Corona-logy: A Re-Configuration of Racial Dynamics in Contemporary India

Sayan Dey

doi:10.2478/rsc-2021-0001

References

Ahmad, Nafees Ahmad. 2017. “Racism in India: Equality Constitutionalism and Lego-Institutional Response.” Comparative Law Prof Blog, January 1, 2017. https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/comparative_law/2017/01/guest-post-.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ANI. 2020. “Hindus Denied Food Supplies in Pakistan’s Karachi amid Covid-19 Outbreak.” Ahmedabad Mirror, Month Day, Year. https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/news/world/hindus-denied-food-supplies-in-pakistans-karachi-amid-covid-19-outbreak/articleshow/74888915.cms.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bauman, Zygmunt. 2000. “Modernity, Racism, Extermination.” In Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader, edited by Les Back and John Solomos, 212–28. New York: Routledge.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Beg, Mirza Arif. 2020. “Communal Corona? Is It Justified to Blame Tablighi Jamaat for Nizamuddin Outbreak?” Outlook, March 31, 2020. https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-corona-outbreak-afflicted-by-communal-virus-blaming-tablighi-jamaat-could-be-misdirected/349784.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bisht, Akash, and Sadiq. Naqvi. 2020. “How Tablighi Jamaat Event Became India’s Worst Coronavirus Vector.” Al Jazeera, April 7, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/tablighi-jamaat-event-india-worst-coronavirus-vector-200407052957511.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bonilla, Yarimar. 2020. “Public Thinker: Yarima Bonilla on Decolonizing Decolonization.” Public Books, May 27, 2020. https://www.publicbooks.org/public-thinker-yarimar-bonilla-on-decolonizing-decolonization/?fbclid=IwAR2EfqSK3JBou2efYO0ls214vhdakzkFrsVDtSYHuMO312y3kqD2w-a3QaA.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bose, Rakhi. 2020. “Muslims Spitting on Food, Hiding in Mosques to Spread Coronavirus? Beware of These 8 Fake News Stories.” News18, April 6, 2020. https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/muslims-spitting-on-food-hiding-in-mosques-to-spread-coronavirus-beware-of-these-8-fake-news-stories-2565483.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
BS Web Team. 2020. “In Pictures: Here’s What happened before and after Nizamuddin Markaz.” Business Standard, April 2, 2020. https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/in-pics-how-nizamuddin-became-the-biggest-coronavirus-hotspot-in-india-120040201078_1.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Césaire, Aimé. 2000. Discourse on Colonialism. Translated by J. Pinkham. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chatterjee, P. 1982. “Agrarian Relations and Communalism in Bengal, 1926–35.” In Subaltern Studies I: Writing on South Asian History and Society, edited by Ranajit. Guha, 80–110. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Choudhary, Preeti. 2020. “Being a Transperson in India during Covid-19 Pandemic.” DailyO, March 24, 2020. https://www.dailyo.in/variety/covid-19-transgender-hijras-health-risk-social-stigma-aadhaar-coronavirus-in-india/story/1/32608.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cooper, R., Steinhauer, M., Miller, W., David, R. and A. Schatzkin. 1981. “Racism, Society and Disease: An Exploration of the Social and Biological Mechanisms of Differential Morality.” International Journal of Health Services 3, no. 11: 389–414.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Das, Bijoyeta. 2014. “India’s Northeast Speaks Out against Racism.” Al Jazeera, February 19, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2014/2/19/indias-northeast-speaks-out-against-racism.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dasgupta, Debarshi. 2020. “Coronavirus Scare Prompts Racist Attacks on ‘Chinese-Looking’ Indians.” The Strait Times, March 28, 2020. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/coronavirus-scare-prompts-racist-attacks-on-chinese-looking-indians.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dey, Sayan. 2020. “COVID-19 as a Weapon of Reconfiguring Communal Divisions.” The Times of Corona, April 6, 2020. http://www.timesofcorona.com/index.php/2020/04/06/covid-19-as-a-weapon-of-reconfiguring-communal-divisions/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Du Bois, W. E. B. 1903. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Dover Publications.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dussel, Enrique. 1999. The Underside of Modernity: Apel, Ricoeur, Rorty, Taylor and the Philosophy of Liberation. New York: Humanity Books.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Essed, Philomena. 2001. “Towards a Methodology to Identify Converging Forms of Everyday Discrimination.” 45th Session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women. Accessed September 18, 2015. https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/csw/essed45.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fanon, Frantz. 