Figure 1
![Schematic of the UCG process (linked vertical wells method), with water entering from the surrounding rocks [6].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473793b4e662f30ba53f835/j_sgem-2021-0004_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKIEI4XKH2%2F20260316%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260316T034852Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAAaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJGMEQCICxb5pbS5doLZnyseWkJL7iStd9Qn3mYfQzBLYmlH1L3AiA5DjGZdOApXq7DeQhZTRnX4EC3ZTTwxx9uzuvMcD0nnirFBQjJ%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F8BEAIaDDk2MzEzNDI4OTk0MCIMyuBtKSe08Qe7LwgiKpkFXDlIdYSSZICWxharGKMOyPZMbW4%2BPpj8Vj6i4THVVFYtwrfGQCM%2FbHTy1l%2Bez7Qut8WOpb2kidyZ%2BeiBZPTnj0hTLpva0RSBxLeUnUkFhYFEVhjDoPkFaUBzSUo1udKCc9YAWu5QlMR8MR4crBTT3fHibrSKweqGRT0YPHUZ7Fvl9NW%2BJdL1BU3pBOfhpO0pgZMDW8zqIh3c2bexI%2FKe4E%2FK85HHQ%2FmYFhMJX0TQMGkv2Ma6i9yn0UybTnQIgzKwfd7t08rYGKM7ULGaBjs3beFCwcN70orgnaWn227Ynaug2q6I4fmvT7Qo%2FFmqXINNx4CpH1sAna4TJmBVMU42VdMMr9Y3SdPdLugB%2FOthGNV3z1UWx5tVCa%2FRDOeTiqLQc6whckPhdoxXMyCt7AX511%2BScx31gans8p99jSZBqHNt9rauUTI8QlXVSZsnkT7PnuuCA26z2KBjfc2IzbJPwUg%2FjEi%2BuYGy7%2Faxfo9jJPPrABPGELIj641pOU1gC%2FB6yqbqXl6dFoSgSLMg5zkTihLWw3QPSGxrLCuyAV29jKAIQbQDQkh4ou4LgjyGxGMU4hd6y2MWBO%2Bg%2FlDV5d27QTMIpfS8IvaMKEqPTXxzTpwisa0IZ796AwJLN4ydE%2FrrRRuLOQcScojcTdxAfWE6bHM%2FU1SyCMzZ9g9Sn7QaH0tf2MKFiJz0Z9%2BxK4F1PI9CdvGq0KDqZqiRXK6RnwzrvSDS3Jih75NGcu0sV08QEXvr9dCP8cYOysROQdkxQadKV8peGBc%2Flw5zky99Lyksj64%2BUPHrLqfWWguUePgejeSsVGg13dM6Hm4t06FMrYNLA%2FMzssnREDMHtCC1zaCktc%2BHzroDAP2WGrOJaYe98lp8nn6tR3D30dUwsILdzQY6sgH8RK4DHoOlPVv4GtOnWCntka3BEtiflmbzzChBIkcEfDs5KDkVlBCWTFJQo%2FQ7bf1taDg5ly4F%2B7Cti%2BOKPw3Jm%2BF1wwJGlNSro1ZeZHzZXuL3eEpli8THZp5q7yg0I48eeeB4mCjm3TNGxnoa4t1RxBaLmq4O69eFF8lqEjWv3XpHfsZDLHtOMTAPpay9ImrSgvPXnQYlBEdoqLVJtm%2Blpg4bf3pBgxFieN1B47p0s8oU&X-Amz-Signature=394b9d0383d60acce5670b3e8127ffd4c7a89484c6c70c463bf9b48a7fe1d7f3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15

Material parameter values of individual geological layers_
| Layer | Roof min [m] | Roof max [m] | f [−] | N [Pa] | A [Pa] | α [−] | ρs [Mg/m3] | K [m/s] | cv [J/kg/K] | λ [W/m/K] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sandstone | 4.7 | 10.9 | 0.15 | 2.31E+09 | 3.46E+09 | 1.16E-05 | 2.6 | 5.00E-07 | 1100 | 3.1 |
| Clayey pebble | 25.2 | 32.7 | 0.28 | 3.90E+06 | 2.40E+07 | 6.00E-06 | 2.53 | 3.00E-06 | 639 | 2.5 |
| Clay | 50 | 50 | 0.31 | 1.32E+07 | 6.91E+07 | 5.80E-06 | 2.38 | 3.00E-08 | 566 | 2.1 |
| Coal* | 53 | 53 | 0.2 | 5.80E+08 | 8.70E+08 | 5.00E-06 | 1.21 | 5.00E-09 | 1250 | 0.5 |
| Clay | 57.2 | 69.8 | 0.4 | 1.28E+06 | 9.42E+06 | 5.90E-06 | 2.62 | 6.00E-08 | 481 | 2.9 |
| Clayey sand | 80.5 | 95 | 0.32 | 1.30E+06 | 9.00E+06 | 6.00E-06 | 2.49 | 1.20E-06 | 889 | 3.5 |
| Clay | 125.9 | 149.9 | 0.37 | 2.50E+06 | 1.85E+07 | 6.10E-06 | 2.71 | 7.00E-08 | 514 | 1.4 |
| Silty clay | 166.1 | 184 | 0.28 | 3.30E+06 | 1.50E+07 | 6.00E-06 | 2.66 | 5.00E-08 | 612 | 1.9 |
Thermal parameters of individual pore fluids and medium_
| Thermal expansion coefficient 1) [1/K] | Initial heat transfer coefficient [W/m/K] | specific heat [J/kg/K] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | 69·10−6 | 0.6 | 4150 |
| Water vapour | 1/T | 16.2·10−3 | 1970 |
| Medium | - | λ = (1 − f) λs + fλf | cν = (ρ1 cνs + ρ2 cνf) / ρ |