Comparative assessment of hydration status in intestinal failure patients receiving home parenteral nutrition using different bioimpedance analysis devices

	Min	Max	M	SD	Asm.	SEasm	Kurt.	SEspl	S-W	p
Fat mass
kg	7.30	42.70	19.22	7.05	0.85	0.32	1.34	0.63	0.96	0.04
%	11.30	49.80	28.24	8.40	0.32	0.32	–0.05	0.63	0.98	0.61
Fat free mass (FFM)
kg	28.40	70.70	48.90	11.30	0.14	0.32	–0.98	0.63	0.97	0.12
%	50.20	88.7	71.78	8.41	–0.32	0.32	–0.05	0.63	0.98	0.60
Dry lean mass (kg)
	2.00	22.20	10.52	4.83	0.26	0.32	–0.55	0.63	0.98	0.43
Fat free mass index (FFMI) (kg/m²)
	9.80	21.50	16.65	2.85	0.02	0.32	–0.70	0.63	0.97	0.24
Phase angle (°)
	2.00	6.10	4.48	0.95	–0.33	0.32	–0.09	0.63	0.97	0.19
Total body water (TBW)
l	26.80	54.2	38.53	7.28	0.26	0.32	–1.00	0.63	0.96	0.07
%	39.50	71.50	57.16	6.92	–0.15	0.32	–0.52	0.63	0.98	0.61
Extracellular water (ECW)
l	12.60	23.20	17.13	2.59	0.34	0.32	–0.75	0.63	0.97	0.14
%	19.40	31.30	25.50	2.70	0.22	0.32	–0.40	0.63	0.98	0.51
Intracellular water (ICW)
l	12.80	28.20	20.56	4.52	0.06	0.32	–1.12	0.63	0.96	0.06
%	22.60	36.50	30.25	3.57	–0.14	0.32	–0.98	0.63	0.97	0.15
Prediction marker
	0.78	0.92	0.84	0.03	0.37	0.32	–0.04	0.63	0.97	0.28

[i] Asm = asymmetry coefficient; Kurt = kurtosis; SEasm = standard error of asymmetry coefficient; SEspl = standard error of kurtosis; S-W = Shapiro-Wilk value

TABLE 2.

Descriptive statistics of measured body composition parameters using the device of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) / bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) / bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) (Multiscan 5000)

	Min	Max	M	SD	Asm.	SEasm	Kurt.	SEspl	S-W	p
Fat mass
kg	6.90	40.50	18.15	6.73	0.86	0.32	1.38	0.63	0.95	0.03
%	11.40	47.30	26.59	7.87	0.41	0.32	0.04	0.63	0.98	0.39
Fat free mass (FFM)
kg	30.90	73.00	50.00	11.19	0.24	0.32	–0.88	0.63	0.97	0.18
%	52.70	88.60	73.41	7.87	–0.41	0.32	0.04	0.63	0.98	0.39
Dry lean mass
kg	7.80	31.30	16.76	5.43	0.42	0.32	–0.31	0.63	0.97	0.18
Fat free mass index (FFMI)
kg/m²	10.70	22.10	16.99	2.71	0.08	0.32	–0.64	0.63	0.98	0.36
Phase angle
°	2.50	6.20	4.61	0.90	–0.32	0.33	–0.19	0.64	0.97	0.22
Total body water (TBW)
l	21.70	46.50	33.16	6.47	0.22	0.32	–0.88	0.63	0.97	0.24
%	32.90	64.80	49.21	6.68	0.04	0.32	–0.35	0.63	0.99	0.98
Extracellular water (ECW)
l	10.70	23.20	15.98	3.10	0.38	0.32	–0.80	0.63	0.96	0.08
%	17.20	46.90	24.06	4.09	3.26	0.32	17.59	0.63	0.74	0.00
Intracellular water (ICW)
l	9.00	25.20	17.24	3.86	0.10	0.32	–0.81	0.63	0.98	0.34
%	15.20	36.80	25.64	4.66	0.13	0.32	–0.13	0.63	0.99	0.91
Overhydration index
l	0.50	7.40	2.89	1.59	0.97	0.32	0.83	0.63	0.92	0.00
%	0.60	11.50	4.34	2.30	0.78	0.32	0.75	0.63	0.96	0.05
Prediction marker
	0.79	0.92	0.84	0.03	0.53	0.32	0.08	0.63	0.96	0.08

