Gender Differences in the Morphological Characteristics of the Nasopalatine Canal and the Anterior Maxillary Bone - CBCT Study

Pavle Milanovic; Milica Vasiljevic

doi:10.2478/sjecr-2021-0029

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Gender Differences in the Morphological Characteristics of the Nasopalatine Canal and the Anterior Maxillary Bone - CBCT Study

EABR. Experimental and Applied Biomedical Research

Volume 25 (2024): Issue 2 (June 2024)

By: Pavle Milanovic and Milica Vasiljevic

Open Access

|Jun 2021

Figures & Tables

The frequency of the NPC type appearance.
Blue bars represents male subjects (n=63), pink bars represents female subjects (n=50).

The dimensions at different sections of the nasopalatine canal and the horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla (mm).A - different sections of NPC: A/1 - the mediolateral dimension of incisive foramen, A/2 - the anteroposterior dimension of the incisive foramen, A/3 - the anteroposterior dimension of the nasal foramen, A/4 - the nasopalatine canal length. B - horizontal diameter of anterior maxilla: B/1 - A level, B/2 - B level, B/3 - C level, B/4 - D level. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.
* Denotes a significant difference, p<0.05, ** denotes a significant difference, p<0.01.

The dimensions of the NPC up to the NPC type in sagittal cross-section (in mm).
A - M-L dimension of the incisive foramen; B - A-P dimension of the incisive foramen; C - A-P dimension of the nasal foramen; D - NPC length. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

Table 1.

The correlation between the dimension at different sections of the NPC and the anterior maxilla diameter at various levels (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender).

The sections of the NPC	Gender	The levels of anterior maxilla horizontal diameter
The sections of the NPC	Gender	A level	B level	C level	D level
The M-L dimension of incisive foramen	Male	R² = 0.2223 p = 9.61×10⁻⁵	R² = 0.309 p = 2.25×10⁻⁶	R² = 0.2788 p = 8.7×10⁻⁶	R² = 0.0908 p = 0.016
The M-L dimension of incisive foramen	Female	R² = 0.027 p = 0.254	R² = 0.0903 p = 0.034	R² = 0.1872 p = 0.002	R² = 0.0443 p = 0.142
The A-P dimension of incisive foramen	Male	R² = 0.0064 p = 0.532	R² = 0.0538 p = 0.067	R² = 0.0036 p = 0.641	R² = 0.001 p = 0.804
The A-P dimension of incisive foramen	Female	R² = 0.0015 p = 0.791	R² = 0.0054 p = 0.612	R² = 1×10⁻⁷ p = 0.998	R² = 0.0013 p = 0.804
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen	Male	R² = 0.0727 p = 0.033	R² = 0.1011 p = 0.011	R² = 0.2882 p = 5.7×10⁻⁶	R² = 0.0788 p = 0.026
The A-P dimension of nasal foramen	Female	R² = 0.0328 p = 0.208	R² = 0.0033 p = 0.690	R² = 0.0336 p = 0.203	R² = 0.1827 p = 0.002
The NPC length	Male	R² = 0.0048 p = 0.590	R² = 0.0005 p = 0.856	R² = 0.0015 p = 0.766	R² = 0.0036 p = 0.462
The NPC length	Female	R² = 0.0003 p = 0.901	R² = 0.002 p = 0.760	R² = 0.0012 p = 0.814	R² = 0.100 p = 0.025

The horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla at different levels according to the NPC type in sagittal cross-section (in mm). A - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - A level; B - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - B level; C - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - C level; D - horizontal diameter of the anterior maxilla - D level. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM.

Table 2.

The correlation between the M-L dimension of the incisive foramen and anterior maxilla diameter at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender).

