Table 1
Demographic findings of patients
| NSTEMI (n=53) | STEMI (n=51) | Total (n=104) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | ||
| Age (year) | 61,94±11,47 | 60,75±13,51 | 61,36±12,46 | 0.626 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28,70±5,04 | 28,14±5,46 | 28,43±5,23 | 0.578 |
| Gender | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Female | 23 (43,4) | 18 (35,3) | 41 (39,4) | 0.428 |
| Male | 30 (56,6) | 33 (64,7) | 63 (60,6) | |
| HT | ||||
| no | 16 (30,2) | 27 (52,9) | 43 (41,3) | 0.028 (2,6 [1,2–5,8])a |
| yes | 37 (69,8) | 24 (47,1) | 61 (58,7) | |
| T2DM | ||||
| no | 27 (50,9) | 35 (68,6) | 62 (59,6) | 0.075 |
| yes | 26 (49,1) | 16 (31,4) | 42 (40,4) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| no | 24 (45,3) | 21 (41,2) | 45 (43,2) | 0.676 |
| yes | 29 (54,7) | 30 (58,8) | 59 (56,8) | |
Table 2
Laboratory results of patients
| Variables (on admission) | NSTEMI (n=53) | STEMI (n=51) | Total (n=104) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | ||
| WBC (*103/mm3) | 11,18±4082 | 11,87±4 | 11,46±4 | 0.238 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12,62±2,34 | 13,71±1,73 | 13,16±2,12 | 0.007 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 51,49±41 | 43,43±32 | 47,7±37,3 | 0.183 |
| Creatinin (mg/dL) | 1,34±0,9 | 1,18±0,6 | 1,28±0,8 | 0.319 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 148,88±84,57 | 154±68,7 | 150,67±76,2 | 0.737 |
| Total kolesterol (mg/dL) | 209,87±58,63 | 216,51±49,63 | 213,13±54,25 | 0.545 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 124,72±51,71 | 142,39±48,72 | 133,38±50,80 | 0.068 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 40±10,9 | 41±9,6 | 41±10,25 | 0.736 |
| cTnI (µg/L) | 3,7±1,14 | 2847±1609 | 1411±817 | <0,001 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 15,9±44,7 | 5899±4200 | 2928±2100 | 0.046 |
[i] SD: Standard Deviation, WBC: White blood cells, Hb: hemoglobin, g: gram, dL: desi Liter, BUN: Blood urea nitrogen, LDL: Low density lipoprotein, HDL: High density lipoprotein, cTnI: cardial troponin I, CK-MB: Creatinin kinase-myoglobin, a: Odds Ratio (%95 Confidence Interval), T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HT: Hypertension, STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, kg: kilogram, U: Unit
Table 3
Syntax, TIMI, Grace Scores and echocardiographic findings
| NSTEMI (n=53) | STEMI (n=51) (%) | Total (n=104) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (Min-Max) | Median (Min-Max) | Median (Min-Max) | ||
| SYNTAX Score | 14 (2–33) | 16,5 (3–28,5) | 15 (2–33) | 0.943 |
| Grace Score (Mortality) | 122 (57–222) | 132 (66–230) | 128,5 (57–230) | 0.396 |
| AIx | 18 (4–61) | 15 (5–61) | 17 (4–61) | 0.359 |
| TIMI Score | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–7) | 3 (1–7) | 0.119 |
| LVEF | 50 (20–65) | 40 (15–60) | 46,5 (15–65) | 0.001 |
| Cardiac Index | 2,6 (1,4–5,9) | 2,6 (1,7–4,1) | 2,6 (1,4–5,9) | 0.613 |
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | Mean±SD | ||
| PWV | 8,89±1,94 | 8,49±2,18 | 8,70±2,06 | 0.322 |
| Left atrium diameter (mm) | 37,06±6,38 | 37,06±5,43 | 37,06±5,90 | 0.998 |
| Hb | 12,62±2,34 | 13,71±1,73 | 13,16±2,12 | 0.007 |
| MSBP | 111,49±20,73 | 113,27±19,62 | 112,37±20,11 | 0.654 |
| MSDP | 77,72±13,50 | 81,06±13,93 | 79,36±13,75 | 0.230 |
| SYNTAX Score | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| <11 | 18 (34,0) | 14 (28,0) | 32 (31,1) | 0.758 |
| 11–18 | 16 (30,2) | 18 (36,0) | 34 (33,0) | |
| >18 | 19 (35,8) | 18 (36,0) | 37 (35,9) |
[i] Independent T test(Bootstrap) – Mann Whitney U test(Monte Carlo) – Pearson Chi-Square Test(Monte Carlo) – Fisher Exact Test(Exact), SD: Standard Deviation, Min: Minimum, Max: Maximum, a: Odds Ratio (%95), CI: Confidence Interval, STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction, NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, PWV: pulse wave velocity, TIMI: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, MSBP: mean systolic blood pressure, MDBP: mean diastolic blood pressure
Table 4
Correlations with Syntax Score
| Syntax Score | NSTEMI | STEMI | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | P | r | P | r | P | |
