Figure 1:
Grain size distribution curves of soil.
Table 1:
Geotechnical properties of clayey soil.
| Parameter | Liquid limit (LL) (%) | Plastic limit (PL) (%) | Plastic index (PI) (%) | Gs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 36 | 20 | 16 | 2.757 |
Figure 2:
Influence of nano-clay on the (a) compaction curve of clay and (b) normalised maximum dry unit weight and normalised optimum moisture content.
Table 2:
Properties of nano-clay particles.
| Parameter | Typical dry particle sizes | γd (g/cm3) | Gs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90% less than | 50% less than | 10% less than | |||
| Value | 10 μm | 6 μm | 2 μm | 1.98 | 1.6 |
Table 3:
Summary of the test's details.
Figure 3:
UCS stress–strain curves of specimens without any freeze–thaw cycles (a), curing time = 0 days (b) curing time = 7 days and (c) curing time = 28 days.
Figure 4:
Unconfined compressive strength of specimens without any freeze–thaw cycles.
Figure 5:
Tensile strength of specimens without any freeze–thaw cycles.
Figure 6:
UCS stress–strain curves of specimens subjected to freeze–thaw cycles: (a) nano-clay content = 0%, (b) nano-clay content = 0.5%, (c) nano-clay content = 1%, (d) nano-clay content = 1.5%, (e) nano-clay content = 2%, (f) nano-clay content = 3%.
Figure 7:
Normalised unconfined compressive strength of the specimens versus number of freeze–thaw cycles: (a) curing time = 0 day, (b) curing time = 7 days, (c) curing time = 28 days.
Figure 8:
Normalised ultimate tensile strength of specimens versus number of freeze–thaw cycles: (a) curing time = 0 day, (b) curing time = 7 days, (c) curing time = 28 days.