Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Suspected Allergens_
| Number (%)/Mean±SD | |
|---|---|
| Medication | 189 (22.3%) |
| Antibiotic | 93 (11.0%) |
| Analgesic and NSAID | 33 (3.9%) |
| Other medication | 35 (4.1%) |
| Unknown medication | 28 (3.3%) |
| Sting or bite | 164 (19.4%) |
| Bee sting | 72 (8.5%) |
| Wasp sting | 48 (5.7%) |
| Hornet sting | 27 (3.2%) |
| Other sting or bite | 17 (2.0%) |
| Food | 145 (17.1%) |
| Peanut or treenut | 57 (6.7%) |
| Fish or seafood | 17 (2.0%) |
| Fruit or vegetable | 12 (1.4%) |
| Milk or diary product | 11 (1.3%) |
| Meat or egg | 9 (1.1%) |
| Other food | 19 (2.2%) |
| Unknown food | 20 (2.4%) |
| Other | 33 (3.9%) |
| Environmental allergen | 16 (1.9%) |
| Chemical or cosmetic | 12 (1.4%) |
| Other allergen | 5 (0.6%) |
| Unknown | 318 (37.5%) |
Medication use prior to emergency medical services arrival_
| Number (%) | |
|---|---|
| Oral | 172 (64.7%) |
| Intramuscular (EAI) | 72 (27.1%) |
| Intravenous | 7 (2.6%) |
| Inhalation | 2 (0.8%) |
| Unknown | 13 (4.9%) |
Characteristics of emergency calls and emergency responses_
| Number (%)/Mean±SD | |
|---|---|
| Season | |
| Spring (March – May) | 176 (20.7%) |
| Summer (June – August) | 266 (31.4%) |
| Autumn (September – November) | 208 (24.5%) |
| Winter (December – February) | 199 (23.4%) |
| Unknown | 0 |
| Day | |
| Weekday | 575 (67.7%) |
| Weekend, public holiday | 274 (32.3%) |
| Unknown | 0 |
| Time of day | |
| Daytime (7 AM – 7 PM) | 522 (61.5%) |
| Nighttime (7 PM – 7 AM) | 327 (38.5%) |
| Unknown | 0 |
| Caller | |
| Patient | 203 (23.9%) |
| Family member | 300 (35.4%) |
| Healthcare professional | 275 (32.4%) |
| Other source | 71 (8.4%) |
| Unknown | 0 |
| Call priority | |
| Red | 325 (38.3%) |
| Yellow | 390 (45.9%) |
| Green | 133 (15.7%) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.1%) |
| Response time | |
| EMD response time | 5±3 seconds |
| EMD call handling time | 3:36 minutes±2:05 minutes |
| EMS access time | 5:31 minutes±12:29 minutes |
Initial patient assessment_
| Number (%)/Mean±SD | |
|---|---|
| State of consciousness | |
| Alert | 827 (97.4%) |
| Altered | 9 (1.1%) |
| Unknown | 13 (1.5%) |
| Breathing | |
| Normal | 634 (74.7%) |
| Respiratory difficulty | 197 (23.2%) |
| Not breathing | 1 (0.1%) |
| Unknown | 17 (2.0%) |
| Allergy history | |
| Known allergy | 185 (21.8%) |
| No known allergy | 96 (11.3%) |
| Unknown | 568 (66.9%) |