
- McIntosh, R. P. 1967. The continuum concept of vegetation. - Bot. Rev. 33: 130-187.10.1007/BF02858667
- McIntosh, R. P. 1978. Matrix and plexus techniques. - In: Whittaker, R. H. (ed.), Ordination of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 151-184.
- McVean, D. N. 1964. The montane zone. - In: Burnett, J. H. (ed.), The vegetation of Scotland, Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 481-535.
- McVean, D. N. & Ratcliffe, R. A. 1962. Plant communities of the Scottish Highlands. - Monogr. Nat. Conserv. 1: 1-445.
- Malme, L. 1971. Oseaniske skog- og heiplantesamfunn pa fjellet Talstadhesten i Fræna, Nordvest-Norge, og deres forhold til omgivelsene. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Miscellanea 2: 1-39.
- Malmer, N. 1962. Studies on mire vegetation in the Archaean area of Southwestern Götaland (South Sweden). I. Vegetation and habitat conditions on the Akhult mire. - Opera bot. 7:1: 1-322.
- Malmer, N. 1968. Über die Gliederung der Oxycocco-Sphagnetea und Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae: Einige Vorschlage mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Verhältnisse in S-Schweden. - In: Tüxen, R. (ed.), Pflanzensoziologische Systematik. Bericht über das internationale Symposium in Stolzenau/Weser 1964, der Internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde, Junk, Den Haag, pp. 293-305.
- Malmer, N. & Sjörs, H. 1955. Some determinations of elementary constituents in mire plants and peat. - Bot. Not. 108: 46-80.
- Malmstrøm, C. 1949. Studier över skogstyper och trädslagsfördelning inom Västerbottens län. - Meddn St. Skogsförs Inst. 37: 1-231.
- Mark, A.F. 1963. Vegetation studies on Secretary Island, Fiordland. 3: The altitudinal gradient in forest composition, structure and regeneration. - N. Z. J. Bot. 1: 188-202.
- Marker, E. 1969. A vegetation study of Langøya, Southern Norway. - Nytt Mag. Bot. 16: 15-44.
- Martonne, E. de 1926. Une nouvelle fonction climatologique: l’indice d’aridité. - Météorologique 2: 449-458.10.3406/geo.1926.8506
- Matthews, J. A. 1978. An application of nonmetric multidimensional scaling to the construction of an improved species plexus. - J. Ecol. 66: 157-173.10.2307/2259186
- Matthews, J. A. 1979a. The vegetation of the Storbreen gletschervorfeld, Jotunheimen, Norway. I. Introduction and approaches involving classification. - J. Biogeogr. 6: 17-47.
- Matthews, J. A. 1979b. The vegetation of the Storbreen gletschervorfeld, Jotunheimen, Norway. II. Approaches involving ordination and general conclusions. - J. Biogeogr. 6: 133-167.
- Maycock, P.F. & Curtis, J.T. 1960. The phytosociology of boreal conifer-hardwood forests of the Great Lakes Region. - Ecol. Monogr. 30. 1-35.10.2307/1942179
- Meijer Drees, F. 1951. Capita selecta from modern plant sociology and a design for rules of phytosociological nomenclature. - Rapp. Bosbouwproefstation Bogor 52: 1-68.
- Moen, A. 1984. Myrundersøkelser i Møre og Romsdal i forbindelse med den norske myrreservatplanen. K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1984: 5: 1-86.
- Moen, B. F. 1978. Vegetasjonsøkologiske studier av subalpin skog pa Nerskogen, Sør-Trøndelag. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Trondheim, unpubl.
- Moen, B. F. 1979. Flora og vegetasjon i omradet Borrsasen-Børøya-Kattangen. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1979: 1: 1-71.
- Moral, R. del. 1972. Diversity patterns in forest vegetation of the Wenatchee Mountains, Washington. - Bull. Torrey bot. Club 99: 57-64.10.2307/2484199
- Moral, R. del. & Watson, A.F. 1978. Gradient structure of forest vegetation in the Central Washington Cascades. - Vegetatio 38: 29-48.10.1007/BF00141297
- Morgan, W. B. & Moss, R. P. 1965. Geography and ecology: The concept of the community and its relationship to environnent. - Ann. Ass. am. geogr. 55: 339-350.10.1111/j.1467-8306.1965.tb00522.x
- Mork, E. 1956. Vegetasjonstypenes utbredelse og fordeling pa boniteter og høyderegioner. - Taksering Norg. Skoger 11: 72-75.
