Figure 1
![The increase in peak temperature at the casing–grout boundary as a function of grout thickness for three different types of Portland cement grout [16].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379aa4e662f30ba53f878/j_sgem-2021-0032_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKH7TOZMSR%2F20260216%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260216T135147Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGkaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIHik6TlIX%2F594qNnU8h9VOwMUllSKDugxw6oM6EXOXOsAiB3KOXr6qGgW%2F6JRZV1U%2BEZgHDg83cEcenZDnTDi7GurSq9BQgyEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMitrdV9syA%2F1T2%2B%2FSKpoFXSkshrp4D7L5azLloiiD%2BKZ4w5WX%2BNrpF6aOHHY%2F6gfuLsI8Bf3BQrFFC%2F7tBl3hxA5WpV9KMsC%2Bio7eC5fYja%2Bs2B3JJMRTZpHPIc3fThAsySQ4egctHDAYag5g6Wph5SHiMtOlBzX2oX2yBk0fFeVbrHt7tfGOeQckXZr9BeGerC70trzQ5GdTRFJLea1k36g64xJ1Jaujv7Bdt19kB4s2ClmnclKf6jJNEgkYKwlg1ku2gfGfTCb7s%2FtZZgycA87YbRumZ4siZOtpXR%2Fn6wRI4PLcXA%2F9Ri9w24cTtIRVETqqx9O%2FMtTyH8%2B%2BYI0HYNQZVe%2FLsbiCuRvlywkw3Ypky3PaIhL1RqV2SgT5%2Fc9sssPRRtptfDLRDq6FTjcafOmb%2BuescF1j0qUwtqZchv2Bh2gvN%2FQguY9%2FIdJN5xmImVvUREMcptjYk%2Ff0ZOQ%2Fp4V0xdT5XSru0siIUzqiOLmFkPJBfVqeSm89wYqWTy6HNA058AYiXe6xlP9Fl7OHMiEKmq1bo0%2BCW%2BbSdFX6mOFzZYvrqdj5X3DCHNfy3A17tKX922KcAPIMaLkKgtJg2R26Os0FB7VCzuR9GuAfxUGiHfG1XCQpui64rzbAS4iDvuqRqWgqmwvqUsBgUtkRBe7ziqSW6sPt3dp8SzFCYWNGMdoXGyfHDcAj8PH8w7%2FryFrnQMQ86Y5BsNYUfxN4sv31wsjJQaPlSlCS%2BbcU5CzAK7YVYExYkgh58Q04sRC%2BCwsaX8zkSuhmte%2B9SJyL7ED635pJUgYcgkJBF9IRqXqglBdXjDM3HzcJ99mR4wSPDg0xYCSYCJ3kjGvo5rOzUePf%2B%2Bx45shRCRrzSjuoA8JbNnOdhPu%2B3DtSl%2FSq%2FOxkubax%2BfVgdXhkMLe9y8wGOrIBlQFesvtn6rtq5VvGh2gRyyUGTtgESwnFMX%2BUpjeAO%2FnCZcRSY%2B608JUINaAQshc0SyYNXwIFtETHKtZvzydHe0c65JydBoNkm%2BqLCr7hawpgTCFXYIbIOhODFgUBzbiTOj8C2bsHH%2FJlANuF%2FR26QSgLkkzq5tKOmk9JO0HtIzqfoNJuYU7SlpXNMTSIS5p0hkZmHqX61xUR1Vy0uWR81JJ5PRw8gMY0YAK6LywLTBtnWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=774f9d3e30a4644d03000053e600fd6a259e3ff952af42edf5c4e4650cf9385e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Deformation modulus in relation to temperature for GRP pipes [6]. GRP, glass-reinforced plastic.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379aa4e662f30ba53f878/j_sgem-2021-0032_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKH7TOZMSR%2F20260216%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260216T135147Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEGkaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCIHik6TlIX%2F594qNnU8h9VOwMUllSKDugxw6oM6EXOXOsAiB3KOXr6qGgW%2F6JRZV1U%2BEZgHDg83cEcenZDnTDi7GurSq9BQgyEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMitrdV9syA%2F1T2%2B%2FSKpoFXSkshrp4D7L5azLloiiD%2BKZ4w5WX%2BNrpF6aOHHY%2F6gfuLsI8Bf3BQrFFC%2F7tBl