Figure 1
The increase in peak temperature at the casing–grout boundary as a function of grout thickness for three different types of Portland cement grout [16].
Figure 2
Deformation modulus in relation to temperature for GRP pipes [6]. GRP, glass-reinforced plastic.
Figure 3
Assembly scheme and geometric characteristics of GRP panels: 1 – wooden spacer, 2 – grout, 3 – brick sewer, H – height from which the grout is distributed.
Table 1
The obtained results for the GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 20 mm.
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 27.25 | 2.71 |
| 40 | 28.24 | 3.51 |
| 50 | 29.45 | 4.33 |
| 70 | 39.02 | 12.76 |
Table 2
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 18 mm.
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 36.56 | 4.41 |
| 40 | 36.71 | 5.93 |
| 50 | 39.50 | 7.75 |
| 70 | 78.67 | 52.04 |
Table 3
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 17 mm.
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 41.38 | 5.15 |
| 40 | 43.84 | 7.28 |
| 50 | 48.63 | 9.5 |
| 70 | 235.69 | Total failure |
Table 4
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 16 mm.
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 49.59 | 6.42 |
| 40 | 54.19 | 9.95 |
| 50 | 62.25 | 14.53 |
| 70 | Total failure |
Table 5
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 15 mm.
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 61.71 | 9.5 |
| 40 | 71.07 | 15.21 |
| 50 | 89.66 | 28.71 |
| 70 | Total failure |
Figure 4
Stress distribution and deformations of the panel when the heat of hydration is equal to 25°C: (a) stress distribution, (b) 3D view of panel deformation, (c) 2D view of panel deformation with an indication of the location where the maximum value occurred.
Figure 5
Stress distribution and deformations of the panel when the heat of hydration is equal to 40°C: (a) stress distribution, (b) 3D view of panel deformation, (c) 2D view of panel deformation with an indication of the location where the maximum value occurred.
Figure 6
Stress distribution and deformations of the panel when the heat of hydration is equal to 50°C: (a) stress distribution, (b) 3D view of panel deformation, (c) 2D view of panel deformation with an indication of the location where the maximum value occurred.
Figure 7
Stress distribution and deformations of the panel when the heat of hydration is equal to 70°C: (a) stress distribution, (b) 3D view of panel deformation, (c) view of panel deformation with an indication of the location where the maximum value occurred.
Figure 8
Scheme presenting the distribution of grout in two stages: A – first stage, B – second stage.
Table 6
The obtained results for the GRP panels that were heated up to 40°C with the grout distributed in the second stage.
| Wall thickness (mm) | Temperature of grout equal to 25°C | Temperature of grout equal to 40°C | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) | |
| 20 | 13.40 | 0.72 | 13.74 | 1.14 |
| 19 | 14.91 | 1.14 | 15.17 | 1.53 |
| 18 | 16.73 | 1.14 | 17.08 | 1.53 |
| 17 | 18.95 | 1.53 | 19.45 | 1.92 |
| 16 | 21.97 | 1.92 | 22.47 | 2.31 |
| 15 | 25.36 | 2.31 | 26.46 | 3.11 |