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The Antitumor and Toxicity Effects of Ruthenium(II) Complexes on Heterotopic Murine Colon Carcinoma Model Cover

The Antitumor and Toxicity Effects of Ruthenium(II) Complexes on Heterotopic Murine Colon Carcinoma Model

EABR. Experimental and Applied Biomedical Research
Volume 26 (2025): Issue 3 (September 2025)
By: Maja Savic,  Marija Milovanovic,  Vesna Stankovic,  Katarina Mihajlovic,  Tamara Nikolic Turnic,  Ana Rilak Simovic,  Nebojsa Arsenijevic and  Vladimir Jakovljevic  
Open Access
|Feb 2026

Figures & Tables

Scheme 1.

Schematic representation of the protocol of the in vivo experiments performed on CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice treated with ruthenium(II) complexes and oxaliplatin.
Schematic representation of the protocol of the in vivo experiments performed on CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice treated with ruthenium(II) complexes and oxaliplatin.

Figure 1.

The tumor volume per group through days of experiment.
The tumor volume per group through days of experiment.

Figure 2.

Survival rate of healthy mice and tumor-bearing mice after the administration of Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin.
Survival rate of healthy mice and tumor-bearing mice after the administration of Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin.

Figure 3.

Body mass of healthy (A) and tumor-bearing mice (B) before and after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.
Body mass of healthy (A) and tumor-bearing mice (B) before and after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.

Figure 4.

The relative mass of isolated organs of healthy mice (A) and tumor-bearing mice (B) after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.
The relative mass of isolated organs of healthy mice (A) and tumor-bearing mice (B) after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.

Figure 5.

Concentration of urea and creatinine in the serum of healthy (A, B) and tumor-bearing mice (C, D) after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.
Concentration of urea and creatinine in the serum of healthy (A, B) and tumor-bearing mice (C, D) after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.

Figure 6.

Concentration of transaminases (ALT and AST) in the serum of healthy (A, B) and tumor-bearing mice (C, D) after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.
Concentration of transaminases (ALT and AST) in the serum of healthy (A, B) and tumor-bearing mice (C, D) after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and oxaliplatin. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t test, * p < 0.05.

Figure 7.

Histological examination. Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of (A) tumor sections, (B) lungs, (C) heart, (D) kidney and (E) liver tissue of healty and CT26-tumor bearing mice treated with 5 mg/kg of Ru-1, Ru-2, oxaliplatin or saline (magnification at ×100).
Histological examination. Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of (A) tumor sections, (B) lungs, (C) heart, (D) kidney and (E) liver tissue of healty and CT26-tumor bearing mice treated with 5 mg/kg of Ru-1, Ru-2, oxaliplatin or saline (magnification at ×100).

Figure 8.

Values of (A) TBARS, (B) GSH, (C) SOD and (D) CAT in the homogenate of tumor, heart, liver, lungs and kidney tissues. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t тест, p<0.05, * saline treated cells vs. cells treated with Ru-1, Ru-2 or oxaliplatin; # Ru-1 vs. Ru-2; § Ru-1 vs. OX; ¶ Ru-2 vs. OX.
Values of (A) TBARS, (B) GSH, (C) SOD and (D) CAT in the homogenate of tumor, heart, liver, lungs and kidney tissues. The data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analysed by Student’s t тест, p<0.05, * saline treated cells vs. cells treated with Ru-1, Ru-2 or oxaliplatin; # Ru-1 vs. Ru-2; § Ru-1 vs. OX; ¶ Ru-2 vs. OX.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2022-0028 | Journal eISSN: 2956-2090 | Journal ISSN: 2956-0454
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Language: English
Page range: 233 - 243
Submitted on: May 16, 2022
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Accepted on: Jul 8, 2022
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Published on: Feb 23, 2026
Published by: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Ruthenium(II) complexes,
antitumor activity,
colon carcinoma,
oxaliplatin,
oxidative stress,
toxicity,
BALB/c mice
Related subjects:
Medicine,
Clinical medicine,
Clinical medicine, other

© 2026 Maja Savic, Marija Milovanovic, Vesna Stankovic, Katarina Mihajlovic, Tamara Nikolic Turnic, Ana Rilak Simovic, Nebojsa Arsenijevic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, published by University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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