- Mork, E. & Heiberg, H. H. H. 1937. Om vegetasjonen i Hirkjølen forsøksomrade. - Meddr norske SkogforsVesen 5: 614-684.
- Mork, E. & Lag, J. 1959. Vegetasjon i Ulvsjøberget forsøksomrade. - Meddr norske SkogforsVesen 16: 43-79.
- Mowbray, T.B. & Oosting, H. J. 1968. Vegetation gradients in relation to environment and phenology in a Southern Blue Ridge gorge. - Ecol. Monogr. 38: 309-344.10.2307/1948531
- Næss, A. 1981. Fjellplanteforekomster i barskogsomradene Nordmarka og Krokskogen nord for Oslo. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Oslo, unpubl.
- Naustdal, J. 1951. Karplantefloraen pa Gullfjellet i Fana. - Blyttia 9: 73-105.
- Nedkvitne, K. & Thomter, H.P. 1953. Forekomstene av naturlig gran innen Voss herad. - Tidsskr. Skogbruk 61: 239-268.
- Nihlgård, B. 1980. Skogsvegetation. - In: Balsberg, A. M. & Påhlsson, L. (eds.), Representativa naturtyper och hotade biotoper i Norden. Vegetationstyper, Nordiska Ministerradet, Lund, pp. 1: 1-83.
- Nilsson, A. 1902. Svenska vaxtsamhällen. - Tidskr. Skogshushallning 30: 127-147.
- Nordhagen, R. 1920. Om nomenklatur og begrepsdannelse i plantesociologien. - Nyt Mag. Naturvid. 57: 17-128.
- Nordhagen, R. 1924. Om homogenitet, konstans og minimiareal. - Nytt. Mag. Naturvid. 61: 1-51.
- Nordhagen, R. 1928. Die Vegetation und Flora des Sylenegebietes. - Skr. norske Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo mat. -naturvid. Klasse 1927: 1: 1-612.
- Nordhagen, R. 1937. Versuch einer neuen Einteilung der subalpinen-alpinen Vegetation Norwegens. - Bergens Mus. Arb. naturvid. Rekke 1936: 7: 1-88.
- Nordhagen, R. 1943. Sikilsdalen og Norges fjellbeiter. - Bergens Mus. Skr. 22: 1-607.
- Nordhagen, R. 1954a. Vegetation units in the mountain area of Scandinavia. - Veröff. geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 29: 81-95.
- Nordhagen, R. 1954b. Floristiske undersøkelser pa Vestlandet. I. Botaniske streiftog i Ytre Nordfjord. - Univ. Bergen Arb. naturvit. Rekke 1953: 1: 1-39.
- Nordiska ministerradet, 1977. Naturgeografisk regioninndeling av Norden. - Nord. Utredn. B 1977: 34: 1-137.
- Norman, J. M. 1895. Norges arktiske flora. 2. Oversigtlig fremstilling af karplanternes udbredning, forhold til omgivelserne, mm. I. - Aschehoug, Kristiania.
- Norman, J. M. 1901. Norges arktiske flora. 2. oversigtlig fremstilling af karplanternes udbredning, forhold til omgivelserne, mm. II. - Aschehoug, Kristiania.
- Norske Meteorologiske Institutt, unpubl. Foreløpige nedbørsnormaler 1931-1960.
- Nybø, E. 1959. Litt om floraen i Bukollen og i noen andre fjell mellom Sperillen og Krøderen. - Blyttia 17: 86-89.
- Nyholm, E. 1954-69. Illustrated moss flora of Fennoscandia. II. Musci. - CWK Gleerup, Lund & Swedish natural science research council, Stockholm.
- Oberdorfer, E. 1957. Sülddeutsche Pflanzengesellschaften. Fischer, Jena.
- Oberdorfer, E. 1968. Assoziation, Gebietsassoziation, Geographische Rasse. - In: Tüxen, R. (ed.), Pflanzensoziologische Systematik. Bericht über das internationale Symposium in Stolzenau/Weser 1964, der Internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde, Junk, Den Haag, pp. 124-131.
- Odland, A. 1978. En plantesosiologisk undersøkelse av skogsvegetasjonen i Røldal, Hordaland. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Bergen, Unpubl.