The correlation between the M-L dimension of incisive foramen and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels	Gender	The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
	Gender	Banana	Hourglass	Cylindrical	Funnel
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* A level**	Male	R² = 0.8776 p = 0.019	R² = 0.135 p = 0.134	R² = 0.0123 p = 0.672	R² = 0.3015 p = 0.007
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* A level**	Female	R² = 0.519883 p = 0.169	R² = 0.4546 p = 0.032	R² = 0.0504 p = 0.672	R² = 0.0005 p = 0.935
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* B level**	Male	R² = 0.8946 p = 0.015	R² = 0.0641 p = 0.311	R² = 0.0273 p = 0.526	R² = 0.4272 p = 0.001
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* B level**	Female	R² = 0.7471 p = 0.059	R² = 0.6061 p = 0.008	R² = 0.0944 p =0.215	R² = 0.2092 p =0.065
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* C level**	Male	R² = 0.7564 p = 0.0553	R² = 0.2071 p = 0.058	R² = 0.2285 p = 0.030	R² = 0.2049 p = 0.030
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* C level**	Female	R² = 0.4326 p = 0.228	R² = 0.6925 p = 0.003	R² = 0.0016 p = 0.874	R² = 0.4137 p = 0.005
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* D level**	Male	R² = 0.0094 p = 0.876	R² = 0.1275 p = 0.146	R² = 0.1387 p = 0.141	R² = 0.0062 p = 0.722
*The M-L dimension of incisive foramen vs.* D level**	Female	R² = 0.0032 p = 0.928	R² = 0.0362 p = 0.598	R² = 0.1404 p = 0.125	R² = 0.0324 p =0.489

Table 3.

The correlation between the A-P dimension of the incisive foramen and the anterior maxilla diameter at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender).

The correlation between the A-P dimension of nasal foramen and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels	Gender	The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
	Gender	Banana	Hourglass	Cylindrical	Funnel
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* A level**	Male	R² = 0.5001 p = 0.182	R² = 0.0042 p = 0.855	R² = 0.0094 p = 0.711	R² = 0.2443 p = 0.016
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* A level**	Female	R² = 0.4523 p = 0.214	R² = 0.0602 p = 0.494	R² = 0.0116 p = 0.670	R² = 6×10⁻⁵ p = 0.075
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* B level**	Male	R² = 0.6757 p = 0.088	R² = 0.0324 p = 0.475	R² = 0.0528 p = 0.359	R² = 0.2772 p = 0.009
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* B level**	Female	R² = 0.1552 p = 0.518	R² = 0.1011 p = 0.370	R² = 0.0004 p = 0.937	R² = 0.009 p = 0.717
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* C level**	Male	R² = 0.7152 p = 0.071	R² = 0.2715 p = 0.027	R² = 0.2028 p = 0.069	R² = 0.3381 p = 0.004
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* C level**	Female	R² = 0.3094 p = 0.330	R² = 0.1200 p = 0.327	R² = 0.0052 p = 0.775	R² = 0.0883 p = 0.247
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* D level**	Male	R² = 0.0074 p = 0.890	R² = 0.0575 p = 0.338	R² = 0.1558 p = 0.117	R² = 0.1492 p = 0.069
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* D level**	Female	R² = 0.0782 p = 0.649	R² = 0.3954 p = 0.051	R² = 0.3125 p = 0.016	R² = 0.0799 p = 0.272

Table 4.

The correlation between the A-P dimension of the nasal foramen and the anterior maxilla diameters at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender).

