Figure 1
![Schematic of the UCG process (linked vertical wells method), with water entering from the surrounding rocks [6].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473793b4e662f30ba53f835/j_sgem-2021-0004_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKHTUB44VK%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T022234Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCzJZ4bVC6Upw1ddg7F2AXjcyG5Jd%2BkYifCLCmIYhcSHQIgRicZHSGGdymvEmpyUj8WrnWiSIaXbn%2BHqGQSAdHOaQ4qxAUIyP%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDNv4uuVPgghO5o3m2SqYBWySS8qaLe3K3%2B2KpuYM3E7ALk6xGA%2BWp5FgDLAR5RJQ7Hfyxhykr8o5k07o46M6TE1W1t99hvtk45GSzQvmb0RDG8DT6ZnP0%2FyWs%2BX5JBM6EswuEAWBzLxKN76sQ2j6qAnZqTalraPMSIOAjC8nIqa0m907lmu2zqesdXx2nZyqSSNalLjvzyZM0OMZGxgJ2cuXKv29xGShwFnQGNKebx5pMqgNKCieMpQB4AQxaTb4VEJDlOO%2BdZJ9ZdrpuMy%2FcA%2FsJLokSwresrbC8T19Cu1%2Bqvj39w2vAfjFwti0Fx8xdy6OWMWnISeXTuQchbtFZSMfWhTi97aGif%2BUTk3JcRG4ATHFScwL%2BaEE%2FGDDI6cmFnXDksZ7%2FUg9pkSCbc3pQuF2fYQncJektDdkEDLHI1OGE2IqBeAgeV0GykqdTxkJLh5l2%2Fevp8lgi6QFH9%2FjTWr1VcnWvYqGhScBJsQx%2BRex%2FU9b1t1yq27O7Ac2RY63xjxHTRoVOvLaoPvRGMEG%2FSscRLhkN2ssInVCzlGyIBH7lEJ5qsaMprY8l%2FR%2BC4hQuADGNIDBQIUiQn1kaw0dLCjU9%2BQhuQ0MhK0%2FN9P4tnpb%2Bxljvx5Jctovv3DKTqgkhifaHc5KQ%2BIzwg%2FAija4CZvsVagXspvNbYXkBWBqQ%2BV3%2FYsrldlV0vPN8KNi8oSUwHrahhMX6vdocwtO4NvLV%2FRn3W0RD93I8llwSzBkUAq5Q%2FbodOUmhHDO9TIevmirtd6DAvJUisKEGCU5lQOClY7%2BnthKIJ2fWk9DzOFkFzTlo8nSBy3%2BuyGslPo7XHs12hsWMP3d0G9bKTdj7wAZMTkFKTN%2Fx8Fa8bni6RggLwXMYhBF3zAzCM4FtN2HXM5g4gepJqxfCeow4%2FTczQY6sQEhaRPmku%2BUsY291osXumyhcrbioiCybhOb%2FcKz8tK30IRUTgHjkN%2FNbDp85EmHe7FO9OIjlVmntY2%2BFifqeu7AxRS64yfeP3l360TYPLi0nWEoP5Pj4zi8n4TwUQ8y7Lzg6k60TIe5fzJjONL%2Frt%2FtrBsb1VITyTnAJoKvbOsF1or7I2kOWdfU4UJMEroaeyFubzxDu357ze2B3UkklAvzKxSF2UmZSzJ9AE51mRePPpY%3D&X-Amz-Signature=04d670c6d79735f63aca93a4b363d722eb1ae69e674e227d8e8588b93ec47176&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
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Figure 15

Material parameter values of individual geological layers_
| Layer | Roof min [m] | Roof max [m] | f [−] | N [Pa] | A [Pa] | α [−] | ρs [Mg/m3] | K [m/s] | cv [J/kg/K] | λ [W/m/K] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sandstone | 4.7 | 10.9 | 0.15 | 2.31E+09 | 3.46E+09 | 1.16E-05 | 2.6 | 5.00E-07 | 1100 | 3.1 |
| Clayey pebble | 25.2 | 32.7 | 0.28 | 3.90E+06 | 2.40E+07 | 6.00E-06 | 2.53 | 3.00E-06 | 639 | 2.5 |
| Clay | 50 | 50 | 0.31 | 1.32E+07 | 6.91E+07 | 5.80E-06 | 2.38 | 3.00E-08 | 566 | 2.1 |
| Coal* | 53 | 53 | 0.2 | 5.80E+08 | 8.70E+08 | 5.00E-06 | 1.21 | 5.00E-09 | 1250 | 0.5 |
| Clay | 57.2 | 69.8 | 0.4 | 1.28E+06 | 9.42E+06 | 5.90E-06 | 2.62 | 6.00E-08 | 481 | 2.9 |
| Clayey sand | 80.5 | 95 | 0.32 | 1.30E+06 | 9.00E+06 | 6.00E-06 | 2.49 | 1.20E-06 | 889 | 3.5 |
| Clay | 125.9 | 149.9 | 0.37 | 2.50E+06 | 1.85E+07 | 6.10E-06 | 2.71 | 7.00E-08 | 514 | 1.4 |
| Silty clay | 166.1 | 184 | 0.28 | 3.30E+06 | 1.50E+07 | 6.00E-06 | 2.66 | 5.00E-08 | 612 | 1.9 |
Thermal parameters of individual pore fluids and medium_
| Thermal expansion coefficient 1) [1/K] | Initial heat transfer coefficient [W/m/K] | specific heat [J/kg/K] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 69·10−6 | 0.6 | 4150 |
| Water vapour | 1/T | 16.2·10−3 | 1970 |
| Medium | - | λ = (1 − f) λs + fλf | cν = (ρ1 cνs + ρ2 cνf) / ρ |