- Odland, A. 1979. Botaniske undersøkelser i Vosso-vassdraget. - Bot. Mus. Univ. Bergen Rapp. 6: 1-79.
- Odland, A. 1981a. Botaniske undersøkelser i Undredalsvassdraget. - Bot. Inst. Univ. Bergen Rapp. 8: 1-34.
- Odland, A. 1981b. Botaniske undersøkelser i Ørsta-vassdraget. - Bot. Inst. Univ. Bergen Rapp. 9: 1-33.
- Odland, A. 1981c. Pre- and subalpine tall herb and fern vegetation in Røldal, W Norway. - Nord. J. Bot. 1: 671-690.
- Olsson, H. 1974. Acidophilous oak forests in South Sweden. - Colloques phytosociol. 3: 261-271.
- Omberg, A. 1980. Noen furuskogstyper i Ulvik, Hordaland. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1980: 5: 92-102.
- Orloci, L. 1978. Multivariate analysis in vegetation research, ed. 2, - Junk, The Hague.
- Pakarinen, P. & Rinne, R. J. K. 1979. Growth rates and heavy metal concentrations of five moss species in paludified spruce forests. - Lindbergia 5: 77-83.
- Passarge, H. 1964. Pflanzengesellschaften des nordostdeutschen Flachlandes I. - Pflanzensoziologie 13: 1-324.
- Passarge, H. 1968. Neue Vorschlage zur Systematik nord-mittel-europäischer Waldgesellschaften. - Feddes Reprium 77: 75-103.10.1002/fedr.4910770109
- Passarge, H. & Hofmann, G. 1968. Pflanzengesellschaften des nordost-deutschen Flachlandes II. - Pflanzensoziologie 16: 1-298.
- Peet, R. K. 1974. The measurement of species diversity. - A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 5: 285-307.10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001441
- Peet, R. K. 1975. Relative diversity indices. - Ecology 56: 496-498.10.2307/1934984
- Peet, R. K. 1978a. Forest vegetation of the Colorado Front Range: patterns of species diversity. - Vegetatio 37: 65-78.10.1007/BF00126830
- Peet, R. K. 1978b. Latitudinal variation in Southern Rocky Mountain forests. - J. Biogeogr. 5: 275-289.10.2307/3038041
- Peet, R. K. 1981. Forest vegetation of the Colorado Front Range: composition and dynamics. - Vegetatio 45: 3-75.10.1007/BF00240202
- Peet, R. K. & Loucks, O. L. 1977. A gradient analysis of Southern Wisconsin forests. - Ecology 58: 485-499.10.2307/1938999
- Persson, Å. 1961. Mire and spring vegetation in an area north of Lake Tornetrask, Torne Lappmark, Sweden. I. Description of the vegetation. - Opera bot. 6: 1: 1-187.
- Pianka, E.R. 1978. Evolutionary ecology, ed. 2. - Harper & Row, New York.
- Pielou, E. C. 1975. Ecological diversity. - Wiley, New York.
- Pielou, E. C. 1977. Mathematical ecology. - Wiley, New York.
- Pignatti, s. 1968. Die Inflation der höheren pflanzensoziologischen Einheiten. - In: Tülxen, R. (ed.), Pflanzensoziologische Systematik. Bericht über das internationale Symposium in Stolzenau/Weser 1964, der Internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde, Junk, Den Haag, pp. 85-88.
- Poore, M. E. D. 1955a. The use of phytosociological methods in ecological investigations. I. The Braun-Blanquet system. - J. Ecol. 43: 226-244.10.2307/2257132
- Poore, M. E. D. 1955b. The use of phytosociological methods in ecological investigations. II. Practical issues involved in an attempt to apply the Braun-Blanquet system. - J. Ecol. 43: 245-269.10.2307/2257133
- Poore, M. E. D. 1955c. The use of phytosociological methods in ecological investigations. III. Practical application. - J. Ecol. 43: 606-631.10.2307/2257014
- Poore, M. E. D. 1956. The use of phytosociological methods in ecological investigations. IV. General discussion of phytosociological problems. - J. Ecol. 44: 28-50.10.2307/2257153
- Poore, M. E. D. 1962. The method of successive approximation in descriptive ecology. - Adv. ecol. Res. 1: 35-68.10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60300-1
- Poore, M. E. D. 1964. Integration in the plant community. - J. Ecol. 52: Suppl.: 213-226.10.2307/2441
- Poore, M. E. D. & McVean, D.N. 1957. A new approach to Scottish mountain vegetation. - J. Ecol. 45: 401-439.10.2307/2256926
- Prentice, I. C. 1977. Non-metric ordination methods in ecology. - J. Ecol. 65: 85-94.10.2307/2259064
- Preston, F. W. 1948. The commonness, and rarity, of species. - Ecology 29: 254-283.
