Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Psychometric Properties Of The Need For Cognitive Closure Scale In A Peruvian Sample: An ESEM Approach To Achieve An Acceptable Factor Solution And A Shorter Scale Cover

Psychometric Properties Of The Need For Cognitive Closure Scale In A Peruvian Sample: An ESEM Approach To Achieve An Acceptable Factor Solution And A Shorter Scale

Open Access
|Nov 2025

References

  1. Albarello, F., Contu, F., Baldner, C., Vecchione, M., Ellenberg, M., Kruglanski, A. W., & Pierro, A. (2023). At the roots of Allport’s “prejudice-prone personality”: The impact of need for cognitive closure on prejudice towards different outgroups and the mediating role of binding moral foundations. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101885
  2. American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. https://www.apa.org/ethics/code
  3. Baldner, C., & Pierro, A. (2019). The trials of women leaders in the workforce: How a need for cognitive closure can influence acceptance of harmful gender stereotypes. Sex Roles, 80(9), 565-577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0953-1
  4. Bandalos, D. L. (2021). Item Meaning and Order as Causes of Correlated Residuals in Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 28(6), 903–913. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2021.1916395
  5. Colegio de Psicólogos del Perú. (2017). Código de ética y deontología [Code of ethics and deontology]. Colegio de Psicólogos del Perú.
  6. Contu, F., Ellenberg, M., Kruglanski, A. W., Pantaleo, G., & Pierro, A. (2024). Need for cognitive closure and desire for cultural tightness mediate the effect of concern about ecological threats on the need for strong leadership. Current Psychology, 43(13), 11458-11469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05260-2
  7. De Cristofaro, V., Pellegrini, V., Livi, S., & van Zomeren, M. (2022). Explaining immigrant threat perceptions and pro‐immigrant collective action intentions through issue‐specific moral conviction and general need for closure: The case of the US–Mexico border wall. European Journal of Social Psychology, 52(5-6), 797-809. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2853
  8. De Grada, E., Kruglanski, A. W., Mannetti, L., & Pierro, A. (1999). Motivated cognition and group interaction: Need for closure affects the contents and processes of collective negotiations. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(4), 346-365. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1999.1376
  9. DeVellis, R. F., & Thorpe, C. T. (2021). Scale development: Theory and applications. Sage publications.
  10. Dominguez-Lara, S. (2018). Propuesta de puntos de corte para cargas factoriales: una perspectiva de fiabilidad de constructo [Proposing Cut-Off Points for Factor Loads: A Construct Reliability Perspective]. Enferm. Clín (Ed. impr.), 401-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2018.06.002
  11. Dugas, M., Schori-Eyal, N., Kruglanski, A. W., Klar, Y., Touchton-Leonard, K., McNeill, A., et al. (2018). Group-centric attitudes mediate the relationship between need for closure and intergroup hostility. Group Process. Intergroup Relat. 21, 1155–1171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430217699462
  12. Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2014). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105(3), 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12046
  13. Evans, N. J., Rae, B., Bushmakin, M., Rubin, M., & Brown, S. D. (2017). Need for closure is associated with urgency in perceptual decision-making. Memory & Cognition, 45, 1193-1205. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-017-0718-z
  14. Fleming, J. S., & Soto, C. M. (2005). Medidas de simplicidad y de ajuste factorial: un enfoque para la evaluación de escalas construidas factorialmente [Measures of Simplicity and Factor Fit: An Approach to the Evaluation of Factorially Constructed Scales]. Revista de Psicología, 23(2), 249-266. https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.200502.002
  15. Horcajo, J., Díaz, D., Gandarillas, B., & Briñol, P. (2011). Adaptación al castellano del Test de Necesidad de Cierre Cognitivo [Adaptation of the Need for Cognitive Closure Test into Spanish]. Psicothema, 23(4), 864-870. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/727/72722232051.pdf
  16. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  17. Jaume, L. C., Schetsche, C., Roca, M. A., & Quattrocchi, P. (2022). Factor structure and internal consistency on a reduced version of the revised test of need for cognitive closure. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 813115. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.813115
  18. Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 38(1), 52-54. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52
  19. Kossowska, M., Szumowska, E., Dragon, P., Ja´sko, K., and Kruglanski, A. W. (2018). Disparate roads to certainty processing strategy choices under need for closure. Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol. 29, 161–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2018.1493066
