Figure 1
![The increase in peak temperature at the casing–grout boundary as a function of grout thickness for three different types of Portland cement grout [16].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379aa4e662f30ba53f878/j_sgem-2021-0032_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKKTRPSQO6%2F20251219%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251219T150819Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDwHrYvBWke2G5N%2BejZlu4G7NzZk4Zl0pX9%2BfAmi%2BvVGQIgAboaMQBWzaw4vUfhghRez0R74cXkzKzW%2FoK9C7ZMOcoqxQUIsP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDP9nrCOxwJbQZq4sWyqZBQET8FACAniGjxYtkd9l9Q%2FiTivLbnxZ3JFKJXy2UVIBWBoqzbHF%2B6Xiz12v%2F2yf4wH5HdCdvlqoQ1RDpGomuY%2F7vahOE5MMsaziMSB9SnANJmHJbXxOSDVyGKS7MnKNLdw7vRFdO9%2FDz4y%2F2ZoLboBKcSvzsHmx%2FmiqnuWH0qmreONRn01dJXR4h3%2F2taW%2FY9EMPFvsPiatGZElGVbfNbVSv3dMaey8wDv%2B5MQQN2pG%2FmVNqLeJl0e1pZbce58l8ek6oSaJ1TYikX%2FcbmGL79JHaHJ9kQteUx1gU%2BilKIGz1%2BeH5BXIpwS4dkJG3bN97VI%2F2jEQSOHgMaMTzBQ27wUHSIV50qh0fM8gI92m0KrIk9JkGS7GOegMoy5WfF8Kk7l1CWYWd4xDGEZkPq5NGDZBgBif%2FGptpR8Ggx0lw0laFOKnai9m5S%2FU94AmuIaA8yj3tdCz%2B%2BGcpFkjGYiVHUHK2qutrR%2Fp9N77bUMpNtICp0WiAekfNK8JBPE6kb1M8wLzb0I2Envo528seK76jDXS4WdeELP7fwPd0rymHok0Sh45pD9HojnFTRArPmGe8USfUq%2F%2FORDl%2F871sz8rSUTyPo%2BeLMjDF%2BNYw66x4%2FpcsddAbQYKx%2FN905lXdCSNwxXIRmRsA1%2BivYcVSkbjo8tIF05D7HCFdDgy4gQdruJX1ll3P5R7AiLwsMRWEF23FyF0N7LSK8xaHCMMdt2Pb7%2BPdLur2DYdsYgrVXfgAjLxZPwJ1FCo7yZdI1PyrQssWAjIAWf3ImCCPL0WNGAWvLOPglmCxI7eCwYHh5q61Zkko8eXdLlvFCMGGve5d3czPswjSxCSsYJv0UIHoJsILVhtOMoYGJHkddMUC3nJBpNECh%2BAnGYzb8ngMP7RlcoGOrEBlWIejJxwh2ICkoZCq9rJzyOX6lMsXQ3XNSOyQ%2BE2TB5WZzSzaBQ%2BjgdhisWXyR8k8IkJtjBz4uM9xAsOEKyRU1WvwguSo3f2wOfYI4aJuFxfHiZHN%2BQK6nLp1RXq8j0FQXAU2ppnV%2FIug4ngMhFLda7lUb32HApKayz1w5Ia4K%2BUoJmf0nBUnZq2gMAsm1iEvPdD2h1bsoo1nhVuIvuaPjC%2B3xduxyUq44dpfb3A4LdR&X-Amz-Signature=98e8666bd92c45ed2a3615cfbc4e60811938216e78a651e842ae16eff7dfa9c7&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2
![Deformation modulus in relation to temperature for GRP pipes [6]. GRP, glass-reinforced plastic.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647379aa4e662f30ba53f878/j_sgem-2021-0032_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKKTRPSQO6%2F20251219%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251219T150819Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEOf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDwHrYvBWke2G5N%2BejZlu4G7NzZk4Zl0pX9%2BfAmi%2BvVGQIgAboaMQBWzaw4vUfhghRez0R74cXkzKzW%2FoK9C7ZMOcoqxQUIsP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDP9nrCOxwJbQZq4sWyqZBQET8FACAniGjxYtkd9l9Q%2FiTivLbnxZ3JFKJXy2UVIBWBoqzbHF%2B6Xiz12v%2F2yf4wH5HdCdvlqoQ1RDpGomuY%2F7vahOE5MMsaziMSB9SnANJmHJbXxOSDVyGKS7MnKNLdw7vRFdO9%2FDz4y%2F2ZoLboBKcSvzsHmx%2FmiqnuWH0qmreONRn01dJXR4h3%2F2taW%2FY9EMPFvsPiatGZElGVbfNbVSv3dMaey8wDv%2B5MQQN2pG%2FmVNqLeJl0e1pZbce58l8ek6oSaJ1TYikX%2FcbmGL79JHaHJ9kQteUx1gU%2BilKIGz1%2BeH5BXIpwS4dkJG3bN97VI%2F2jEQSOHgMaMTzBQ27wUHSIV50qh0fM8gI92m0KrIk9JkGS7GOegMoy5WfF8Kk7l1CWYWd4xDGEZkPq5NGDZBgBif%2FGptpR8Ggx0lw0laFOKnai9m5S%2FU94AmuIaA8yj3tdCz%2B%2BGcpFkjGYiVHUHK2qutrR%2Fp9N77bUMpNtICp0WiAekfNK8JBPE6kb1M8wLzb0I2Envo528seK76jDXS4WdeELP7fwPd0rymHok0Sh45pD9HojnFTRArPmGe8USfUq%2F%2FORDl%2F871sz8rSUTyPo%2BeLMjDF%2BNYw66x4%2FpcsddAbQYKx%2FN905lXdCSNwxXIRmRsA1%2BivYcVSkbjo8tIF05D7HCFdDgy4gQdruJX1ll3P5R7AiLwsMRWEF23FyF0N7LSK8xaHCMMdt2Pb7%2BPdLur2DYdsYgrVXfgAjLxZPwJ1FCo7yZdI1PyrQssWAjIAWf3ImCCPL0WNGAWvLOPglmCxI7eCwYHh5q61Zkko8eXdLlvFCMGGve5d3czPswjSxCSsYJv0UIHoJsILVhtOMoYGJHkddMUC3nJBpNECh%2BAnGYzb8ngMP7RlcoGOrEBlWIejJxwh2ICkoZCq9rJzyOX6lMsXQ3XNSOyQ%2BE2TB5WZzSzaBQ%2BjgdhisWXyR8k8IkJtjBz4uM9xAsOEKyRU1WvwguSo3f2wOfYI4aJuFxfHiZHN%2BQK6nLp1RXq8j0FQXAU2ppnV%2FIug4ngMhFLda7lUb32HApKayz1w5Ia4K%2BUoJmf0nBUnZq2gMAsm1iEvPdD2h1bsoo1nhVuIvuaPjC%2B3xduxyUq44dpfb3A4LdR&X-Amz-Signature=2a61e36716703b4c53a17aa54af04e1eebc7278ea280a97daa28aab1fc49688f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 15 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 61.71 | 9.5 |
| 40 | 71.07 | 15.21 |
| 50 | 89.66 | 28.71 |
| 70 | Total failure |
The obtained results for the GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 20 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 27.25 | 2.71 |
| 40 | 28.24 | 3.51 |
| 50 | 29.45 | 4.33 |
| 70 | 39.02 | 12.76 |
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 16 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 49.59 | 6.42 |
| 40 | 54.19 | 9.95 |
| 50 | 62.25 | 14.53 |
| 70 | Total failure |
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 18 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 36.56 | 4.41 |
| 40 | 36.71 | 5.93 |
| 50 | 39.50 | 7.75 |
| 70 | 78.67 | 52.04 |
The obtained results for a GRP panel with a wall thickness equal to 17 mm_
| Temperature of GRP panel (°C) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 41.38 | 5.15 |
| 40 | 43.84 | 7.28 |
| 50 | 48.63 | 9.5 |
| 70 | 235.69 | Total failure |
The obtained results for the GRP panels that were heated up to 40°C with the grout distributed in the second stage_
| Wall thickness (mm) | Temperature of grout equal to 25°C | Temperature of grout equal to 40°C | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) | Maximum normal stresses (MPa) | Deformations (%) | |
| 20 | 13.40 | 0.72 | 13.74 | 1.14 |
| 19 | 14.91 | 1.14 | 15.17 | 1.53 |
| 18 | 16.73 | 1.14 | 17.08 | 1.53 |
| 17 | 18.95 | 1.53 | 19.45 | 1.92 |
| 16 | 21.97 | 1.92 | 22.47 | 2.31 |
| 15 | 25.36 | 2.31 | 26.46 | 3.11 |