- Pritchard, N. M. & Anderson, A.J.B. 1971. Observations on the use of cluster analysis in botany with an ecological example. - J. Ecol. 59: 727-747.10.2307/2258136
- Ramensky, L. G. 1930. Zur Methodik der vergleichenden Bearbeitung und Ordnung von Pflanzenlisten und anderen Objekten, die durch mehrere, verschiedenartig wirkende Faktoren bestimmt werden. - Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 18: 269-304.
- Raunkiær, C. 1918. Recherches statistiques sur les formations vegetales. - Biol. Meddr k. danske Vidensk. Selsk. 1: 3: 1-80.
- Ray, P. M. 1972. The living plant, ed. 2. - Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.
- Regel, C. 1952. Botanische Betrachtungen auf einer Reise in Schweden. - Ber. geobot. Forsch Inst. Rübel Zürich 1951: 35-55.
- Resvoll, T.R. 1917. Om planter som passer til kort og kold sommer. - Arch. Math. Naturvid. 35: 6: 1-224.
- Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1912. Om vegetationen ved Tessevand i Lorn. - Skr. VidenskSelsk. Kristiania mat.-naturvid. Klasse 1912: 16: 1-50.
- Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1914a. Statistiske vegetationsundersøgelser fra Maalselvdalen i Tromsø amt. - Skr. VidenskSelsk. Kristiania mat.- naturvid. Klasse 1913: 13: 1-42
- Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1914b. Statistiske vegetationsundersøgelser fra Foldalsfjeldene. - Skr. VidenskSelsk. Kristiania mat.-naturvid. Klasse 1914: 7: 1-75.
- Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1918. Fra fjeldskogene i det østenfjeldske Norge. - Tidsskr. Skogbruk 26: 107-223.
- Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1920. Om fjeldvegetationen i det østenfjeldske Norge. - Arch. Math. Naturvid. 37: 1: 1-266.
- Resvoll-Holmsen, H. 1932. Om planteveksten i grensetrakter mellem Hallingdal og Valdres. - Skr. VidenskSelsk. Kristiania mat.-naturvid. Klasse 1931: 9: 1-50.
- Rodvelt, O. & Sekse, L. 1980. Eit forslag til sosiologisk inndeling av blabærdominert vegetasjon i Sør-Noreg. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Rapp. bot. Ser. 1980: 5: 103-117.
- Ronge, E. 1936a. Skogsmarkstyper och bestandsbehandling, ett försök till populär lokal “skogsvardskatekes”. Norrl. Skogsvardsförb. Tidskr. 1936: 141-186.
- Ronge, E. 1936b. Skogsvardsschema. Schematiserade anvisningar till ledning vid bestandsbehandling a olika marktypsgrupper omslutande huvudparten av förekommande skogsmarker inom Norrland, ed. 2. - Kramfors.
- Rudberg, S. 1968. Geology and geomorphology. - In: Sømme, A. (ed.), A geography of Norden, ed. 3, Uriiversitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp. 31-47.
- Rune, O. 1965. The mountain regions of Lappland. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 50: 64-77.
- Ruuhijärvi, R. 1960. Über die regionale Einteilung der nordfinnischen Moore. - Annls bot. Soc. zool. bot. fenn. Vanamo 31: 1: 1-360.
- Samuelsson, G. 1917a. Studien über die Vegetation der Hochgebirgsgegenden von Dalarne. - Nova Acta regia Soc. scient. upsal. Ser. 4 4: 8: 1-252.
- Samuelsson, G. 1917b. Studien über die Vegetation bei Finse im inneren Hardanger. - Nyt Mag. Naturvid. 55: 1-108.
- Samuelsson, G. 1938. Om floran i Nordfjord. - Nytt Mag. Naturvid. 78: 37-65.
