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A Study of the Effect of Combined Cement and Fibre on Shear Strength Response of Chlef Sand Cover

A Study of the Effect of Combined Cement and Fibre on Shear Strength Response of Chlef Sand

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
Volume 47 (2025): Issue 1 (March 2025)
By: Kheira Boutouba,  Ismail Benessalah,  Ahmed Arab and  Ahmed Djafar Henni  
Open Access
|Mar 2025

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Chlef sand under study: (a) situation of Chlef (formerly El Asnam) region [42] and (b) sand visualised using a scanning electron microscope [21].
Chlef sand under study: (a) situation of Chlef (formerly El Asnam) region [42] and (b) sand visualised using a scanning electron microscope [21].

Figure 2:

Size distribution of the particles of the tested materials [25]. CC, cement content.
Size distribution of the particles of the tested materials [25]. CC, cement content.

Figure 3.

Materials used: (a) sand, (b) cement, (c) glass fibres and (d) polypropylene fibres.
Materials used: (a) sand, (b) cement, (c) glass fibres and (d) polypropylene fibres.

Figure 4:

Sample preparation: (a) fibre-reinforced mixtures: dry state; and (b) fibre-reinforced mixtures: wet state with a water content of 10%.
Sample preparation: (a) fibre-reinforced mixtures: dry state; and (b) fibre-reinforced mixtures: wet state with a water content of 10%.

Figure 5:

Effect of glass fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 6:

Effect of relative density on shear strength in glass fibre-reinforced sand. Dr, relative density.
Effect of relative density on shear strength in glass fibre-reinforced sand. Dr, relative density.

Figure 7:

Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 8:

Effect of polypropylene fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of polypropylene fibre content on sand shear strength (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 9:

Effect of polypropylene fibre content on vertical deformation of sand (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Effect of polypropylene fibre content on vertical deformation of sand (σn = 100 kPa): (a) Dr = 20%, (b) Dr = 50% and (c) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 10:

Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres and their effect on stress/strain curves (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres and their effect on stress/strain curves (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 11:

Effect of different fibre types on maximum shear strength: (a) fibre content = 0.15% and (b) fibre content = 0.3%.
Effect of different fibre types on maximum shear strength: (a) fibre content = 0.15% and (b) fibre content = 0.3%.

Figure 12:

Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres in terms of variations in vertical displacements (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.
Comparison between glass fibres and polypropylene fibres in terms of variations in vertical displacements (σn = 100 kPa and ρf = 0.3%): (a) Dr = 50% and (b) Dr = 80%. Dr, relative density.

Figure 13:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 2.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 2.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 14:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of fibre-cemented sand (CC = 5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 15:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 7.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 7.5%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 16:

Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 10%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on shear strength of cemented sand (CC = 10%, σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%): (a) Dr = 80% and (b) Dr = 50%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 17:

Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%, Dr = 80%): (a) CC = 2.5%, (b) CC = 5%, (c) CC = 7.5% and (d) CC = 10%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.
Effect of glass fibre content on vertical displacement of cemented sand (σn = 100 kPa, w = 10%, Dr = 80%): (a) CC = 2.5%, (b) CC = 5%, (c) CC = 7.5% and (d) CC = 10%. CC, cement content; Dr, relative density.

Figure 18:

Variation in maximum shear strength according to cement content (Dr = 80%, ρf = 0.15%). Dr, relative density.
Variation in maximum shear strength according to cement content (Dr = 80%, ρf = 0.15%). Dr, relative density.

Figure 19:

Effect of cement content on glass fibre-reinforced sand–cement mixtures (Dr = 80%): (a) variation in cohesion and (b) variation in internal friction angle. Dr, relative density.
Effect of cement content on glass fibre-reinforced sand–cement mixtures (Dr = 80%): (a) variation in cohesion and (b) variation in internal friction angle. Dr, relative density.

Physical characteristics of Chlef sand_

Materials usedCC (%)GSD50 (mm)CUCCURVeminemax
Chlef sand02.70.452.341.390.5820.873

Chemical and mineralogical compositions of the cement [25]_

CEM II/A 42.5
Chemical compositions (%)Mineralogical compositions (%)
SiO220.58C3S57.79
Al2O34.90
Fe2O34.70C2S20.47
CaO62.8
SO32.28C3A7.20
MgO0.53
K2O0.42C4AF11.49
Na2O0.12
Free lime2.17

Physicomechanical characteristics of the glass fibres used [29]_

NameUnitGlass fibresPolypropylene fibres
Colour–WhiteWhite
Widthmm0.120.03
Thicknessmm0.013–
Specific gravity–2.620.96
Specific weightg/m2300–
Tensile strengthMPa2500500–750
Poisson coefficient–0.35–
Shear modulusGPa29.2–
Young modulusGPa732.9–3.8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2025-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2083-831X | Journal ISSN: 0137-6365
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 48 - 64
Submitted on: Jan 10, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 13, 2025
Published on: Mar 7, 2025
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
soil reinforcement,
fibres,
sand-cement mixtures,
direct shear test,
contractiveness
Related subjects:
Geosciences,
Geosciences, other,
Materials sciences,
Composites,
Porous materials,
Physics,
Mechanics and fluid dynamics

© 2025 Kheira Boutouba, Ismail Benessalah, Ahmed Arab, Ahmed Djafar Henni, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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