Concentrations of selected metals (NA, K, CA, MG, FE, CU, ZN, AL, NI, PB, CD) in coffee

No of green coffee	Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Al	Ni	Pb	Cd
G1a	10.6	19583	695	1733	75.1	18.5	4.04	5.65	0.44	0.1436	0.0145
G 2b	26.6	20213	882	1783	45.2	9.4	3.09	2.73	0.39	0.0084	0.0152
Mean	18.6	19898	789	1758	60	14	3.6	4.2	0.415	0.076	0.015
SD	±11.31	±445.48	±132.23	±35.36	±21.14	±6.43	±0.67	±2.06	±0.04	±0.0956	±0.0005
IQR	(8)	(315)	(93.5)	(25)	(14.95)	(4.55)	(0.48)	(1.46)	(0.03)	(0.068)	(0.0004)

Table 1b

Concentration of metals in roasted coffee (μg/g=ppm).

No of roasted coffee	Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Al	Ni	Pb	Cd
R 1a	24.2	20300	868	2127	41.8	16.5	5.07	3.53	0.72	0.0202	0.0124
R 2b	36.3	22133	888	2120	49.1	10.3	6.18	6.01	0.69	0.0131	0.0126
R 3	21.6	32933	864	2097	37.4	13.3	5.16	4.25	1.14	0.0115	0.0111
R 4	14.3	25167	904	2007	36.2	6.9	4.96	4.44	0.71	0.0196	0.0222
R 5	13.0	20867	750	1803	46.7	14.6	5.89	5.17	0.84	0.0215	0.0120
R 6	28.6	21500	939	1800	35.2	6.5	5.22	1.74	1.16	0.0155	0.0135
Mean	23	23817	869	1992	41.1	11.4	5.41	4.19	0.88	0.0169	0.0140
SD	±8.80	±4779.12	±64.30	±153.91	±5.80	±4.13	±0.50	±1.47	±0.22	±0.0041	±0.0041
IQR	(11.4)	(3383)	(35)	(260.3)	(9)	(6.5)	(0.63)	(1.28)	(0.35)	(0.006)	(0.001)

[i] Samples G 1 and G 2- green; R 1 to R 6- roasted; G 1a and R 1a and G 2b and R 2b- pairs of the same coffee beans, before and after roasting; SD- standard deviation; IQR- interquartile range

Table 2

Concentration of metals in coffee infusions, (μg/100mL).

No of coffee	Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Al	Ni	Pb	Cd
R 1a	57.0	86933	1277	6593	11.30	2.82	6.10	4.93	0.78	0.558	0.042
R 2b	59.8	95667	1633	8463	24.50	2.62	13.17	4.63	1.63	0.357	0.059
R 3	42.8	132333	1037	6893	15.87	6.86	6.13	8.33	1.62	0.163	0.041
R 4	25.5	103533	1233	4600	8.93	2.15	5.53	5.40	0.82	0.133	0.036
R 5	19.6	81467	1263	7380	16.13	2.70	6.67	8.43	1.04	0.192	0.061
R 6	63.9	95267	1827	8073	15.27	1.20	8.13	2.03	1.82	0.140	0.046
Mean	44.8	99200	1378	7000	15.33	3.04	7.62	5.63	1.29	0.257	0.048
SD	±18.71	±17941	±292.36	±1369.18	±5.33	±1.95	±2.86	±2.43	±0.46	±0.168	±0.010
IQR	(29.3)	(12550)	(303.5)	(1231.8)	(3.8)	(0.5)	(1.66)	(2.89)	(0.75)	(0.17)	(0.015)

[i] SD- standard deviation; IQR- interquartile range

Table 3

Penetration of metals to coffee infusions, (%).

No of coffee	Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Al	Ni	Pb	Cd
R 1a	47.1	85.6	29.4	62.0	5.4	3.4	24.0	28.0	55.3	6.8	21.5
R 2b	32.9	86.4	36.8	79.8	10.0	5.1	42.6	15.4	54.4	9.4	47.6
R 3	39.6	80.4	24.0	65.8	8.5	10.3	23.8	39.2	28.2	7.3	28.1
R 4	35.7	82.3	27.3	45.8	4.9	6.2	22.3	24.3	13.6	3.2	23.2
R 5	30.2	78.1	33.7	81.8	6.9	3.7	22.6	32.6	17.9	10.3	24.9
R 6	44.7	88.6	38.9	89.7	8.7	3.7	31.1	23.3	18.0	6.8	31.4

Table 4

Empirical levels of significance for differences of metals’ concentrations by ANOVA test.

Metal	G 1a vs. R 1a	G 2b vs. R 2b
Na	<0.001*	0.013*
K	0.509	0.008*
Ca	<0.001*	0.802
Mg	0.050	0.003*
Fe	0.004	0.427
Cu	0.335	0.235
Zn	0.017*	0.007*
Al	0.004*	0.0066*
Ni	0.020*	0.012*
Pb	<0.001*	0.030*
Cd	0.173	0.135

[i] *statistically significant differences

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2019-0024 | Journal eISSN: 1854-2476 | Journal ISSN: 0351-0026

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Language: English, Slovenian

Page range: 187 - 193

Submitted on: Mar 3, 2019

Accepted on: Aug 26, 2019

Published on: Oct 1, 2019

Published by: National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Related subjects:

Hygiene and environmental medicine

© 2019 Grażyna Adler, Arkadiusz Nędzarek, Agnieszka Tórz, published by National Institute of Public Health, Slovenia
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 58 (2019): Issue 4 (December 2019)