  20. Kruglanski, A. W., Pierro, A., Mannetti, L., & De Grada, E. (2006). Groups as epistemic providers: Need for closure and the unfolding of group-centrism. Psychological Review, 113(1), 84–100. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.113.1.84
  21. Kruglanski, A. W. (2013). The Psychology of Closed Mindedness. East Sussex: Psychology Press, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203506967
  22. Kruglanski, A. W., Dechesne, M., Orehek, E., & Pierro, A. (2009). Three decades of lay epistemics: the why, how, and who of knowledge formation. Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol. 20, 146–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280902860037
  23. Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Pierro, A., & Mannetti, L. (2002). When similarity breeds content: need for closure and the allure of homogeneous and selfresembling groups. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 83, 648–662. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.3.648
  24. Kruglanski, A. W., and Webster, D. M. (1996). Motivated closing of the mind:“Seizing” and “freezing.”. Psychol. Rev. 103, 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.103.2.263
  25. Li, C. H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally Silva-Alegria weighted least squares. Behavior Research Methods, 48(3), 936-949. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0619-7
  26. Livi, S., Kruglanski, A. W., Pierro, A., Mannetti, L., & Kenny, D. A. (2015). Epistemic motivation and perpetuation of group culture: effects of need for cognitive closure on trans-generational norm transmission. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 129, 105–112. https://doi.org//10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.09.010
  27. Jaume, L., Cervone, N., Biglieri, J., & Quattrocchi, P. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas del Test revisado de Necesidad de cierre cognitivo (TR-NCC) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Buenos Aires [Psychometric properties of the revised Cognitive Closure Need Test (RT-NCC) in a sample of students from the University of Buenos Aires].
  28. MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
  29. MacCallum, R. C., Rosznowski, M., & Necowitz, L. B. (1992). Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: The problem of capitalization on chance. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 490–504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.490
  30. Neuberg, S. L., Judice, T. N., & West, S. G. (1997). What the Need for Closure Scale measures and what it does not: toward differentiating among related epistemic motives. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 72, 1396–1412. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1396
  31. Orehek, E., Fishman, S., Dechesne, M., Doosje, B., Kruglanski, A. W., Cole, A. P., et al. (2010). Need for closure and the social response to terrorism. Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. 32, 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2010.519196
  32. Pierro, A., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2005). Revised Need for Cognitive Closure Scale. Unpublished Manuscript. La Sapienza: Università di Roma.
  33. Pierro, A., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2008). “Seizing and freezing” on a significant-person schema: Need for closure and the transference effect in social judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(11), 1492-1503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208322865
  34. Pierro, A., Sheveland, A., Livi, S., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2015). Person-group fit on the need for cognitive closure as a predictor of job performance, and the mediating role of group identification. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 19(2), 77. http://doi.org/10.1037/gdn0000022
  35. Roets, A., Kruglanski, A. W., Kossowska, M., Pierro, A., and Hong, Y. (2015). The motivated gatekeeper of our minds. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 52, 221–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.01.001
  36. Roets, A. (2017). Three decades of need for closure research: About epistemic goals and (not) means. In The motivation-cognition interface (pp. 39-55). Routledge.
  37. Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American psychologist, 54(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.2.93
  38. Smith, G. T., McCarthy, D. M., and Anderson, K. G. (2000). On the sins of short-form development. Psychol. Assess. 12, 102–111. https://doi.org.10.1037/1040-3590.12.1.102
  39. Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 67, 1049–1062. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1049
Language: English
Page range: 116 - 122
Submitted on: Jun 26, 2025
|
Accepted on: Oct 13, 2025
|
Published on: Nov 1, 2025
Published by: Sciendo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Mauricio Enrique Silva-Alegria, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.