2000. “The Fact of Blackness.” In Theories of Race and Racism: A Reader, edited by Les Back and John Solomos, 257–66. New York: Routledge.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grosfoguel, Ramón. 2011. “Decolonizing Post-colonial Studies and Paradigms of Political Economy: Transmodernity, Decolonial Thinking and Global Coloniality.” Transmodernity: Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World 1, no. 1: 1–25.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Grosfoguel, Ramón, and Eric Mielants. 2006. “The Long-Durée Entanglement between Islamophobia and Racism in the Modern/Colonial Capitalist/Patriarchal World-System: An Introduction.” Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-knowledge 1, no. 5: 1–12.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gupta, N. 2020. “Verbally Abused, Spat At, Harassed: Northeastern Citizens Come Under Attack amid Coronavirus Panic.” India Today, March 23, 2020. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/verbally-abused-spat-at-harassed-northeastern-citizens-come-under-attack-amid-coronavirus-panic-1658826-2020-03-23.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gupta, Swati, Eshra Mitra, and Vedika Sud. 2020. “Migrant Workers Sprayed with Disinfectant in One Indian State.” CNN, April 1, 2020. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/30/india/india-migrant-workers-sprayed-intl/index.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hage, Ghassan. 2009. “Waiting Out the Crisis: On Stuckedness and Governmentality.” In Waiting, edited by Ghassan Hage, 97–106. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Haider, Tanseem. 2020. “Timeline of How Nizamuddin Markaz Defied Lockdown with 3400 at Tablighi Jamaat Event.” India Today, March 31, 2020. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/timeline-of-nizamuddin-markaz-event-of-tablighi-jamaat-in-delhi-1661726-2020-03-31.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Krishnan, Murali. 2020. “Coronavirus: ‘Chinese-Looking’ Indians Targeted in Racist Attacks.” DW. Accessed April 15, 2020. https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-chinese-looking-indians-targeted-in-racist-attacks/a-52956212.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Light, Ray, Vincent J. Roscigno, and Alexandra Kalev. 2011. “Racial Discrimination, Interpretation, and Legitimation at Work.” ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1, no. 634: 39–59.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maldonado-Torres, Nelson. 2006. “Reconciliation as a Congested Future: Decolonization as Project or Beyond the Paradigm of War.” In Reconciliation: Nations and Churches in Latin America, edited by Ian S. Maclean, 50–75. London: Ashgate.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Maldonado-Torres, Nelson. (2007). “On the Coloniality of Being.” Cultural Studies 21: 240–70.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Malima, O. and S. Dey. 2020. “Covid-19 in India: Political Opportunism and Development.” Discover Society. https://discoversociety.org/2020/04/13/covid-19-in-india-political-opportunism-and-development/. Accessed 13.4.2020.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mbembe, Achille. Necropolitics. Durham: Duke University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mignolo, Walter D. 2000. Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality. Border Thinking and Subaltern Knowledge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mignolo, Walter D. 2005. The Idea of Latin America. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Moran, Dominique, and Anna K. Schliehe. 2017. “Introduction: Co-production and Carceral Spatiality.” In Carceral Spatiality: Dialogues between Geography and Criminology, edited by M. Dominique and A. Schliehe, 1–12. London: Palgrave-Macmillan.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mould, Tom. 2005. “The Paradox of Traditionalization: Negotiating the Past in Choctaw Prophetic Discourse.” Journal of Folklore Research 3, no. 42: 255–94.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nayar, Pramod K. 2017. The Extreme in Contemporary Literature: States of Vulnerability. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2013. Empire, Global Coloniality and African Subjectivity. Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2015. “Decoloniality in Africa: A Continuing Search for a New World Order.” Australasian Review of African Studies 2, no. 36: 20–50.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2018. “The Dynamics of Epistemological Decolonization in the 21st Century: towards Epistemic Freedom.” Strategic Review for Southern Africa 1, no. 40: 16–45.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2019. “Empire, Decolonization and Challenges of African Development.” African Studies Association. YouTube. Accessed December 31, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyySH6T1Ong&t=743s.