[i] Asm = asymmetry coefficient; Kurt = kurtosis; SEasm = standard error of asymmetry coefficient; SEspl = standard error of kurtosis; S-W = Shapiro-Wilk value

TABLE 3.

The correlation between blood hydration markers and parameters measured by both devices

	Multiscan 5000		Quadscan 4000
	*Urea*	*Creatinine*	*Urea*	*Creatinine*
Total body water (TBW)
l	–0.552**	0.257	–0.471**	0.332*
%	–0.185	–0.331*	–0.054	–0.286*
Extracellular water (ECW)
l	–0.453**	0.283*	–0.465**	0.297*
%	0.007	–0.297*	0.145	–0.419**
Intracellular water (ICW)
l	–0.573**	0.207	–0.499**	0.395**
%	–0.244	–0.253	–0.251	–0.025

* p < 0,05;

** p < 0,01

TABLE 4.

Results of Mann-Whitney U test in measured parameters according to the applied method

	Multiscan 5000		Quadscan 4000		Mann-Whitney U	p
	M	SD	M	SD
Total body water (TBW)
l	33.16	6.47	38.53	7.24	897.50	< 0.001
%	49.21	6.68	57.16	6.92	626.50	< 0.001
Extracellular water (ECW)
l	15.98	3.10	17.13	2.59	1148.00	0.03
%	24.06	4.09	25.50	2.70	985.00	< 0.001
Intracellular water (ICW)
l	17.24	3.86	20.56	4.52	899.00	< 0.001
%	25.64	4.66	30.25	3.57	672.00	< 0.001

[i] When comparing TBW-based dehydration detection with laboratory markers, the BIA/BIVA/BIS showed higher concordance: 25% alignment with elevated urea and 24% with elevated creatinine, compared to 7% and 9%, respectively, for the BIA (Table 5, Table 6).

TABLE 5.

Comparison of the number of dehydrated patients based on blood measurements of urea and total body water

				Total body water (TBW)
			*Dehydration*	*Normal hydration*	*Total*
BIA	Urea	Dehydration	4	16	20
	Urea	Normal hydration	12	23	35
	Urea	Total	16	39	55
BIA/BIVA/BIS	Urea	Dehydration	14	6	20
	Urea	Normal hydration	24	11	35
	Urea	Total	38	17	55

[i] BIA = bioelectrical impedance analysis; BIS = bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BIVA = bioelectrical impedance vector analysis

TABLE 6.

Comparison of the number of dehydrated patients based on blood measurements of creatinine and total body water

				Total body water (TBW)
			*Dehydration*	*Normal hydration*	*Total*
BIA	Creatinine	Dehydration	5	9	14
	Creatinine	Normal hydration	11	30	41
	Creatinine	Total	16	39	55
BIA/BIVA/BIS	Creatinine	Dehydration	13	1	14
	Creatinine	Normal hydration	25	16	41
	Creatinine	Total	38	17	55

[i] BIA = bioelectrical impedance analysis; BIS = bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BIVA = bioelectrical impedance vector analysis

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2026-0048 | Journal eISSN: 1581-3207 | Journal ISSN: 1318-2099

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Language: English

Submitted on: Mar 19, 2026

Accepted on: May 6, 2026

Published on: Sep 7, 2026

Published by: Association of Radiology and Oncology

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

intestinal failure,

home parenteral nutrition,

bioelectrical impedance analysis,

bioelectrical impedance vector analysis,

bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy,

Related subjects:

© 2026 Taja Jordan, Jernej Ogrin, Nada Rotovnik Kozjek, published by Association of Radiology and Oncology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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