Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Examining the Relationships Between Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Employee Engagement During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Effect of Employee Generations Cover

Examining the Relationships Between Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Employee Engagement During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Effect of Employee Generations

Open Access
|May 2024

References

  1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  2. Arnold, K. A., Loughlin, C., & Walsh, M. M. (2016). Transformational leadership in an extreme context: Examining gender, individual consideration and self-sacrifice. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 37(6), 774–788.
  3. Arora, N., & Dhole, V. (2019). Generation y perspective, engagement, expectations, preferences and satisfactions from workplace; a study conducted in Indian context. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 26(5), 1378–1404.
  4. Avolio, B. J., & Bass, M. B. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire third edition: Manual and sampler set. Mind Garden, Inc. www.mindgarden.com
  5. Babcock-Roberson, M., & Strickland, O. J. (2010). The relationship between charismatic leadership, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Journal of Psychology, 144(3), 313–26.
  6. Bako, M. (2018). Different leadership style choices, different generations. Prizren Social Science Journal, 2(2), 127–143.
  7. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2000). Multifactor leadership questionnaire for research. Menlo Park, CA: Mind Garden, Inc.
  8. Basu, M., & Mukherjee, K. (2019). Transformational leadership: A contextual evaluation of gender and perception. Adhyayan: A Journal of Management Sciences, 9(1), 52–64.
  9. Bolkan, S. (2015). Intellectually stimulating students’ intrinsic motivation: The mediating influence of affective learning and student engagement. Communication Reports 28(2), 80–91.
  10. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O. K., & Espevik, R. (2014). Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement. The British Psychology Society, 87(1), 138–157.
  11. Brown, O., Shallcross, D., & Stuebs, M. (2019). What it takes for accounting firms to recruit Gen Z: Organizational culture and opportunities for career growth are the top factors today’s students seek in an employer. Journal of Accountancy, 228(6), 37.
  12. Bru, E., Virtanen, T., Kjetilstad, V., & Niemiec, C.P. (2021). Gender differences in the strength of association between perceived support from teachers and student engagement. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 65(1), 153–168.
  13. Burke, R. J. (1994). Generation X: Measures, sex, and age differences. Psychological Reports, 74, 555–562.
  14. Deichmann, D., & Stam, D. (2015). Leveraging transformational and transactional leadership to cultivate the generation of organization-focused Ideas. Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 204–219.
  15. Dhopade, P. (2016). Support Generation Z. Benefits Canada, 40(2), 22–23.
  16. Douglas, S., & Roberts, R. (2020). Employee Age and the Impact on Work Engagement. Strategic HR Review, 19(5), 209–213.
  17. Edgar, S. (2015). Identifying the influence of gender on motivation and engagement levels in student physiotherapists. Medical Teacher, 37(4), 348–353.
  18. Filsecker, M., & Hickey, D.T. (2014). A multilevel analysis of the effects of external rewards on elementary students’ motivation, engagement and learning in an educational game. Computers & Education, 75, 136–148.
  19. Geue, P. E. (2018). Positive practices in the workplace: Impact on team climate, work engagement, and task performance. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(3), 272–301.
  20. Ghadi, M. Y., Fernando, M., & Caputi, P. (2013). Transformational leadership and work engagement: The mediating effect of meaning in work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 532–550.
  21. Hansen, A., Byrne, Z., & Kiersch, C. (2014). Increasing employee engagement: The role of interpersonal leadership. Strategic Direction, 31(2), 34–36.
  22. Heffner, A. L., & Antaramian, S. P. (2016). The role of life satisfaction in predicting student engagement and achievement. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(4), 1681–1701.
  23. Hernandez-Bark, A. S., Escartin, J., Schuh, S. C., & Van Dick, R., (2016). Who leads more and why? A mediation model from gender to leadership role occupancy. Journal of Business Ethics, 139(3), 473–483.
  24. Islam, N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Employee engagement and organizational change initiatives Does transformational leadership, valence, and trust make a difference? Global Business & Organizational Excellence, 40(3), 50–62.