- Salvesen, P.H. 1982. Innledende studier av Festuca vivipara (L.) Sm. - Geitsvingel. - Cand. real. Thesis, Univ. Oslo, unpubl.
- Schimper, A. F. W. 1898. Pflanzen-geographie auf physiologischer Grundlage. - Fischer, Jena.
- Schofield, W. B. 1972. Bryology in arctic and boreal North America and Greenland. - Can. J. Bot. 50: 1111-1133.10.1139/b72-137
- Schuster, R. M. 1966. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America east of the hundredth meridian. 1. - Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
- Schwickerath, M. 1954. Lokale Characterarten - geographische Differentialarten. - Veröff. geobot. Inst. Rübel Zürich 29: 96-104.
- Schwickerath, M. 1968. Begriff und Bedeutung der geographischen Differential-arten. In: Tülxen, R. (ed.), Pflanzensoziologische Systematik. Bericht über das internationale Symposium in Stolzenau/Weser 1964, der Internationalen Vereinigung fiir Vegetationskunde, Junk, Den Haag, pp. 78-84.
- Scott, G.A.M., Mark, A.F. & Sanderson, F.R. 1964. Altitudinal variation in forest composition near Lake Hankinson, Fiordland. - N.Z.J. Bot. 2: 310-323.10.1080/0028825X.1964.10443950
- Scotter, G.W. 1963. Growth rates of Cladonia alpestris, C. mitis, and C. rangiferina in the Taltson River region, N.W.T. - Can. J. Bot. 41: 1199-1202.10.1139/b63-100
- Selander, s. 1950. Floristic phytogeography of South Western Lule Lappmark (Swedish Lapland) I. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 27: 1-200.
- Sernander, R. 1899. Studier öfver vegetationen i mellersta Skandinaviens fjälltrakter. 2. Fjällväxter i barrskogsregionen. - Bih. k. svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. Afd. 3 24: 11: 1-56.
- Shimwell, D. W. 1971. The description and classification of vegetation. - Sidgwich & Jackson, London.
- Sjörs, H. 1947. Myrvegetationen i övre Langanomradet i Jämtland. - Ark. Bot. k. svenska VetenskAkad. 33A: 6: 1-96.
- Sjörs, H. 1948. Myrvegetation i Bergslagen. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 21: 1-299.
- Sjörs, H. 1950. Regional studies in North Swedish mire vegetation. - Bot. Not. 1950: 173-222.
- Sjörs, H. 1954. Statterängar i Grangärde finnmark. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 34: 1-135.
- Sjörs, H. 1963. Amphi-atlantic zonation. Nemoral to arctic. - In: Löve, A. & Löve, D. (eds.), North Atlantic biota and their history, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 109-125.
- Sjörs, H. 1965. Forest regions. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 50: 48-63.
- Sjörs, H. 1967. Nordisk växtgeografi, ed. 2. - Svenska bokförlaget, Stockholm.
- Sjörs, H. 1971. Ekologisk botanik. - Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm.
- Skogen, A. 1965. Flora og vegetasjon i Ørland herred, SørTrøndelag. - K. norske Vidensk. Selsk. Mus. Arb. 1965: 13-124.
- Skogen, A. 1976. Noen fjellplantefunn fra devon-omradene i Hyen, i relasjon til fjellfloraen i Nordfjord., - Blyttia 34: 173-187.
- Skre, O. 1972. High temperature demands for growth and development in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Scandinavia. - Meld. Norg. LandbrHøgsk. 51:7:1-29.
- Skre, O. 1979a. The regional distribution of vascular plants in Scandinavia with requirements for high summer temperatures. - Norw. J. Bot. 26: 295-318.
- Skre, O. 1979b. The accumulated annual respiration as a measure of energy demands for growth in some Scandinavian plants. - Natn. swed. Environment Protection Bd Rep. PM 1151: 292-298.
- Slack, N. G. 1977. Species diversity and community structure in bryophytes: New York State studies. - N. Y. St. Mus. Bull. 428: 1-70.10.5962/bhl.title.135535
- Slack, N. G. 1982. Bryophytes in relation to ecological niche theory. J. Hattori bot. Lab. 52: 199-217.
- Smith, S. 1920. Vegetationen och dess utvecklingshistoria i det centralsvenska högfjällsomradet. - Norrl. Handbibltk 9: 1-238.