The correlation between the A-P dimension of nasal foramen and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels	Gender	The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
	Gender	Banana	Hourglass	Cylindrical	Funnel
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* A level**	Male	R² = 0.5001 p = 0.182	R² = 0.0042 p = 0.855	R² = 0.0094 p = 0.711	R² = 0.2443 p = 0.016
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* A level**	Female	R² = 0.4523 p = 0.214	R² = 0.0602 p = 0.494	R² = 0.0116 p = 0.670	R² = 6×10⁻⁵ p = 0.075
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* B level**	Male	R² = 0.6757 p = 0.088	R² = 0.0324 p = 0.475	R² = 0.0528 p = 0.359	R² = 0.2772 p = 0.009
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* B level**	Female	R² = 0.1552 p = 0.518	R² = 0.1011 p = 0.370	R² = 0.0004 p = 0.937	R² = 0.009 p = 0.717
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* C level**	Male	R² = 0.7152 p = 0.071	R² = 0.2715 p = 0.027	R² = 0.2028 p = 0.069	R² = 0.3381 p = 0.004
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* C level**	Female	R² = 0.3094 p = 0.330	R² = 0.1200 p = 0.327	R² = 0.0052 p = 0.775	R² = 0.0883 p = 0.247
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* D level**	Male	R² = 0.0074 p = 0.890	R² = 0.0575 p = 0.338	R² = 0.1558 p = 0.117	R² = 0.1492 p = 0.069
*The A-P dimension of nasal foramen vs.* D level**	Female	R² = 0.0782 p = 0.649	R² = 0.3954 p = 0.051	R² = 0.3125 p = 0.016	R² = 0.0799 p = 0.272

Table 5.

The correlation between the nasopalatine canal length and anterior maxilla diameters at various levels depending on the canal type at the sagittal cross-section (significant correlations are bolded, blue fields represent significant correlations only for male subjects, pink fields represent significant correlations only for female subjects, gray fields represent significant correlations for both gender).

The correlation between NPC length and anterior maxilla diameter on different levels	Gender	The NPC type at the sagittal cross-section
	Gender	Banana	Hourglass	Cylindrical	Funnel
*NPC length vs.* A level**	Male	R² = 0.5000 p = 0.182	R² = 0.0657 p = 0.651	R² = 0.0022 p = 0.858	R² = 0.2551 p = 0.014
*NPC length vs.* A level**	Female	R² = 0.4606 p = 0.208	R² = 0.0268 p = 0.651	R² = 0.0292 p = 0.498	R² = 0.0077 p = 0.738
*NPC length vs.* B level**	Male	R² = 0.6587 p = 0.095	R² = 0.0569 p = 0.340	R² = 0.0078 p = 0.736	R² = 0.1649 p = 0.054
*NPC length vs.* B level**	Female	R² = 0.2089 p = 0.439	R² = 0.0001 p = 0.993	R² = 0.0130 p = 0.652	R² = 0.0042 p = 0.806
*NPC length vs.* C level**	Male	R² = 0.3954 p = 0.256	R² = 0.0778 p = 0.262	R² = 0.0001 p = 0.979	R² = 0.1580 p = 0.060
*NPC length vs.* C level**	Female	R² = 0.533 p = 0.161	R² = 0.0121 p = 0.762	R² = 0.0110 p = 0.678	R² = 0.0083 p = 0.728
*NPC length vs.* D level**	Male	R² = 0.1125 p = 0.581	R² = 0.3829 p = 0.006	R² = 0.0083 p = 0.727	R² = 0.0052 p = 0.743
*NPC length vs.* D level**	Female	R² = 0.6497 p = 0.099	R² = 0.2256 p = 0.165	R² = 0.0413 p = 0.419	R² = 0.428 p = 0.004

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2021-0029 | Journal eISSN: 2956-2090 (formerly 2335-075X, 2956-0454) | Journal ISSN: 2956-0454 (formerly 1820-8665)

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Language: English

Page range: 145 - 156

Submitted on: Mar 25, 2021

Accepted on: Mar 25, 2021

Published on: Jun 22, 2021

Published by: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Nasopalatine canal - NPC,

anterior maxilla,

cone beam computed tomography - CBCT,

morphometric analysis,

gender differenc

Related subjects:

Medicine,

Clinical medicine,

Clinical medicine, other

© 2021 Pavle Milanovic, Milica Vasiljevic, published by University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 25 (2024): Issue 2 (June 2024)

Gender Differences in the Morphological Characteristics of the Nasopalatine Canal and the Anterior Maxillary Bone - CBCT Study

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Table 1.

Figure 5.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Table 5.

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