Figure 1:
Demographic, Clinical, and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients With and Without Bacteremia
| Values | Non-Bacteremia (n=176) | Bacteremia (n=56) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.5 (46.5–80) | 76 (59.75–81) | 0.118 |
| Sex | 0.729 | ||
| Male (n, %) | 61 (34.7%) | 18 (32.1%) | |
| Female (n, %) | 115 (65.3%) | 38 (67.9%) | |
| CCI | 4 (1–6) | 4 (3–6) | 0.286 |
| qSOFA Score | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1.75) | 0.01 |
| SOFA Score | 2 (1–5) | 3 (2–7) | 0.110 |
| SAP score | 30 (20.5–36) | 35 (23.5–43) | 0.033 |
| APACHE | 10 (4–14) | 13 (7–17) | 0.048 |
| Type of Infection | (n=97) | (n=48) | <0.01 |
| Hospital-Acquired (n, %) | 5 (5.2%) | 13 (27.1%) | |
| Community-Acquired (n, %) | 92 (94.8%) | 35 (72.9%) | |
| Complicated Infection | (n=149) | (n=44) | 0.149 |
| Yes (n, %) | 73 (49%) | 27 (61.4%) | |
| No (n, %) | 76 (51%) | 17 (38.6%) | |
| Laboratory Parameters | |||
| WBC Count (×109/L) | 12,430 (9,402.5–16,000) | 12,515 (7,502–15,857.5) | 0.546 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12 (11–13.3) | 11.1 (9.7–12.3) | <0.01 |
| PLT(×103/μL) | 224,500 (178,250–278,250) | 176,500 (132,000–25,450) | 0.04 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 8 (3–15) | 18 (7–23) | <0.01 |
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors correlated with bacteremia
| Variable | Univariate OR (95% C.I.) | p-value (Univariate) | Multivariate OR (95% C.I.) | p-value (Multivariate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age > 74 (median) | 1.385 (0.757–2.531) | 0.290 | 2.355 (0.889–6.243) | 0.085 |
| Sex (Female) | 1.120 (0.590–2.126) | 0.729 | 0.716 (0.263–1.953) | 0.515 |
| Type of Infection (Hospital-Acquired) | 6.834 (2.269–20.581) | <0.001 | 4.440 (1.037–19.007) | 0.045 |
| CCI > 4 (median) | 1.128 (0.606–2.100) | 0.704 | 0.811 (0.297–2.213) | 0.682 |
| MDR status (yes) | 1.106 (0.512–2.389) | 0.798 | 1.913 (0.560–6.532) | 0.301 |
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors correlated with outcome
| Variable | Univariate OR (95% C.I.) | p-value (Univariate) | Multivariate OR (95% C.I.) | p-value (Multivariate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age > 74 (median) | 1.440 (0.763–2.719) | 0.261 | 2.055 (0.674–6.261) | 0.205 |
| Sex (Female) | 0.776 (0.402–1.500) | 0.451 | 0.898 (0.326–2.472) | 0.834 |
| Complicated UTI (yes) | 1.714 (0.894–3.289) | 0.105 | 0.896 (0.333–2.412) | 0.828 |
| CCI > 4 (median) | 1.587 (0.825–3.054) | 0.167 | 1.079 (0.348–3.343) | 0.895 |
| MDR status (yes) | 6.484 (2.442–17.216) | <0.001 | 7.792 (2.645–22.951) | <0.001 |
| Bacteremia (yes) | 3.512 (1.655–7.45) | 0.001 | 2.010 (0.784–5.150) | 0.146 |
Antibiotic Usage Patterns in Patients With and Without Bacteremia
| Values | Non-Bacteremia (n=176) | Bacteremia (n=56) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic Regimen | |||
| Ceftriaxone (n, %) | n=133 | n=31 | 0.794 |
| No | 114 (85.7%) | 14 (45.2%) | |
| Yes | 19 (14.3%) | 17 (54.8%) | |
| Piperacillin/Tazobactam (n, %) | n=133 | n=31 | 0.343 |
| No | 81 (60.9%) | 16 (51.6%) | |
| Yes | 52 (39.1%) | 15 (48.4%) | |
| Quinolones (n, %) | n=133 | n=31 | 0.654 |
| No | 66 (49.6%) | 14 (45.2%) | |
| Yes | 67 (50.4%) | 17 (54.8%) | |
| Carbapenems (n, %) | n= 133 | n=31 | 0.002 |
| No | 114 (85.7%) | 19 (61.3%) | |
| Yes | 19 (14.3%) | 12 (38.7%) | |
| Ampicillin/Sulbactam (n, %) | n= 133 | n=31 | 0.53 |
| No | 91 (68.4%) | 23 (74.2%) | |
| Yes | 42 (31.6%) | 8 (25.8%) | |
| Amikacin (n, %) | n=133 | n=31 | 0.01 |
| No | 121 (91%) | 23 (74.2%) | |
| Yes | 12 (9%) | 8 (25.8%) | |
| Colistin (n, %) | n=133 | n=31 | 0.134 |
| No | 123 (92.5%) | 26 (83.9%) | |
| Yes | 10 (7.5%) | 5 (16.1%) | |
| Vancomycin (n,%) | n=133 | n=31 | 0.002 |
| No | 131 (98.5%) | 27 (87.1%) | |
| Yes | 2 (1.5%) | 4 (12.9%) | |
| Teicoplanin (n,%) | n=133 | n=31 | 0.061 |
| No | 110 (82.7%) | 21 (67.7%) | |
| Yes | 23 (17.3%) | 10 (32.3%) |
Outcomes
| Values | Non-Bacteremia (n=176) | Bacteremia (n=56) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Outcome | (n=136) | (n=37) | <0.01 |
| Treatment Success (n, %) | 99 (72.8%) | 16 (43.2%) | |
| Treatment Failure (n, %) | 37 (27.2%) | 21 (56.8%) | |
| Death (n, %) | 8 (5.8%) | 9 (24.3%) | |
| Change Antibiotic (n, %) | 28 (20.5%) | 12 (32.4%) | |
| Need for Surgery | 1 (0.07%) | 0 (0%) | |
| LOS (days) | 4(3–6) | 8.5 (5.3–13) | <0.01 |