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Properties of sand used in OPTUM G2 analysis [25]_
| Property | MC model | HMC model |
|---|---|---|
| Young’s modulus (E) | 35 MPa | |
| Friction angle (φ′) | 31.5° | 31.5° |
| Cohesion (c′) | 0 | 0 |
| Poisson’s ratio (ν) | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Unit weight (γ) | 16 kN/m3 | |
| Reference Young’s modulus (E 50,ref) | 40 MPa | |
| Unloading modulus (E ur,ref) | 75 MPa | |
| Earth pressure coefficient (K 0) | 0.47 | 0.47 |
| Dilatancy angle for non-associated flow (ψ) | 5.0° | 5.37° |
| Reference stress (p ref) | 100 kPa | |
| Hardening parameter (m) | 0.5 | |