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2020. “Decolonization, Decoloniality, and the Future of African Studies: A Conversation with Dr. Sabelo J. Ndlovu-Gatsheni.” Social Science Research Council. January 14, 2020. https://items.ssrc.org/from-our-programs/decolonization-decoloniality-and-the-future-of-african-studies-a-conversation-with-dr-sabelo-ndlovu-gatsheni/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Perrigo, Billy. 2020. “It Was Already Dangerous to Be Muslim in India. Then Came the Coronavirus.” Time. Accessed April 4, 2020. https://time.com/5815264/coronavirus-india-islamophobia-coronajihad/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Petu. 2017. “Invisible Racism: Manifiesto Sobre El Racismo Invisible.” STAR Project. Accessed June 14, 2020. https://www.invisible-racism.eu/invisibleracism.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Press Trust of India. 2000. “Devotees Assemble in Temples on Ram Navami in Bengal Defying Lockdown.” India Today, April 2, 2020. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/devotees-assemble-in-temples-on-ram-navami-in-bengal-defying-lock-down-1662621-2020-04-02.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ramaswami, Shankar. 2012. “Forces of Truth: A Struggle of Migrant Workers in Delhi.” Ethnography 1, no. 13: 57–70.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reuters. 2020. “India’s Transgender Community Struggles as Coronavirus Life Shuts Down.” Deccan Herald, March 25, 2020. https://www.deccanherald.com/national/indias-transgender-community-struggles-as-coronavirus-shuts-life-down-817394.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Roth, John K. 2005. “Genocide and the ‘Logic’ of Racism.” In Genocide & Human Rights: A Philosophical Guide, edited by J. K. Roth, 255–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Saikia, Arunabh. 2020. “Assam: Nurses in Guwahati Allegedly Face Racial Slurs, Called ‘Coronavirus.’” Scroll.in, April 6, 2020. https://scroll.in/latest/958328/assam-nurses-in-guwahati-allegedly-face-racial-slurs-called-coronavirus?fbclid=IwAR1EErq0V8fWRpc6N-PtJ3gKAslTMFNdrAuvHnWd6dD-Lq4aZogIjfKwWyc.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2007. “Beyond Abyssal Thinking: From Global Lines to Ecologies of Knowledges.” Eurozine, June 29. 2007. https://www.eurozine.com/beyond-abyssal-thinking/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2014. Epistemologies of the South: Justice against Epistemicide. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa. 2020. “The Tragic Transparency of the Virus.” Other News, April 6, 2020. https://www.other-news.info/2020/04/the-tragic-transparency-of-the-virus/?fbclid=IwAR2lqp4JOGfjLxklqtG_tX27j_r2477AM1WdbSC-99zfV5wSGYZqK81ken0.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shaikh, Aqsa. 2020. “The Price That Transgender Folk Pay to Accept and Assert Their Identity.” Youth Ki Awaaz, February 5, 2020. https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2020/02/violence-against-trans-gender-persons-the-truth-we-dont-want-to-talk-about-but-we-must/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sharma, Niharika. 2020. “The Nizamuddin Meet Wasn’t the Only Instance of Callousness in India amid the Covid-19 Scare.” Quartz India, April 1, 2020. https://qz.com/india/1829912/indias-coronavirus-rules-broken-by-many-not-nizamuddin-alone/.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, and Sarah Harasym. 1990. The Post-Colonial Critic: Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues. London: Routledge.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stacey, H. 2015. “Science, Emancipation and the Variety of Forms of Knowledge.” Metascience 24: 159–62.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Subrahmaniam, Vidya. 2020. “India’s Muslims Are Punished for Asking to Be Indian.” Al Jazeera, March 7, 2020. https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/india-muslims-punished-indian-200306190342176.html.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
TDN World Desk. 2020. “In Delhi Mob Killed 22-Year-Old Muslim Who Attended Tabilighi Event in Bhopal.” TDN World, April 9, 2020. http://www.tdnworld.com/news/india/in-delhi-mob-killed-22-year-old-muslim-who-attended-tabilighi-event-in-bhopal/?fbclid=IwAR3w6vWd33o9E3eFJRJ8JPFP8ItILzmSGGaNl6Ge2RgjW8XydBhnD_7eKzs.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Thiong’o, Ngugi wa. 2009. Something Torn and New: An African Renaissance. New York: Basic Civitas Books.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
TIMESOFINDIA.COM. 2020. “Indian Idol Fame Meiyang Chang: Two Guys on a Speeding Bike in Mumbai Called Me ‘Corona’; These Comments Are Hurtful.” Times of India, March 22, 2020. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/indian-idol-fame-meiyang-chang-two-guys-on-a-speeding-bike-in-mumbai-called-me-corona-these-comments-are-hurtful/photostory/74759008.cms.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Toal, Gerard, and Gela Merabishvili. 2019. “Borderization Theatre: Geopolitical Entrepreneurship on the South Ossetia Boundary Line, 2008–2018.” Caucasus Survey 2, no. 7: 110–33.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article