The Origins of Agricultural Cybernetics

Georgios Prokopos; Foteini Kyriazi; Dimitrios Thomakos

doi:10.2478/rsep-2026-0008

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The Origins of Agricultural Cybernetics

Review of Socio-Economic Perspectives

Volume 11 (2026): Issue 1 (June 2026)

By: Georgios Prokopos , Foteini Kyriazi and Dimitrios Thomakos

Open Access

|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Evolution of Farm Output, Barley and Wheat - 1960

Evolution of Farm Output, Barley and Wheat - 2000

Growth Statistics (2000)

	Real Farm Output		Barley (World)			Wheat (World)			Value (US)

Statistic	VA	QT	Area	Yield	Production	Area	Yield	Production	Barley	Wheat
Count	23	23	23	23	23	23	23	23	23	23
Mean	2.093	0.922	−0.559	1.301	0.806	0.129	1.315	1.479	−0.390	0.113
Std Dev	9.834	2.557	3.897	6.706	8.577	2.194	4.077	5.406	20.461	15.106
Min	−16.518	−3.758	−12.858	−9.645	−18.217	−4.264	−3.871	−7.106	−29.401	−24.592
25%	−4.608	−0.764	−1.742	−3.496	−4.114	−0.965	−2.126	−1.398	−15.608	−9.670
Median	0.111	0.799	−0.201	1.284	0.307	0.376	0.489	0.646	−1.025	−2.479
75%	10.505	2.655	1.653	4.661	6.728	1.471	3.927	3.704	13.071	9.061
Max	21.972	6.015	6.336	16.679	17.292	3.978	10.983	15.399	44.221	45.990

Growth Statistics from 1990

	Real Farm Output (US)		Barley (World)			Wheat (World)			Value (US)		(US)

Statistic	VA	QT	Area	Yield	Production	Area	Yield	Production	Barley	Wheat	Wheat
Count	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	33	62
Mean	3.590	1.322	−1.344	1.018	−0.278	−0.112	1.123	1.043	−0.929	−0.276	1.473
Std Dev	12.958	3.060	3.987	6.608	8.380	2.312	3.756	5.203	18.072	14.405	13.460
Min	−26.760	−4.072	−12.857	−9.645	−18.216	−4.264	−4.729	−7.106	−29.400	−27.463	−27.463
25%	−4.574	−0.531	−2.968	−3.222	−5.574	−1.957	−2.109	−1.992	−14.121	−9.396	−7.134
Median	2.114	1.304	−1.233	1.094	−0.351	0.249	0.488	0.646	−2.308	−2.850	−0.146
75%	13.352	2.906	0.810	3.952	5.680	1.559	3.788	3.226	9.981	8.285	10.441
Max	28.220	9.150	6.336	16.678	17.292	3.977	10.982	15.399	44.220	45.989	45.989

References

Authors

Metrics

Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rsep-2026-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2547-9385 | Journal ISSN: 2149-9276

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Language: English

Page range: 71 - 97

Submitted on: Apr 26, 2026

Accepted on: May 30, 2026

Published on: Jun 30, 2026

Published by: BC Publishing

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

Keywords:

agribusiness,

agricultural cybernetics,

artificial intelligence,

automation,

cybernetic revolution,

digital transformation,

food security,

machinery,

mechanization,

precision agriculture,

sustainability

Related subjects:

Business and economics,

Management accounting, financial controlling, cost calculation, investment

© 2026 Georgios Prokopos, Foteini Kyriazi, Dimitrios Thomakos, published by BC Publishing
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License.

Volume 11 (2026): Issue 1 (June 2026)

The Origins of Agricultural Cybernetics

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Growth Statistics (2000)

Growth Statistics from 1990

Paradigm

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