The Share of Pollution from Land Sources in PM Levels in the Region of Danish Straits, North and Baltic Seas

Rogulski, Mariusz; Badyda, Artur; Firląg, Szymon

doi:10.2478/rtuect-2021-0057

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine air pollution over the sea surface (North Sea and Baltic Sea) comparing to concentration in the closest land areas to examine the impact of ships on the level of PM concentration. The analysis is based on the measurements made during the two weeks cruise of the tall ship Fryderyk Chopin from Edinburg to Kołobrzeg. The highest pollution levels were observed in locations distant from the coast, especially over Baltic Sea, with increasing concentrations when other ships approaching. The article attempts to assess the possibility of migration of pollutants to these areas from land-based sources, and thus indicate the degree of their participation in the level of pollution present at sea.

References

[1] Pope C. A., Bates D. V., Raizenne M. E. Health effects of particulate air pollution: Time for reassessment? Environmental Health Perspectives 1995:103:472–480. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9510347210.1289/ehp.9510347215232697656877
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[2] Czechowski P. O., et al. Preliminary Attempt at the Identification and Financial Estimation of the Negative Health Effects of Urban and Industrial Air Pollution Based on the Agglomeration of Gdańsk. Sustainability 2020:12:42. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1201004210.3390/su12010042
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[3] Priedniece V., et al. Treatment of Particulate Matter Pollution: People’s Attitude and Readiness to Act. Environmental and Climate Technologies 2020:24(2):231–246. https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-006910.2478/rtuect-2020-0069
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[4] Bajcinovci B. Environmental and Climate Dilemma: Coal for Heating or Clean Air for Breathing: A Case of Prishtina Environmental and Climate Technologies 2019:23(1):41–51. https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-000310.2478/rtuect-2019-0003
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[5] Yang X. L., et al. Associations of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 with mortality in Chinese adults: A pooled analysis of cohorts in the China-PAR project. Environment International 2020:138:105589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.10558910.1016/j.envint.2020.105589816421132146266
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[6] Tellez-Rojo M. M., et al. Children’s acute respiratory symptoms associated with PM2.5 estimates in two sequential representative surveys from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Environmental Research 2020:180:108868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2019.10886810.1016/j.envres.2019.10886831711659
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[7] Deniz C., Kilic A., Cıvkaroglu G. Estimation of shipping emissions in Candarli Gulf, Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment 2010:171:219–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1273-210.1007/s10661-009-1273-220058072
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[8] Bove M. C., et al. PM10 source apportionment applying PMF and chemical tracer analysis to shipborne measurements in the western Mediterranean. Atmospheric Environment 2016:125:140–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.00910.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[9] Schembari C., et al. Source apportionment of PM10 in the Western Mediterranean based on observations from a cruise ship. Atmospheric Environment 2014:98:510–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.01510.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.015
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[10] Yau P. S., et al. Estimation of exhaust emission from ocean-going vessels in Hong Kong. Science of The Total Environment 2012:431:299–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.09210.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.09222698572
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[11] Chen D., et al. High-spatiotemporal-resolution ship emission inventory of China based on AIS data in 2014. Science of The Total Environment 2017:609:776–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.05110.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.05128763674
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[12] Romagnoli P., et al. Particulate PAHs and n-alkanes in the air over Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Chemosphere 2016:159:516–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.02410.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.02427341155
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[13] Zhu L., et al. Transport pathways and potential sources of PM10 in Beijing. Atmospheric Environment 2011:45(3):594–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.04010.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.10.040
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[14] Lee S., et al. Impacts of atmospheric vertical structures on transboundary aerosol transport from China to South Korea. Scientific Reports 2019:9:13040. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49691-z10.1038/s41598-019-49691-z673696131506534
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[15] Oh H.-R., et al. Long-range transport of air pollutants originating in China: A possible major cause of multi-day high-PM10 episodes during cold season in Seoul, Korea. Atmospheric Environment 2015:109:23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.00510.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.005
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[16] Gupta M., Mohan M. Assessment of contribution to PM10 concentrations from long range transport of pollutants using WRF/Chem over a subtropical urban airshed. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2013:4(4):405–410. https://doi.org/10.5094/APR.2013.04610.5094/APR.2013.046
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[17] Salvador P., et al. Composition and origin of PM10 in Cape Verde: Characterization of long-range transport episodes. Atmospheric Environment 2016:127:326–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.05710.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.057
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[18] Viana M., et al. Impact of maritime transport emissions on coastal air quality in Europe. Atmospheric Environment 2014:90:96–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.04610.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.046
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[19] Rogulski M., Badyda A. Investigation of Low-Cost and Optical Particulate Matter Sensors for Ambient Monitoring. Atmosphere 2020:11(10):1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos1110104010.3390/atmos11101040
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[20] Owczarek T., Rogulski M., Czechowski O. Verification of equivalence with reference method for measurements of PM10 concentrations using low-cost devices. Scientific Journals of The Maritime University of Szczecin 2019:60(132):84–89. https://doi.org/10.17402/375
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[21] Rogulski M. Indoor PM10 concentration measurements using low-cost monitors in selected locations in Warsaw. Energy Procedia 2018:147:137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.04310.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.043
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[22] Owczarek T., Rogulski M., Badyda A. Preliminary comparative assessment and elements of equivalence of air pollution measurement results of portable monitoring stations with using stochastic models. E3S Web of Conferences 2018:28:01028. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2018280102810.1051/e3sconf/20182801028
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[23] Czechowski O., et al. Preliminary comparative assessment of PM10 hourly measurement results from new monitoring stations type using stochastic and exploratory methodology and models. E3S Web of Conferences 2018:28:01010. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2018280101010.1051/e3sconf/20182801010
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[24] Firląg Sz., Rogulski M., Badyda A. The Influence of Marine Traffic on Particulate Matter (PM) Levels in the Region of Danish Straits, North and Baltic Seas. Sustainability 2018:10(11):4231. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1011423110.3390/su10114231
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[25] GPS Visualizer [Online]. [Accessed 15.01.2021]. Available: https://www.gpsvisualizer.com/
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
[26] HYSPLIT Trajectory Model [Online]. [Accessed 15.01.2021]. Available: https://www.ready.noaa.gov/index.php
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

The Share of Pollution from Land Sources in PM Levels in the Region of Danish Straits, North and Baltic Seas

Abstract

Paradigm

My account