Have a personal or library account? Click to login

A Study of the Effect of Combined Cement and Fibre on Shear Strength Response of Chlef Sand

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Volume 47 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)
By:
Open Access
|Mar 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Chlef sand under study: (a) situation of Chlef (formerly El Asnam) region [42] and (b) sand visualised using a scanning electron microscope [21].
Chlef sand under study: (a) situation of Chlef (formerly El Asnam) region [42] and (b) sand visualised using a scanning electron microscope [21].

Figure 2:

Size distribution of the particles of the tested materials [25]. CC, cement content.
Size distribution of the particles of the tested materials [25]. CC, cement content.

Figure 3.

Materials used: (a) sand, (b) cement, (c) glass fibres and (d) polypropylene fibres.
Materials used: (a) sand, (b) cement, (c) glass fibres and (d) polypropylene fibres.

Figure 4:

Sample preparation: (a) fibre-reinforced mixtures: dry state; and (b) fibre-reinforced mixtures: wet state with a water content of 10%.
Sample preparation: (a) fibre-reinforced mixtures: dry state; and (b) fibre-reinforced mixtures: wet state with a water content of 10%.

Figure 5:

Effect of glass fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 6:

Effect of relative density on shear strength in glass fibre-reinforced sand. Dr, relative density.
Effect of relative density on shear strength in glass fibre-reinforced sand. Dr, relative density.

Figure 7:

Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 8:

Effect of polypropylene fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of polypropylene fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 9:

Effect of polypropylene fibre content on vertical deformation of sand (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of polypropylene fibre content on vertical deformation of sand (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 10:

Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres and their effect on stress/strain curves (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres and their effect on stress/strain curves (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 11:

Effect of different fibre types on maximum shear strength: (a) fibre content = 0.15% and (b) fibre content = 0.3%.
Effect of different fibre types on maximum shear strength: (a) fibre content = 0.15% and (b) fibre content = 0.3%.

Figure 12:

Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres in terms of variations in vertical displacements (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres in terms of variations in vertical displacements (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 13:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 2.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 2.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 14:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 15:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 7.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 7.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 16:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 10%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 10%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 17:

Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%, Dr = 80%): (a) CC = 2.5%, (b) CC = 5%, (c) CC = 7.5% and (d) CC = 10%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%, Dr = 80%): (a) CC = 2.5%, (b) CC = 5%, (c) CC = 7.5% and (d) CC = 10%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 18:

Variation in maximum shear strength according to cement content (Dr = 80%, ρf = 0.15%). Dr, relative density.
Variation in maximum shear strength according to cement content (Dr = 80%, ρf = 0.15%). Dr, relative density.

Figure 19:

Effect of cement content on glass fibre-reinforced sand–cement mixtures (Dr = 80%): (a) variation in cohesion and (b) variation in internal friction angle. Dr, relative density.
Effect of cement content on glass fibre-reinforced sand–cement mixtures (Dr = 80%): (a) variation in cohesion and (b) variation in internal friction angle. Dr, relative density.

Physical characteristics of Chlef sand_

Materials usedCC (%)GSD50 (mm)CUCCURVeminemax
Chlef sand02.70.452.341.390.5820.873

Chemical and mineralogical compositions of the cement [25]_

CEM II/A 42.5
Chemical compositions (%)Mineralogical compositions (%)
SiO220.58C3S57.79
Al2O34.90
Fe2O34.70C2S20.47
CaO62.8
SO32.28C3A7.20
MgO0.53
K2O0.42C4AF11.49
Na2O0.12
Free lime2.17

Physicomechanical characteristics of the glass fibres used [29]_

NameUnitGlass fibresPolypropylene fibres
Colour–WhiteWhite
Widthmm0.120.03
Thicknessmm0.013–
Specific gravity–2.620.96
Specific weightg/m2300–
Tensile strengthMPa2500500–750
Poisson coefficient–0.35–
Shear modulusGPa29.2–
Young modulusGPa732.9–3.8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2025-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2083-831X | Journal ISSN: 0137-6365
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 48 - 64
Submitted on: Jan 10, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 13, 2025
Published on: Mar 7, 2025
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
soil reinforcement,
fibres,
sand-cement mixtures,
direct shear test,
contractiveness
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Materials sciences,
Composites,
Porous materials,
Physics,
Mechanics and fluid dynamics

© 2025 Kheira Boutouba, Ismail Benessalah, Ahmed Arab, Ahmed Djafar Henni, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous articleVolume 47 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)Next article