| PWV | ,356** | 0.009 | 0.095 | 0.508 | ,237* | 0.015 |
| Grace (on admission) | ,609** | <0,001 | ,325* | 0.020 | ,484** | <0,001 |
| TIMI Score (on admission) | ,609** | <0,001 | ,290* | 0.039 | ,451** | <0,001 |
| MSBP | −0.125 | 0.372 | 0.076 | 0.594 | −0.031 | 0.757 |
| MDBP | −0.059 | 0.674 | 0.014 | 0.921 | −0.017 | 0.861 |
| AIx | −0.185 | 0.185 | −0.039 | 0.786 | −0.123 | 0.214 |
| LVEF | −,421** | 0.002 | −0.043 | 0.765 | −,256** | 0.009 |
| Left atrium diameter (mm) | 0.238 | 0.086 | ,301* | 0.032 | ,265** | 0.006 |
Spearman’s rho Test, r: correlation coefficient, PWV: pulse wave velocity, TIMI: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, MSBP: mean systolic blood pressure, MDBP: mean diastolic blood pressure, STEMI: ST elevated myocardial infarction, NSTEMI: Non-ST elevated myocardial infarction, MDBP: mean diastolic blood pressure,
Table 5
Correlations with PWV
| PWV | NSTEMI | STEMI | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | P | r | P | r | P | |
| Grace Score (mortality) | ,296* | 0.032 | ,324* | 0.021 | ,301** | 0.002 |
| TIMI Score | ,375** | 0.006 | ,510** | <0,001 | ,456** | <0,001 |
| Left atrium diameter (mm) | 0.204 | 0.142 | ,404** | 0.003 | ,294** | 0.002 |
| Age | ,760** | <0,001 | ,861** | <0,001 | ,816** | <0,001 |
| BMI | −0.111 | 0.427 | 0.193 | 0.175 | 0.057 | 0.564 |
| Hb | −0.228 | 0.101 | −0.154 | 0.281 | −,226* | 0.021 |
| Total Cholesterol | −,363** | 0.007 | −0.089 | 0.534 | −,235* | 0.016 |
| LDL | −0.203 | 0.146 | −0.09 | 0.53 | −0.159 | 0.106 |
| HDL | −0.006 | 0.965 | 0.021 | 0.884 | 0.004 | 0.964 |
| MSBP | ,317* | 0.021 | ,361** | 0.009 | ,332** | 0.001 |
| MDBP | 0.015 | 0.913 | 0.068 | 0.635 | 0.031 | 0.757 |
| AIx | 0.041 | 0.771 | ,422** | 0.002 | ,247* | 0.011 |
| LVEF | −0.111 | 0.43 | 0.166 | 0.243 | 0.066 | 0.507 |
| WBC | −,362** | 0.008 | −0.078 | 0.588 | −,211* | 0.032 |
| RDW | 0.164 | 0.242 | 0.078 | 0.588 | 0.123 | 0.215 |
| BUN | ,491** | <0,001 | ,563** | <0,001 | ,530** | <0,001 |
| Creatinine | ,320* | 0.02 | ,453** | 0.001 | ,376** | <0,001 |
| Glucose | 0.177 | 0.205 | ,293* | 0.037 | ,197* | 0.045 |
| CK-MB (on admission) | −,275* | 0.048 | 0.213 | 0.133 | −0.005 | 0.959 |
| Cardiac Index | ,389** | 0.004 | −0.096 | 0.501 | 0.136 | 0.169 |
Spearman’s rho Test, r: correlation coefficient, PWV: pulse wave velocity, TIMI: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction, MSBP: mean systolic blood pressure, MDBP: mean diastolic blood pressure, STEMI: ST elevated myocardial infarction, NSTEMI: Non-ST elevated myocardial infarction, MDBP: mean diastolic blood pressure,
Supplementary Table S1
Multivariable linear regression: SYNTAX score
| Total cohort | STEMI | NSTEMI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 1.12 (−11.42–13.65) | 3.15 (−10.18–16.49) | −5.91 (−54.59–42.77) |
| baPWV | −0.78 (−2.68–1.11) | −1.34 (−3.78–1.09) | −0.12 (−7.63–7.39) |
| Age | 0.30 (0.02–0.57) | 0.28 (−0.05–0.61) | 0.33 (−0.79–1.46) |
| Systolic BP | 0.02 (−0.06–0.11) | 0.06 (−0.02–0.15) | 0.01 (−0.32–0.34) |
| Hypertension | −0.19 (−3.49–3.12) | −2.10 (−5.97–1.78) | 1.95 (−4.68–8.58) |
| Creatinine | 0.43 (−1.61–2.47) | −0.38 (−4.89–4.12) | 0.15 (−4.86–5.17) |
| Num.Obs. | 104 | 51 | 53 |
| R2 Adj. | 0.017 | 0.055 | 0.067 |
Supplementary Table S2
Sensitivity analysis (MBP, LDL, Hb added)
| Total cohort | STEMI | NSTEMI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (Intercept) | 11.69 (−10.17–33.55) | −1.04 (−28.23–26.14) | 15.15 (−42.23–72.54) |
| baPWV | −0.25 (−2.74–2.23) | −1.38 (−4.01–1.24) | 1.27 (−6.51–9.05) |
| Age | 0.23 (−0.14–0.59) | 0.29 (−0.07–0.65) | 0.12 (−1.03–1.27) |
| Mean BP | 0.14 (−0.24–0.52) | 0.03 (−0.50–0.56) | 0.19 (−0.54–0.91) |
| LDL | 0.02 (−0.02–0.05) | 0.00 (−0.05–0.05) | 0.04 (−0.01–0.08) |
| Hemoglobin | −0.94 (−1.87–−0.02) | 0.19 (−1.01–1.39) | −1.48 (−2.78–−0.18) |
| Systolic BP | −0.09 (−0.39–0.21) | 0.04 (−0.36–0.45) | −0.17 (−0.75–0.40) |
| Hypertension | −0.96 (−4.33–2.41) | −2.03 (−6.30–2.25) | 0.50 (−5.67–6.68) |
| Creatinine | 0.11 (−2.36–2.58) | −0.08 (−4.95–4.79) | −0.66 (−5.27–3.94) |
| Num.Obs. | 104 | 51 | 53 |
| R2 Adj. | 0.081 | −0.019 | 0.142 |