Figure 1.
Study flowchart.
Table 1.
Slovenian adolescents’ knowledge of cancer risk and protective factors.
| Cancer risk and protective factors | Knowledge |
|---|---|
| Smoking | 86% |
| Passive smoking | 81% |
| Advancing age | 82% |
| Alcohol consumption | 38% |
| Red meat consumption | 49% |
| Maintaining healthy body mass | 68% |
| Genetics | 83% |
| Regular physical activity | 87% |
| UV radiation (sun exposure) | 90% |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption | 14% |
| Number of portions of fruit and vegetables | 2.9 portions |
Table 2.
The association between age, gender and level of education and cancer risk/protective factors awareness in Slovenian adolescents.
| Risk factors | Explanatory factors | Category | UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS* | MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |||
| Smoking | Age | 1.102 (0.978-1.242) | 0.111 | 1.215 (1.002-1.474) | 0.048 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.025 | 1 | 0.010 | |
| F | 0.593 (0.376-0.936) | 0.542 (0.340-0.865) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | 0.536 | 1 | 0.410 | |
| S | 1.148 (7.742-1.777) | 0.748 (0.376-1.490) | ||||
| Passive smoking | Age | 1.238 (1.111-1.380) | <0.001 | 1.259 (1.053-1.504) | 0.012 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.541 | 1 | 0.831 | |
| F | 1.122 (0.777-1.620) | 0.959 (0.656-1.403) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 0.845 | |
| S | 1.772 (1.222-2.572) | 0.941 (0.511-1.732) | ||||
| Alcohol consumption | Age | 0.954 (0.877-1.038) | 0.275 | 1.163 (1.018-1.328) | 0.026 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.004 | 1 | 0.001 | |
| F | 1.573 (1.156-2.141) | 1.765 (1.277-2.438) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 | |
| S | 0.566 (0.413-0.774) | 0.321 (0.193-0.532) | ||||
| Advancing age | Age | 1.183 (1.060-1.321) | 0.003 | 1.153 (0.965-1.377) | 0.117 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.704 | 1 | 0.284 | |
| F | 0.928 (0.631-1.364) | 0.805 (0.541-1.198) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | 0.007 | 1 | 0.586 | |
| S | 1.701 (1.160-2.495) | 1.190 (0.637-2.224) | ||||
| Genetics | Age | 1.835 (1.601-2.104) | <0.001 | 0.947 (0.759-1.183) | 0.634 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.001 | |
| F | 2.701 (1.858-3.925) | 1.983 (1.307-3.009) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | < 0.001 | 1 | < 0.001 | |
| S | 10.325 (6.812-15.650) | 10.858 (5.037-23.405) | ||||
| Regular physical activity | Age | 1.065 (0.942-1.203) | 0.315 | 0.836 (0.689-1.014) | 0.069 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.280 | 1 | 0.457 | |
| F | 1.263 (0.827-1.929) | 1.181 (0.761-1.833) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | 0.007 | 1 | 0.003 | |
| S | 1.807 (1.177-2.772) | 2.964 (1.436-6.115) | ||||
| Red meat consumption | Age | 0.950 (0.875-1.031) | 0.216 | 1.123 (0.987-1.278) | 0.077 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.011 | 1 | 0.002 | |
| F | 1.463 (1.090-1.964) | 1.624 (1.194-2.208) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| S | 0.585 (0.428-0.800) | 0.375 (0.230-0.612) | ||||
| Maintaining healthy body mass | Age | 0.867 (0.793-0.948) | 0.002 | 0.936 (0.818-1.0719 | 0.339 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.732 | 1 | 0.677 | |
| F | 0.946 (0.691-1.297) | 1.072 (0.774-1.484) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.111 | |
| S | 0.547 (0.383-0.781) | 0.651 (0.384-1.104) | ||||
| UV radiation (sun exposure) | Age | 1.981 (1.653-2.375) | <0.001 | 0.914 (0.679-1.230) | 0.553 | |
| Gender | M | 1 | 0.327 | 1 | 0.251 | |
| F | 1.271 (0.787-2.052) | 0.733 (0.431-1.245) | ||||
| School | P | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 | |
| S | 14.504 (8.042-26.160) | 20.248 (6.940-59.073) | ||||
Figure 2.
Mean overall cancer risk knowledge scores for Slovenian boys and girls of different ages.
Table 3.
The association between age, gender and level of education and overall cancer knowledge score in Slovenian adolescents.