Figure 1.
Differences in outcomes of the PR programme according to the time elapsed between disease onset and the beginning of rehabilitation (N=80, 43 females, 37 males)_
| Variable | 2 to 3 months (n=16) M±SD | 3 to 4 months (n=7) M±SD | More than 4 months (n=57) M±SD | P* | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PImax | 21.44±24.07 | 17.86±14.38 | 17.28±15.05 | 0.032 | 3.36 |
| PImax (%) | 19.88±22.78 | 16.43±13.29 | 15.00±14.51 | 0.021 | 3.29 |
| PEmax | 7.56±21.62 | 2.86±25.24 | 9.46±18.01 | 0.180 | 3.30 |
| PEmax(%) | 8.38±20.33 | 0.57±23.32 | 10.18±24.00 | 0.785 | 3.86 |
| FVC | 0.31±0.34 | 0.02±0.27 | 0.11±0.28 | 0.363 | 3.33 |
| FVC(%) | 5.47±6.69 | 1.29±8.75 | 2.40±7.45 | 0.269 | 5.92 |
| FEV1 | 0.15±0.21 | 0.02±0.18 | 0.08±0.19 | 0.124 | 3.29 |
| FEV1(%) | 3.87±4.82 | 1.00±6.71 | 2.38±6.14 | 0.812 | 4.96 |
| FEV1/FVC | 1.48±4.89 | 2.35±5.04 | 0.23±3.10 | 0.327 | 6.16 |
| DLCO | 2.99±3.59 | 3.61±5.04 | 0.29±2.91 | 0.275 | 3.20 |
| DLCO(%) | 8.33±10.36 | 14.86±15.12 | 1.14±11.12 | 0.709 | 4.41 |
| 6MWT(m) | 525.87±105.47 | 468.43±146.46 | 501.21±99.61 | 0.483 | 4.78 |
| 6MWT(%) | 88.07±11.06 | 91.17±17.52 | 87.16±12.68 | 0.798 | 6.33 |
| SpO2 (before 6MWT) | 97.60±0.99 | 97.43±1.40 | 96.96±1.81 | 0.374 | 59.08 |
| SpO2 (after 6MWT) | 94.40±3.38 | 93.71±3.15 | 94.78±4.68 | 0.813 | 22.07 |
| Dyspnea | 1.97±1.64 | 2.93±1.43 | 2.78±2.07 | 0.332 | 1.35 |
| Heart rate | 84.19±16.14 | 81.71±10.45 | 80.57±11.87 | 0.047 | 6.43 |
Characteristics of patients (N=80, 43 females, 37 males)_
| Variable | All patients | Females (n=43) | Males (n=37) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) | 50.96±10.22 | 50.46±10.53 | 51.54±9.97 |
| Age (interval) | 25–68 | 25–68 | 28–68 |
| Age (mode) | 49 | 49 | 52 |
| Age (median) | 51.5 | 51 | 52 |
| BMI>30kg/m2* | 37 (46.3%) | 17 (39.5%) | 20 (54.1%) |
| Comorbidity | 56 (70%) | 32 (74.4%) | 24 (64.9%) |
Pathological values of pulmonary parameters and respiratory muscle strength before and after the PR programme (N=80, 43 females, 37 males)
| Variable | Baseline n(%) | After PR n(%) | P* | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PImax<80% | 57 (71.3) | 41 (51.3) | <0.001 | 0.89 |
| PEmax<80% | 28 (35) | 13 (16.3) | <0.001 | 0.15 |
| FVC<80% | 14 (17.5) | 8 (10) | 0.251 | 0.06 |
| FEV1<80% | 19 (23.8) | 14 (17.5) | 0.338 | 0.59 |
| FEV1/FVC<70% | 16 (20) | 18 (22.5) | 0.699 | 0.41 |
| DLCO<80% | 15 (18.8) | 13 (16.3) | 0.677 | 0.26 |
| 6MWT<80 % | 44 (55) | 17 (21.3) | 0.007 | 0.65 |
The effects of the PR programme on muscle strength (N=80, 43 females, 37 males)_
| Variable | Baseline M±SD | After PR M±SD | Mean difference (95%CI) | P* | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PImax | 69.90±26.49 | 88.06±26.23 | 18.16 (−21.94–(−14.38)) | <0.001 | 1.07 |
| PImax(%) | 64.74±25.01 | 80.84±24.57 | 16.10 (−19.72–(−12.48)) | <0.001 | 0.99 |
| PEmax | 92.16±30.03 | 100.66±30.49 | 8.50 (−12.78–(−4.22)) | <0.001 | 0.44 |
| PEmax(%) | 90.80±27.26 | 99.78±25.82 | 8.98 (−14.13–(−3.82)) | 0.001 | 0.39 |
| FVC | 4.14±1.28 | 4.33±1.29 | −0.14 (−0.21–(−0.07)) | <0.001 | 0.48 |
| FVC(%) | 98.16±18.28 | 100.49±16.97 | −2.92 (−4.64–(−1.19)) | 0.001 | 0.39 |
| FEV1 | 3.04±0.93 | 3.15±0.96 | −0.08 (−0.13–(−0.04)) | 0.001 | 0.42 |
| FEV1(%) | 90.61±18.97 | 92.16±18.58 | −2.36 (−3.76–(−0.97)) | 0.001 | 0.39 |
| FEV1/FVC | 74.28±11.62 | 73.47±11.93 | 0.68 (−0.18–1.54) | 0.122 | 0.18 |
| DLCO | 24.34±7.58 | 24.96±7.81 | −1.17 (−2.02–(−0.33)) | 0.007 | 0.35 |
| DLCO(%) | 95.23±21.57 | 95.88±21.72 | −4.03 (−7.11–(−0.95)) | 0.011 | 0.33 |
| 6MWT(m) | 442.76±96.22 | 503.11±105.15 | −66.92 (−84.01–(−49.82)) | <0.001 | 0.91 |
| 6MWT(%) | 77.72±16.06 | 87.68±13.86 | −9.66 (−11.78–(−7.55)) | <0.001 | 1.08 |
| SpO2 (before 6MWT) | 96.59±2.10 | 97.14±1.64 | −0.64 (−1.09–(−0.19)) | 0.006 | 0.33 |
| SpO2 (after 6MWT) | 94.15±4.89 | 94.60±4.29 | −0.56 (−1.09–(−0.04)) | 0.036 | 0.25 |
| Dyspnea (Borg) | 3.53±2.32 | 2.63±1.94 | 0.95 (0.44–1.45) | <0.001 | 0.44 |
| Heart rate | 81.43±12.67 | 113.65±18.27 | −32.22 (−36.39)–(31.99)) | <0.001 | 1.75 |