Distribution of lifestyle risk factors in the clusters_
| Lifestyle risk factors | Cluster 1. Healthy lifestyle (n=1202) | Cluster 2. Low fruit and vegetable intake (n=1847) | Cluster 3. Physical inactivity (n=1931) | Cluster 4. Smoking and other LRFs (n=2147) | Cluster 5. Risky drinking and other LRFs (n=758) | Total (n=7885) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 52.5 | 33.1 |
| Physical inactivity (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 37.7 | 30.3 | 38.2 |
| Risky drinking (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 10.5 |
| Low fruit and vegetable intake (%) | 0.0 | 100.0 | 59.6 | 68.7 | 67.4 | 63.1 |
Multinomial logistic regression model estimating the association between cluster membership and socio-demographic characteristics_
| Lifestyle risk factors | Cluster 2. Low fruit and vegetable intake; OR (95% CI) | Cluster 3. Physical inactivity; OR (95% CI) | Cluster 4. Smoking and other LRFs; OR (95% CI) | Cluster 5. Risky drinking and other LRFs; OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| women | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| men | 1.33 (1.32–1.33)* | 0.78 (0.77–0.78)* | 1.01 (1.01–1.02)* | 4.99 (4.95–5.04)* |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–34 | 1.88 (1.86–1.90)* | 1.04 (1.03–1.05)* | 1.42 (1.40–1.43)* | 3.53 (3.48–3.57)* |
| 35–54 | 1.51 (1.50–1.52)* | 0.99 (0.98–1.00)* | 2.01 (1.99–2.02)* | 2.37 (2.34–2.39)* |
| 55 and over | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Marital status | ||||
| married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| single | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.38(1.37–1.39)* | 1.21 (1.21–1.22)* | 1.22 (1.21–1.23)* |
| Region of Serbia | ||||
| Belgrade | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Vojvodina | 1.76 (1.74–1.77)* | 0.97 (0.97–0.98)* | 1.28 (1.27–1.29)* | 1.58 (1.56–1.60)* |
| Sumadija and Western Serbia | 3.00 (2.97–3.03)* | 0.99 (0.98–0.99)* | 1.27 (1.26–1.28)* | 1.22 (1.20–1.24)* |
| Southern and Eastern Serbia | 1.60 (1.58–1.61)* | 1.06 (1.05–1.07)* | 1.03 (1.02–1.05)* | 2.42 (2.39–2.48)* |
| Education level | ||||
| postsecondary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| secondary | 1.44 (1.43–1.45)* | 0.83 (0.82–0.83)* | 1.49(1.48–1.50)* | 1.45 (1.44–1.47)* |
| primary | 1.95 (1.93–1.97)* | 1.11(1.10–1.12)* | 1.79 (1.77–1.81)* | 1.19 (1.17–1.21)* |
Descriptive statistics for socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors and self-rated health in the Serbian adult population_
| Variables | n (%) | weighted % |
|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||
| Gender | ||
| women | 4138 (52.5) | 53.2 |
| men | 3747 (47.5) | 46.8 |
| Age (years) | ||
| 18–34 | 1696 (21.5) | 24.7 |
| 35–54 | 2578 (32.7) | 35.4 |
| 55 and over | 3611 (45.8) | 39.9 |
| Marital status | ||
| married | 4975 (63.2) | 61.3 |
| single | 2896 (36.8) | 38.7 |
| Region of Serbia | ||
| Belgrade | 1534 (19.5) | 20.6 |
| Vojvodina | 2109 (26.7) | 31.0 |
| Sumadija and Western Serbia | 2831 (35.9) | 30.4 |
| Southern and Eastern Serbia | 1411 (17.9) | 18.0 |
| Education level | ||
| postsecondary | 1598 (20.3) | 22.4 |
| secondary | 4513 (57.2) | 57.3 |
| primary | 1773 (22.5) | 20.4 |
| Lifestyle risk factors1 | ||
| Smoking | 2540 (32.2) | 33.1 |
| Risky alcohol drinking | 758 (9.6) | 10.5 |
| Physical inactivity | 2960 (37.5) | 38.2 |
| Low fruit and vegetable intake | 4982 (63.2) | 63.1 |
| Self-rated health | ||
| very good | 1928 (24.5) | 26.7 |
| good | 3120 (39.6) | 40.2 |
| fair | 2002 (25.4) | 23.7 |
| bad | 696 (8.8) | 7.9 |
| very bad | 136 (1.7) | 1.5 |
| Total2 | 7885 (100.0) | 100.0 |
Association between poor SRH and lifestyle clusters_
| Lifestyle clusters | Unadjusted model; OR (95% CI) | Model 1; OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster 1 (Healthy lifestyle) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cluster 2 (Low fruit and vegetable intake) | 0.95 (0.94–0.96)* | 1.16 (1.14–1.17)* | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) |
| Cluster 3 (Physical inactivity) | 2.88 (2.84–2.91)* | 3.07 (3.04–3.11)* | 2.97 (2.93–3.01)* |
| Cluster 4 (Smoking and other LRFs) | 1.49 (1.48–1.51)* | 1.88 (1.85–1.90)* | 1.82 (1.80–1.85)* |
| Cluster 5 (Risky drinking and other LRFs) | 0.61 (0.60–0.63)* | 1.13 (1.11–1.16)* | 1.09 (1.07–1.11)* |