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Validation of the “Darryl” PTSD cartoon test with abused children Cover
Open Access
|Feb 2023

Figures & Tables

Internal consistencies (Cronbach’s α) for the total scale and subscales of the Darryl for the version for sexual abuse and the version for physical abuse_ Also, means and SD on the Darryl scales for the two abuse types and combined abuse_

Darryl versionSexual abuse αPhysical abuse αPhysical abuse Mean (SD)Sexual abuse Mean (SD)Combined abuse Mean (SD)
Total scale.90.8712.260 (7.443)13.850 (8.102)17.50 (9.196)
Re-experiencing subscale.86.774.153 (3.106)4.663 (3.295)6.333 (4.097)
Avoidance subscale.77.694.549 (2.979)4.813 (3.171)6.750 (2.927)
Hyperarousal subscale.88.673.557 (2.647)4,375 (3.070)4.667 (3.172)

Percentage frequency and mean scores of PTSD symptom items and somatization items in the Darryl (n = 327)_

Frequency (%)Boys (n = 152)Girls (n = 175)
ScoreNever 0Some of the time 1Most of the time 2MeanSDMeanSDtpCohen’s d
Re-experiencing symptoms
Intrusive recollections23.246.230.6.969.7281.149.727-2.004.046.222
Play re-enactment of the trauma84.711.93.4.230.521.149.4161.576.116.175
Nightmares in general39.442.218.3.625.708.931.724-3.864<.001.428
Nightmares about the trauma57.832.110.1.415.624.617.700-2.744.006.304
Acting/recurring feeling as if the event is51.134.614.4.553.689.703.745-1.894.059.209
Psychological distress at reminders56.628.415.0.467.699.686.757-2.713.007.299
Physiological distress at reminders56.031.212.8.441.688.680.712-3.087.002.341
Avoidance symptoms
Avoidance of thoughts and feelings19.637.942.5.1.237.7781.223.736.166.868.018
Avoidance of people and activities48.331.819.9.651.783.771.769-1.395.164.155
Inability the event to recall important aspects of38.538.822.6.868.795.817.743.600.549.067
Loss of interest in usual activities63.326.99.8.309.612.600.687-4.028<.001.445
Detachment/social withdrawal67.622.69.8.290.583.709.054-3.466<.001.379
Restricted range of affect61.229.49.5.467.690.642.049-.406.685.045
Sense of foreshortened future60.225.714.1.480.709.744.056-1.346.179.149
Hyperarousal symptoms
Difficulty sleep initiating and/or sustaining39.429.730.9.783.797.854.0652.690.008.297
Irritability45.633.321.1.697.789.771.058-1.252.212.139
Decreased concentration42.837.319.9.625.744.751.057-3.284.001.364
Hypervigilance46.833.919.3.605.756.761.056-2.655.008.294
Exaggerated startle response55.426.018.7.507.737.800.060-2.778.006.306
Somatization
Stomachache44.341.014.7.579.646.746.056-3.020.003.332
Headache53.833.013.1.533.699.719.054-1.436.152.159

Pearson’s r correlations between the total scale and subscales of the Darryl test and subscales of Beck Youth Inventory_

PTSD TotalRe-experiencingAvoidanceHyperarousal
rprprprp
BYI-II Depression (n = 112).526<.001*.313<.001*.550<.001*.502<.001*
BYI-II Anxiety (n = 113).495<.001*.381<.001*.450<.001*.440<.001*
BYI-II Anger (n = 109).496<.001*.318<.001*.482<.001*.486<.001*
BYI-II Disruptive behavior (n = 104).241.012*.158.104.285.003*.188.057
BYI-II Self-concept (n = 112)-.203.032*-.090.348-.260.006*-.176.064

Pearson’s r correlations between total scale and subscales of the Darryl test and the SDQ Total Difficulties scale and subscales parent report version (n = 63)_

PTSD TotalRe-experiencingAvoidanceHyperarousal
rprprprp
SDQ Total Difficulties.196.013*.091.476.200.117.234.084
Emotional problems.284.024*.188.141.252.046*.317.011*
Conduct problems.148.248.116.391.107.402.177.164
Hyperactivity.125.330.050.695.161.208.122.342
Peer Problems.001.996-.084.513.039.760.057.658
Prosocial behavior.061.633.078.539-.012.924.098.446
Impact scale (n = 59).241.066.070.601.275.035*.301.020*

Referral reasons across gender_

TotalMaleFemale
n%n%n%
Sexual Abuse5817.71510.14325.9
Physical abuse23872.812684.511267.5
Polyvictimization195.885.4116.6
Missing123.7
Total327100149100166100
Language: English
Page range: 1 - 9
Published on: Feb 28, 2023
Published by: Psychiatric Research Unit
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2023 Sille Schandorph Løkkegaard, Camilla Jeppesen, Ask Elklit, published by Psychiatric Research Unit
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.