- Sneath, P.H.A. & Sokal, R.R. 1973. Numerical taxonomy. - Freeman, San Fransisco.
- Söyrinki, N. 1938. Studien über die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. I. Allgemeiner Teil. - Annls bot. Soc. zool. -bot. fenn. Vanamo 11: 1: 1-311.
- Sokal, R. R. & Michener, C. D. 1958. A statistic method for evaluating systematic relationships. - Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 38: 1409-1438.
- Sokal, R. R. & Michener, C. D. & Rohlf, F.J. 1969. Biometry. - Freeman, San Fransisco.
- Sonesson, M. 1967. Studies on mire vegetation in the Torneträsk area, Northern Sweden. I. Regional aspects. - Bot. Not. 120: 272-296.
- Sonesson, M. 1970. Studies on mire vegetation in the Torneträsk area, Northern Sweden. III. Communities of the poor mires. - Opera bot. 26: 1-120.
- Sonesson, M. & Lundberg, B. 1974. Late Quaternary forest development of the Torneträsk area, Northern Sweden. 1. Structure of modern forest ecosystems. - Oikos 25: 121-133.
- Størmer, P. 1941. Bidrag til Telemarks bladmosflora. - Nytt Mag. Naturvid. 81: 81-101.
- Størmer, P. 1969. Mosses with a Western and Southern distribution in Norway. - Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.10.2307/3543240
- Sylvén, N. 1904. Studier öfver vegetationen i Torne Lappmarks björkregion. - Ark. Bot. k. svenska VetenskAkad. 3: 3: 1-28.
- Tamm, O. 1935. Et försök till klassifikation av skogsmarken i Sverige. - Meddn St. SkogförsAnst. 28: 269-298.
- Tamm, C.O. 1953. Growth, yield and nutrition in carpets of a forest moss (Hylocomium splendens). - Meddn St. SkogsförsInst. 43: 1-140.
- Tengwall, T. A. 1920. Die Vegetation des Sarekgebietes. Erste Abteilung. - Naturw. Unters. Sarekgeb. schwedisch-Lappl. 3:267-436.
- Tengwall, T. A. 1925. Die Vegetation des Sarekgebietes. Zweite Abteilung. - Naturw. Unters. Sarekgeb. schwedisch-Lappl. 3: 703-774.
- Tengwall, T. A. 1928. Renlavarnas tillvaxt och biologi i Torne och Lule lappmarker. - Svensk bot. Tidskr. 22: 18-32.
- Thannheiser, D. 1975. Vegetationsgeographische Untersuchungen auf der Finnmarksvidda im Gebiet von Masi/Norwegen. -Westf. geogr. Stud. 31: 1-178.
- Topham, P. B. 1977. Colonization, growth, succession and competition. - In: Seaward, M.R.D. (ed.), Lichen ecology, Academic Press, London, pp. 31-68.
- Trass, H. & Malmer, N. 1978. North European approaches to classification. - In: Whittaker, R.H. (ed.), Classification of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 201-245.
- Tuhkanen, S. 1980. Climatic parameters and indices in plant geography. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 67: 1-105.
- Tuomikoski, R. 1942. Untersuchungen tiber die Untervegetation der Bruchmoore in Ostfinnland. I. Zur Methodik der pflanzensoziologischen Systematik. Annls bot. Soc. zool.-bot. fenn. Vanamo 17: 1: 1-203.
- Ve, S. 1930. Skogstrærnes forekomst og høidegrenser i Ardal. - Meddr Vestl. forstl. ForsStn 4: 3: 1-94.
- Ve, S. 1940. Skog og treslag i Indre Sogn fra Lærdal til Fillefjell. - Meddr Vestl. forstl. ForsStn 7: 1: 1-224.
- Vestergren, T. 1902. Om den olikformiga snöbeteckningens innflytande pa vegetationen i Sarekfjällen. Bot. Not. 1902: 241-268.
- Vevle, O. 1980. Artiklar, avhandlingar, kart m.v. om botaniske forhold i Telemark. - Prosjekt Temakart ArbRapp. 6: 1-51.
- Vorren, K. -D. 1979a. Myrinventeringer i Nordland, Troms og Finnmark sommeren 1976, i forbindelse med den norske myrreservatplanen. - Tromura Naturvit. 3: 1-116.