  25. Kasasa (2020). Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z explained. Retrieved April August 28, 2020 from https://www.kasasa.com/articles/generations/gen-x-gen-y-gen-z
  26. Kleinaltenkamp, M., Karpen, I., Plewa, C., Jaakkola, E., Conduit, J. (2019). Collective engagement in organizational settings. Industrial Marketing Management, 80, 11–23.
  27. Kolodinsky, R. W., Ritchie, W. J., & Kuna, W. A. (2018). Meaningful engagement: Impacts of a ‘calling’ work orientation and perceived leadership support. Journal of Management and Organization, 24(3), 406–423.
  28. Kunze, F., & Bruch, H. (2010). Age-based faultlines and perceived productive energy: The moderation of transformational leadership. Small Group Leadership, 41(5), 593–620.
  29. Lee, C. C., Aravamudhan, V., Roback, T., Lim, H. S., & Ruane, S. G. (2021). Factors impacting work engagement of Gen Z employees: A regression analysis. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 18(3), 147–159.
  30. Li, Y., Castano, G., & Li, Y. (2018). Linking Leadership Style to Work Engagement. Chinese Management Studies, 12(2), 433–452.
  31. Martin, J. (2015). Transformational and transactional leadership: An exploration of gender, experience, and institution type. Portal: Libraries & the Academy, 15(2), 331–351.
  32. Nienaber, H., & Martins, N. (2020). Exploratory study: Determine which dimensions enhance the levels of employee engagement to improve organizational effectiveness. TQM Journal, 32(3), 475–495.
  33. Prochazka, J., Gilova, H., & Vaculik, M. (2017). The relationship between transformational leadership and engagement: Self-efficacy as a mediator. Journal of Leadership Studies, 11(2), 22–33.
  34. Putriastuti, B. C. K., & Stasi, A. (2019). How to lead the millennials: A review of 5 major leadership theory groups. Journal of Leadership in Organizations, 1(2), 96–111.
  35. Salas-Vallina, A., & Fernandez, R. (2017). The HRM-performance relationship revisited. Employee Relations, 39(5), 626–642.
  36. Sessa, V. I., Kabacoff, R. I., Deal, J., & Brown, H. (2007). Generational differences in leader values and leadership behaviors. The Psychologist-manager Journal, 10(1), 47–74.
  37. Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716.
  38. Schroth, H. (2019). Are you ready for Gen Z in the workplace? California Management Review, 61(3), 5–18.
  39. Twenge, J. M., Campbell, S. M., Hoffman, B. J., & Lance, C. E. (2010). Generational differences in work values: Leisure and extrinsic values increasing, social an intrinsic values decreasing. Journal of Management, 36, 1117–1142.
  40. Wang, C. C., Hsieh, H. H., & Wang, Y. D. (2020). Abusive supervision and employee engagement and satisfaction: The mediating role of employee silence. Personnel Review, 49(9), 1845–1858.
  41. Wang, C. C., Hsieh, H., & Wang, Y. d. (2020). Abusive supervision and employee engagement and satisfaction: The mediating role of employee silence. Personnel review, 49(9), 1845–1858.
  42. Washington, R. R., Sutton, C. D., & Sauser Jr., W. I. (2014). How distinct is servant leadership theory? empirical comparisons with competing theories. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 11(1), 11–25.
  43. Wolfram, H. J., & Gratton, L. (2014). Gender role self-concept, categorical gender, and transactional-transformational leadership: Implications for perceived workgroup performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(4), 338–353.
  44. Wu, H., Li, S., Zheng, J., Guo, J. (2020) Medical students’ motivation and academic performance: The mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning engagement. Medical Education Online, 25(1), 1–7.
  45. Xu, L., Du, J., Lei, X., & Hipel, K. W. (2020) Effect of locus control on innovative behavior among new generation employees: A moderated mediation model. Social behavior & personality: An international journal, 48(10), 1–12.
  46. Yoerger, M., Crowe, J., & Allen, J. A. (2015). Participate or else!: The effect of participation in decision-making in meetings on employee engagement. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research, 67(1), 65–80.
  47. Zhang, T., Avery, G. C., Bergsteiner, H., & More, E. (2014). The relationship between leadership paradigms and employee engagement. Journal of Global Responsibility, 5(1), 4–21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2024-0007 | Journal eISSN: 2344-5416 | Journal ISSN: 1842-4120
Language: English
Page range: 118 - 136
Published on: May 21, 2024
Published by: Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 3 issues per year

© 2024 C. Christopher Lee, Hyoun Sook Lim, published by Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.