3hxA5WpV9KMsC%2Bio7eC5fYja%2Bs2B3JJMRTZpHPIc3fThAsySQ4egctHDAYag5g6Wph5SHiMtOlBzX2oX2yBk0fFeVbrHt7tfGOeQckXZr9BeGerC70trzQ5GdTRFJLea1k36g64xJ1Jaujv7Bdt19kB4s2ClmnclKf6jJNEgkYKwlg1ku2gfGfTCb7s%2FtZZgycA87YbRumZ4siZOtpXR%2Fn6wRI4PLcXA%2F9Ri9w24cTtIRVETqqx9O%2FMtTyH8%2B%2BYI0HYNQZVe%2FLsbiCuRvlywkw3Ypky3PaIhL1RqV2SgT5%2Fc9sssPRRtptfDLRDq6FTjcafOmb%2BuescF1j0qUwtqZchv2Bh2gvN%2FQguY9%2FIdJN5xmImVvUREMcptjYk%2Ff0ZOQ%2Fp4V0xdT5XSru0siIUzqiOLmFkPJBfVqeSm89wYqWTy6HNA058AYiXe6xlP9Fl7OHMiEKmq1bo0%2BCW%2BbSdFX6mOFzZYvrqdj5X3DCHNfy3A17tKX922KcAPIMaLkKgtJg2R26Os0FB7VCzuR9GuAfxUGiHfG1XCQpui64rzbAS4iDvuqRqWgqmwvqUsBgUtkRBe7ziqSW6sPt3dp8SzFCYWNGMdoXGyfHDcAj8PH8w7%2FryFrnQMQ86Y5BsNYUfxN4sv31wsjJQaPlSlCS%2BbcU5CzAK7YVYExYkgh58Q04sRC%2BCwsaX8zkSuhmte%2B9SJyL7ED635pJUgYcgkJBF9IRqXqglBdXjDM3HzcJ99mR4wSPDg0xYCSYCJ3kjGvo5rOzUePf%2B%2Bx45shRCRrzSjuoA8JbNnOdhPu%2B3DtSl%2FSq%2FOxkubax%2BfVgdXhkMLe9y8wGOrIBlQFesvtn6rtq5VvGh2gRyyUGTtgESwnFMX%2BUpjeAO%2FnCZcRSY%2B608JUINaAQshc0SyYNXwIFtETHKtZvzydHe0c65JydBoNkm%2BqLCr7hawpgTCFXYIbIOhODFgUBzbiTOj8C2bsHH%2FJlANuF%2FR26QSgLkkzq5tKOmk9JO0HtIzqfoNJuYU7SlpXNMTSIS5p0hkZmHqX61xUR1Vy0uWR81JJ5PRw8gMY0YAK6LywLTBtnWw%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=5c853cf01a8fb4dd5a8206e6e027865f77c7ead93b90de1c40ca13b549da5af6&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 15 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 61.71 | 9.5 |
| 40 | 71.07 | 15.21 |
| 50 | 89.66 | 28.71 |
| 70 | Total failure |
The obtained results for the GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 20 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 27.25 | 2.71 |
| 40 | 28.24 | 3.51 |
| 50 | 29.45 | 4.33 |
| 70 | 39.02 | 12.76 |
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 16 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 49.59 | 6.42 |
| 40 | 54.19 | 9.95 |
| 50 | 62.25 | 14.53 |
| 70 | Total failure |
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 18 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 36.56 | 4.41 |
| 40 | 36.71 | 5.93 |
| 50 | 39.50 | 7.75 |
| 70 | 78.67 | 52.04 |
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 17 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 41.38 | 5.15 |
| 40 | 43.84 | 7.28 |
| 50 | 48.63 | 9.5 |
| 70 | 235.69 | Total failure |
The obtained results for the GRP panels that were heated up to 40°C with the grout distributed in the second stage_
| Wall thickness (mm) | Temperature of grout equal to 25°C | Temperature of grout equal to 40°C | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) | |
| 20 | 13.40 | 0.72 | 13.74 | 1.14 |
| 19 | 14.91 | 1.14 | 15.17 | 1.53 |
| 18 | 16.73 | 1.14 | 17.08 | 1.53 |
| 17 | 18.95 | 1.53 | 19.45 | 1.92 |
| 16 | 21.97 | 1.92 | 22.47 | 2.31 |
| 15 | 25.36 | 2.31 | 26.46 | 3.11 |