- Vorren, K. -D. 1979b. Die Moorvegetation in Namdalen, Mittel-Norwegen. Eine Untersuchung mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des ozeanischen Gradienten der sildborealen Hochmoorvegetation. - Tromura Naturvit. 8: 1-102.
- Waldemarson Jensén, E. 1980. Alpin vegetation. - In: Balsberg, A.M. & Pahlsson, L. (eds.), Representativa naturtyper och hotade biotoper i Norden. Vegetationstyper, Nordiska Ministerradet, Lund, pp. 1: 1-99.
- Wali, M. K. & Krajina, V.J. 1973. Vegetation - environmental relationships of some sub-boreal spruce zone ecosystems in British Columbia. - Vegetatio 26: 237-381.10.1007/BF02389538
- Walker, B. H. & Coupland, R. T. 1968. An analysis of vegetation - environment relationships in Saskatschewan sloughs. - Can. J. Bot. 46: 509-522.10.1139/b68-076
- Walter, H. & Walter, E. 1953. Einige allgemeine Ergebnisse unserer Forschungsreise nach Sildwestafrika 1952/53: Das Gesetz der relativen Standortskonstanz; das Wesen der Pflanzengemeinschaften. - Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 66: 228-236.
- Waring, R.H. & Major, J. 1964. Some vegetation of the Californian coastal redwood region in relation to gradients of moisture, nutrients, light, and temperature. - Ecol. Monogr. 34: 167-215.
- Watson, E. V. 1971. The structure and life of bryophytes, ed. 3. - Hutchinson Univ. Library, London.
- Watson, M. A. 1980. Patterns of habitat occupation in mosses - relevance to considerations of the niche. - Bull. Torrey bot. Club 107: 346-372.10.2307/2484157
- Webb, D.A. 1954. Is the classification of plant communities either possible or desirable? - Bot. Tidsskr. 51: 362-370.
- Wells, J.A. & Mark, A.F. 1966. The altitudinal sequence of climax vegetation on Mt. Anglem, Stewart Island. I. The principal strata. - N. Z. J. Bot. 4: 267-282.
- Werenskiold, W. 1909. Om Øst-Telemarken. - Norg. geol. Unders. Aarb. 1909: 2: 1-70.
- Werger, M. J. A. 1974. The place of the Zürich-Montpellier method in vegetation science. Folia geobot. & phytotax. 9: 99-109.10.1007/BF02851406
- Werger, M. J. A. & Gils, H. van. 1976. Phytosociologicql classification in chorological borderline areas. - J. Biogeogr. 3: 49-54.10.2307/3038098
- Werner Johannessen, T. 1960. Monthly frequencies of concurrent wind forces and wind directions in Norway. - Norske meteorologiske Institutt, Oslo.
- Werner Johannessen, T. 1977. Vær- og klimaforhold. In: Gjessing, J. (ed.), Norges geografi, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, pp. 61-126.
- Westhoff, V. & Maarel, E. van der. 1978. The Braun-Blanquet approach. - In: Whittaker, R. H. (ed.), Classification of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 287-399.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1951. A criticism of the plant association and climatic climax concepts. - NW. Sci. 25: 17-31.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1953. A consideration of climax theory: the climax as a population and pattern. - Ecol. Monogr. 23: 41-78.10.2307/1943519
- Whittaker, R. H. 1956. Vegetation of the Great Smoky Mountains. - Ecol. Monogr. 26: 1-80.10.2307/1943577
- Whittaker, R. H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. - Ecol. Monogr. 30: 279-338.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1962. Classification of natural communities. - Bot. Rev. 28: 1-239.10.1007/BF02860872
- Whittaker, R. H. 1965. Dominance and diversity in land plant communities. - Science 147: 250-260.10.1126/science.147.3655.25017788203
- Whittaker, R. H. 1967. Gradient analysis of vegetation. - Biol. Rev. Camb. phil. Soc. 42: 207-264.10.1111/j.1469-185X.1967.tb01419.x4859903
- Whittaker, R. H. 1969. Evolution of diversity in plant communities. -Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 22: 178-196.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1970. The population structure of vegetation. - In: Tilxen, R. (ed.), Gesellschaftsmorphologie. Bericht über das internationale Symposion der internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde in Rinteln 4.-7. April 1966, Junk, Den Haag, pp. 39-62.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1972a. Evolution and measurement of species diversity. - Taxon 21: 213-251.10.2307/1218190
- Whittaker, R. H. 1972b. Convergences of ordination and classification. - In: Maarel, E. van der & Tüxen, R. (eds.), Grundfragen und methoden in der Pflanzensoziologie. Bericht über das internationale Symposion der internationalen Vereinigung für Vegetationskunde 1970 in Rinteln, Junk, Den Haag, pp. 39-54.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1977. Evolution of species diversity in land communities. - Evol. Biol. 10: 1-67.10.1007/978-1-4615-6953-4_1
- Whittaker, R. H. 1978a. Introduction. In: Whittaker, R.H. (ed.), Ordination of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 3-6.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1978b. Direct gradient analysis. - In: Whittaker, R.H. (ed.), Ordination of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 7-50.
- Whittaker, R. H. 1978c. Approaches to classifying vegetation. - In: Whittaker, R. H. (ed.), Classification of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 1-31.
- Whittaker, R. H. & Fairbanks, C.W. 1958. A study of plankton copepod communities in the Columbia Basin, Southeastern Washington. - Ecology 39: 46-65.
- Whittaker, R. H. & Gauch, H.G. 1978. Evaluation of ordination techniques. - In: Whittaker, R. H. (ed.), Ordination of plant communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 277-336.
- Whittaker, R. H. Levin, S.A. & Root, R.B. 1973. Niche, habitat and ecotope. - Am. Nat. 107: 321-338.
- Whittaker, R. H. & Niering, W.A. 1965. Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains: a gradient analysis of the south slope. - Ecology 46: 429-452.10.2307/1934875
- Whittaker, R. H. & Niering, W.A. 1968. Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains. IV. Limestone and acid soils. J. Ecol. 56: 523-544.10.2307/2258249
- Wielgolaski, F.E., Kjelvik, s. & Kallio, P. 1975. Mineral content of tundra and forest tundra plants in Fennoscandia. - Ecol. Stud. 16, 316-332.
- Wikum, D.A. & Wali, M.K. 1974. Analysis of a North Dakota gallery forest: vegetation in relation to topographic and soil gradients. - Ecol. Monogr. 44: 441-464.10.2307/1942449
- Wille, H. J. 1786. Beskrivelse over Sillejords Præstegield i Øvre-Tellemarken i Norge. - Gyldendal, Kiøbenhavn.
- Wille, N. 1902. Vegetationen i Seljord i Telemarken efter 100 aars forløb. - Nyt Mag. Naturvid. 40: 65-98.
- Wille, N. & Holmboe, J. 1903. Dryas octopetala bei Langesund. Eine glaciale Pseudorelikte. - Nyt Mag. Naturvid. 41: 27-43.
- Williams, W. T. & Lambert, J. M. 1959. Multivariate methods in plant ecology. I. Association-analysis in plant communities. - J. Ecol. 47: 83-101.10.2307/2257249
- Williams, W. T. & Lambert, J. M. 1960. Multivariate methods in plant ecology. II. The use of an electronic digital computer for association-analysis. - J. Ecol. 48: 689-710.10.2307/2257343
- Williamson, M. H. 1978. The ordination of incidence data. - J. Ecol. 66: 911-920.10.2307/2259303
- Wistrand, G. 1962. Studier i Pite Lappmarks kärlväxtflora med särskild hänsyn till skogslandet och de isolerade fjällen. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 45: 1-211.
- Wistrand, G. 1965. Vegetation and flora of alpine outliers. - Acta phytogeogr. suec. 50: 219-221.
- Yarranton, G. A. 1975. Population growth in Cladonia stellaris (Opiz.) Pouz. and Vezda. - New Phytol. 75: 99-110.10.1111/j.1469-8137.1975.tb01376.x
- Zobel, D. B., McKee, A. & Hawk, G. M. 1976. Relationships of environment to composition, structure, and diversity of forest communities of the Central Western Cascades of Oregon. - Ecol. Monogr. 46: 135-156.
- Zoller, H. 1956. Die natürliche Grossgliederung der fennoskandischen Vegetation und Flora. - Ber. geobot. ForschInst. Rübel Zürich 1955: 74-98.
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 171
Published on: Aug 10, 2021
Published by: University of Oslo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2021 R. H. Økland, E. Bendiksen, published by University of Oslo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.